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Atherogenesis - S. Parthasarathy (Intech, 2011) WW PDF

578 Pages·2011·17.61 MB·English
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Contents Preface IX Part 1 Atherosclerosis – Models and Concepts 1 Chapter 1 Mouse Models of Experimental Atherosclerosis as a Tool for Checking a Putative Anti-Atherogenic Action of Drugs 3 Jacek Jawien Chapter 2 Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in Pigeons: A Good Model of Human Disease 25 J. L. Anderson, S. C. Smith and R. L. Taylor, Jr. Chapter 3 Illuminating Atherogenesis Through Mathematical Modeling 49 L. R. Ritter, Akif Ibragimov, Jay R.Walton and Catherine J. McNeal Chapter 4 Parametric Determination of Hypoxic Ischemia in Evolution of Atherogenesis 71 Lawrence M. Agius Chapter 5 Emerging Epigenetic Therapy for Vascular Proliferative Diseases 79 Kasturi Ranganna, Frank M. Yatsu and Omana P. Mathew Chapter 6 Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Cell Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Appraisal 105 Luigi Fabrizio Rodella and Rita Rezzani Chapter 7 Nutrigenomics and Atherosclerosis: The Postprandial and Long-Term Effects of Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion 135 Almudena Ortega, Lourdes M. Varela, Beatriz Bermudez, Sergio Lopez, Francisco J.G. Muriana and Rocio Abia VI Contents Chapter 8 Molecular Understanding of Endothelial Cell and Blood Interactions with Bacterial Cellulose: Novel Opportunities for Artificial Blood Vessels 161 Helen Fink, Anders Sellborn and Alexandra Krettek Part 2 Macrophages and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis 185 Chapter 9 Atherogenesis, Inflammation and Autoimmunity  An Overview 187 Katja Lakota, Andrej Artenjak, Sasa Cucnik, Jana Brguljan-Hitij, Borut Cegovnik, Barbara Salobir, Rok Accetto, Borut Bozic, Blaz Rozman and Snezna Sodin-Semrl Chapter 10 Mechanisms of Leukocyte Recruitment Into the Aorta During Atherosclerosis 203 Matthew J. Butcher and Elena Galkina Chapter 11 (Auto)Phagocytosis in Atherosclerosis: Implications for Plaque Stability and Therapeutic Challenges 229 Dorien M. Schrijvers, Guido R.Y. De Meyer and Wim Martinet Chapter 12 Innate Immune Receptors in Atherosclerosis 255 Jennifer E. Cole, Anusha N. Seneviratne and Claudia Monaco Chapter 13 Cholesterol and Inflammation at the Crossroads of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Atherogenesis 281 Gregor Lorbek and Damjana Rozman Chapter 14 Macrophage Cholesterol Homeostasis and Atherogenesis: Critical Role of Intracellular Cholesteryl Ester Hydrolysis 305 Shobha Ghosh Chapter 15 The Role of TGF- and TGF- Receptors in Atherosclerosis 327 Petr Nachtigal, Jana Rathouska, Lenka Vecerova and Zbynek Strasky Chapter 16 CXCL4-Induced Macrophages: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Human Atherosclerosis? 345 Christian A. Gleissner and Christian Erbel Chapter 17 The Role of IL-10 in Atherosclerosis 361 Xinbing Han and William A. Boisvert Chapter 18 The 18 kDa Translocator Protein as a Potential Participant in Atherosclerosis 385 Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska, Leo Veenman and Moshe Gavish Contents VII Part 3 Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis 411 Chapter 19 Are CVD Patients Under Oxidative Stress? 413 Yedidya Dotan, Dov Lichtenberg and Ilya Pinchuk Chapter 20 Vascular Biology of Reactive Oxygen Species and NADPH Oxidases: Role in Atherogenesis 425 Adrian Manea Chapter 21 Modified Forms of LDL in Plasma 447 José Luis Sánchez-Quesada and Sandra Villegas Chapter 22 Oxidized LDL and NO Synthesis as Biomarkers of Atherogenesis  Correlations with Metabolic Profile in Elderly 473 Claudia Borsa, Cristina Ionescu and Daniela Gradinaru Chapter 23 Are Hemochromatosis Mutations Protective Against Iron-Mediated Atherogenesis? 495 Jerome L. Sullivan Chapter 24 Paraoxonase Polymorphisms and Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase Activity as a Genetic Risk Factors in Cerebral Atherosclerosis 507 Zlata Flegar-Meštrić, Mirjana Mariana Kardum Paro, Sonja Perkov, Vinko Vidjak and Marija Grdić Rajković Chapter 25 G Protein-Coupled Receptor Dependent NF-κB Signaling in Atherogenesis 529 Phillip C. Delekta, Robert L. Panek, Linda M. McAllister-Lucas and Peter C. Lucas Chapter 26 Vasoprotective Effect of Foods as Treatments: Chicken Collagen Hydrolysate 557 Tomomi Kouguchi, Youzuo Zhang, Mikako Sato, Yoshihisa Takahata and Fumiki Morimatsu Preface Cardiovascular disease in general and atherosclerosis in particular have been a topic of great interest for decades. During the later half of the past century, we noted great advances in defining steps involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol to the discovery of lipoproteins. The latter led to the identification of key cell types which are involved in the uptake of the lipoproteins and specific cell membrane receptors that determine their entry. The lipid clinics played a major role in identifying the risk factors, particularly in identifying high plasma cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol, in the etiology of the disease. On the one hand, drugs such as statins, life style modulation in the form of reduced fat intake, decreased smoking, and increased physical activity, continue to show marked impact on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. While on the other hand, the emerging understanding of the roles of chronic inflammation, diet, increases in the incidence of diabetes, and the environment, are factors that we need to be concerned about in the future. Although prevention is always better than cure, the beneficial roles of HDL are still only partly uncovered. In addition to promoting reverse cholesterol transport, it appears to influence inflammatory and oxidative pathways. The latter poses paradoxical and conflicting implications. While most non-clinical studies seem to stress its importance, the use of antioxidants in human clinical trials has not been encouraging to propose antioxidants as a therapeutic means. Caution should be exercised in making judgments as inflammatory and oxidative stress seem to go hand in hand. This monograph will bring out the state-of-the-art advances in the dynamics of cholesterol transport and will address several important issues that pertain to oxidative stress and inflammation. The book is divided into three major sections; the first section deals with the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis with emphasis on epigenetics and nutrigenomics. The second section discusses cholesterol influx-efflux pathways and inflammation and immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis. The last section discusses oxidative stress and vascular mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease development. The book will offer insights into the roles of specific cytokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and is intended for new X Preface researchers who are curious about atherosclerosis as well as for established senior researchers and clinicians who would be interested in novel findings that may link various aspects of the disease. Dr. Sampath Parthasarathy Florida Hospital Endowed Chair in Cardiovascular Sciences at the University of Central Florida USA Part 1 Atherosclerosis-Models and Concepts

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