Atomic Physics 7 PDF
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ATOMIC PHYSICS 7 1969-Atomic Physics 1 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Atomic Physics, june 3-7, 1968, in New York City V. W. Hughes, Conference Chairman B. Bederson, V. W. Cohen, and F. M. J. Pichanik, Editors 1971-Atomic Physics 2 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Atomic Physics, july 21-24, 1970, Oxford, England G. K. Woodgate, Conference Chairman P. G. H. Sandars, Editor 1973-Atomic Physics 3 Proceed ings of the Third I nternational Conference on Atomic Physics, August 7-11, 1972, Boulder, Colorado S. j. Smith and G. K. Walters, Conference Chairmen and Editors 1975-Atomic Physics 4 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Physics, july 22-26,1974, Heidelberg, Germany G. zu Putlitz, Conference Chairman, E. W. Weber and A. Winnacker, Editors 1977-Atomic Physics 5 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Atomic Physics, July 26-30,1976, Berkeley, California Richard Marrus, Conference Chairman, Michael Prior and Howard Shugart, Editors 1979 - Atomic Physics 6 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Atomic Physics, August 17-22, 1978, Riga, USSR, A. M. Prokhorov, Conference Chairman R. Damburg, Editor 1981-Atomic Physics 7 Proceed ings of the Seventh I nternational Conference on Atomic Physics, held August 4-8,1980, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology I Cambridge, Massachusetts Daniel Kleppner and Francis M. Pipkin, Conference Chairmen and Editors A Continuation Order Plan Is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further Information please contact the publisher. ATOMIC PHYSICS 7 Editors DANIEL KLEPPNER Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts and FRANCIS M. PIPKIN Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows: International Conference on Atomic Physics. Atomic Physics; proceedings. 1st- 1968- New York [etc.] Plenum Press. v. iIIus. 26 cm. biennial. 1. Nuclear physics-Congresses. I. Title. QC173.1 53 539.7 72-176581 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-176581 ISBN-13:978-1-4615-9208-2 e-ISBN :978-1-4615-9206-8 001: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9206-8 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Atomic Physics, held August 4-8,1980, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts © 1981 Plenum Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1981 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Conference Chairmen D. Kleppner Massachusetts In stitute of Technology F. M. Pipkin Harvard University Organizing Committee B. Bederson New York University P. G. Burke The Queen's University, Belfast C. Cohen-Tannoudji College of France, Paris R. J. Damburg Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga S. Feneuille Laboratoire Aime Cotton, Orsay V. W. Hughes Yale University V. S. Letokhov Academy of Sciences, Moscow I. Lindgren Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg R. Marrus University of California, Berkeley H. Narumi Hiroshima University E. W. Otten Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz G. zu Putlitz Universitat Heidelberg P. G. H. Sandars Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford A. L. Schawlow Stanford University S.J.Smith J I LA/NBS and University of Colorado Program Committee S. Haroche L'Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris D. Kleppner Massachusetts Institute of Technology N. Lane Rice University, Houston F. M. Pipkin Harvard University A. Rich University of Michigan G. W. Series Reading University L. Spruch New York University Local Committee L. R. Brewer M. M. Kash W. P. Spencer J. c. Castro S. R. Lundeen G. Vaidyanathan T. W. Ducas D. E. Pritchard G. R. Welch R. G. Hulet J. R. Rubbmark M. L. Zimmerman Sponsors National Science Foundation International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Energy Army Research Office Air Force Office of Scientific Research Office of Naval Research Host Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology. We gratefully acknowledge donations to the conference from: National Bureau of Standards International Business Machines Corporation Harvard University Quanta-Ray Spectra Physics PREFACE Atomic Physics 7 presents the manuscripts of the invited talks delivered at the Seventh International Conference of Atomic Physics, held at M.I.T. August 4-8, 1980. This conference continues the tradition of the earlier conferences by reviewing broad areas of fundamental atomic physics and related subjects. In addition to the invited talks, one hundred and ninety contributed papers were presented in poster sessions. Abstracts of the contributed papers have been printed separately in a small volume. Three hundred and fifty participants from thirteen nations attended the conference. One of the highlights of the conference was an historical talk by Professor Abraham Pais of Rockefeller University entitled "The Birth of the Quantum Theory: Planck". The manuscript of this talk will be published elsewhere. Dr. John Bailey presented a talk on the proton-antiproton system at low energy, but was unable to provide a manuscript for this volume. Also omitted from these Proceedings, but one of the highlights of the Conference, are the comments by Professor I. I. Rabi, an active participant who chaired one session and spent an evening discussing science, history and public policy with graduate students at the Conference. Daniel Kleppner Francis M. Pipkin ~i Contents Atomic Physics of High Z-Systems . . • • • . • • • . . . • 1 P. Kienle Atomic Physics With Relativistic Beams • • . • 29 H.C. Bryant, K.B. Buterfield, D.A. Clark, C.A. Frost, J.B. Donahue, P.A.M. Gram, M.E. Hamm, R.W. Hamm, and W.W. Smith Experiments on Time Reversal Symmetry and Party 65 Norman F. Ramsey Parity Violation Effects Induced by Neutral Currents in Atoms . . . • • • • • • • 83 C. Bouchiat Status of Experimental Searches for Parity Violation in Atoms • . . • • 121 E.D. Commins Rydberg Atoms and Radiation 141 Serge Haroche Two Electron Rydberg States 167 William E. Cooke Precise Studies of Hydrogen Stark Resonances • • • • • .• 181 Peter M. Koch Excited States of Atoms in Strong External Fields 209 Richard R. Freeman Nuclear Properties Studies by Atomic Physics • • • • • •• 231 R. Klapisch Stable Lasers and Optical Frequency Standards for Testing the Postulates of Physics •• • . • • • • 267 J.L. Hall ix x CONTENTS Theoretical Advances in Quantum Electrodynamics 297 G. Peter Lapage Tests of Quantum Electrodynamics Using Hydrogen. Muonium. and Positronium • • • • • • • 313 D.W. Gidley and A. Rich Invariant Frequency Ratios in Electron and Positron Geonium Spectra Yield Refined Data on Electron Structure • • • • • • • • • • 337 Hans Dehmel t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muonic Helium 373 Patrick O. Egan Coherent Decay of Collisionally Excited Autoionizing Atoms • • • • • • • 385 Reinhard Morgenstern Laser Induced Collisional Energy Transfer • • • • • • •• 407 S.E. Harris. J.F. Young. R.W. Falcone. W.R. Green. D.B. Lidow. J. Lukasik. J.C. White. M.D. Wright. and G. A. Zdasiuk Correlation Effects in Electron-Atom Scattering 429 Frank H. Read Continuum Capture in the Three-Body Problem 455 Ivan A. Sellin Atomic Physics With Synchrotron Radiation: Past, Present and Future • • • • • • • • • • • • 491 Francois J. Wui1leumier Spectroscopy on Localized and Cooled Ions 529 Peter E. Toschek and Werner Neuhauser Spin-Polarized Hydrogen • • • • • • • • • 553 Thomas J. Greytak, Daniel Kleppner. Richard W. Cline, and David A. Smith Index 569 ATOMIC PHYSICS OF HIGH Z-SYSTEMS P. Kienle Physik Department, Technische Universitat MUnchen * On April 1 , 1976, the "Unilac" of the G.S.I. Darmstadt accelerated for the first time 238U ions to an energy of 1.6 GeV (6.7 MeV/u), which is high enough to overcome the Coulomb barrier in U-U-collisions (6.3 MeV/u). This event opened a new field of atomic physics: The investi gation of atomic processes in strong fields1)2) 3) with coupling strengths Za>1. The strong fields are produced in heavy ion-atom collisions by superposition of the Coulomb fields of both colliding nuclei. Let us look at an U-U-encounter at a bombarding energy of 1.4 GeV, which corresponds to a relative velocity of v = 0.11 x c. In a head on collision the distance of closest approach is 2a = 17 fm~ at this distance the U-nuclei start to overlap with the outer tails of their wavefunctions. The collision time defined as the time during which the nuclei move ±100 fm around the turning point is about 1.8 x 10-19S. During this time the effective Coulomb field outside a sphere of 100 fm radius originates from the sum of the charges Zu=Z1+Z2= 184 of both nuclei, or more accurately the electrons are exposed during the collision to a two center Coulombfield determined by Z1' Z2 and the internuclear distance R(t) which is time dependant corresponding to the motion on the hyperbolic orbits. * "Aprilscherz", we call these wondrous happenings on such a day.
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