Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation

374 Pages·2001·12.893 MB·English

by  E. G. Berezhko (auth.), Maurice M. Shapiro, Todor Stanev, John P. Wefel (eds.)

Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles
and Radiation
NATO Science Series
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Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry - Vol. 44
Astrophysical Sources
of High Energy Particles
and Radiation
edited by
Maurice M. Shapiro
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Maryland,
College Park, MD, U.S.A.
Todor Stanev
Bartol Research Institute,
University of Delaware,
Newark, DE, U.S.A.
and
John P. Wefel
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, LA, U.S.A.
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
and 12th Course of the International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics
Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation
Erice, Italy
10-21 November 2000
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-0174-1 ISBN 978-94-010-0560-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0560-9
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
@2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording
or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
copyright owner.
This volume is dedicated
in fond memory
of two distinguished colleagues
David N. Schramm, a leader in high-energy physics and
cosmology. He will be best remembered for his seminal
insight into nuc1eosynthesis in the early universe.
John A. Simpson, an outstanding contributor to cosmic-ray
research and to heliospheric physics, assuring him a
significant place in the pantheon of 20th century science.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
M. M. Shapiro ....................................................................................................... xi
I. HIGH ENERGY PROCESSES
THEORY OF COSMIC RAY AND HIGH-ENERGY
GAMMA-RAY PRODUCTION IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS .................... 1
E. G. Berezhko
HADRONIC COLLISIONS AT VERY HIGH ENERGIES ........................................ 19
I. Kurp
ELECTRON ACCELERATION BY QUASI-PARALLEL
SHOCK WAVES ................................................................................................. 25
Y. Uvarov
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WIND DRIVEN BY COSMIC
RAYS IN A ROTATING GALAXY .................................................................. 31
Y.N. Zirakashvili, D. Breitschwerdt, Y.S. Ptuskin and H.J. Volk
II. SOURCES IN OUR GALAXY
SUPERNOVAE, SUPERBUBBLES, NONTHERMAL EMISSION
& LIGHT ELEMENT NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN THE GALAXY ................ .43
A. M. Bykov
COSMIC RAY INTERACTIONS IN THE GALACTIC
CENTER REGION .............................................................................................. 65
P.L. Biermann, S. Markoff, W Rhode and E.-S. Seo
DARK MATTER HALO OF OUR GALAXY ............................................................. 81
R. Cowsik
viii
A NEW MODEL FOR THE THERMAL X-RAY COMPOSITES
AND THE PROTON ORIGIN y-RA YS FROM SUPERNOVA
REMNANTS ................................................................................ ;. ...................... 93
O. Petruk
EVOLUTION OF ISOLATED NEUTRON STARS .................................................. 101
S.Popov
HIGH ENERGY OUTBURST OF RECURRENT TRANSIENT
PULSAR A0535+26 .......................................................................................... 111
T. N. Dorokhova and N. I. Dorokhov
III. EXTRA-GALACTIC SOURCES AND COSMOLOGICAL
CONNECTIONS
HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI... ....................... 115
P. L. Biermann
GALACTIC CLUES ABOUT THE HIGH-ENERGY
PROCESSES IN BL LAC (AGN) JETS .......................................................... 135
S. Markoff, H. Falcke, P. L. Biermann and R. P. Fender
NONTHERMAL PHENOMENA IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES .......................... 143
Y. Rephaeli
CORRELATION AND CLUSTERING:
STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF GALAXY LARGE
SCALE STRUCTURES .................................................................................... 151
F. S. Labini and A. Gabrielli
THE SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH EFFECT AND ITS
COSMOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE .............................................................. 161
Y. Rephaeli
IV. COSMIC PHOTONS: X-RAYS AND y-RAYS
AN OVERVIEW ON GEV-TEV GAMMA RAY
ASTRONOMY: PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE .................................................. 173
V. Fonseca
ix
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF AFTERGLOWS
OF GAMMA RAY BURSTS ............................................................................ 191
R. Cowsik
SEARCHES FOR TEV y-RA Y EMISSION WITH
THE HEGRA CHERENKOV TELESCOPES ................................................. 203
N. Gotting, F. Lucarelli and M. TIuczykont
for the HEGRA Collaboration
VARIABLES GAMMA RAY SOURCES, 1: INTERACTIONS OF
FLARE ENERGETIC PARTICLES WITH SOLAR AND
STELLAR WINDS ............................................................................................ 219
Lev I. Dorman
VARIABLE GAMMA RAY SOURCES,2: INTERACTIONS OF
GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS WITH SOLAR AND STELLAR
WINDS ............................................................................................................... 231
Lev I. Dorman
COMETS AS X-RAY OBJECTS ................................................................................ 245
S.Ibadov
V. COSMIC RAY PARTICLES
COSMIC RAY ORIGIN: GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................... 251
V. S. Ptuskin
GALACTIC COSMIC RAY COMPOSITION: FROM THE
ANOMALOUS COMPONENT TO THE KNEE ............................................ 263
M. I. Panasyuk
LOW ENERGY COSMIC RAY NUCLEI AND THEIR
PROPAGATION IN THE GALAXY ............................................................... 275
M. Giller
REACCELERAT ION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS: SECONDARY
ELECTRON CAPTURE ISOTOPES MEASURED BY THE
COSMIC RAY ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER ................................................ 305
S. M. Niebur
THE ASTROPHYSICS OF ULTRA-HEAVY GALACTIC COSMIC
RAYS (AND HOW WE CAN DETECT THEM) ........................................... 311
J. T. Link
x
EAS: N~ - NeMEASUREMENTS WITH THEEAS-TOP ARRAY ........................ 317
S. Valchierotti for the EAS-TOP Collaboration
L3+COSMICS: AN ATMOSPHERIC MUON EXPERIMENT AT CERN ............. 325
T. Chiarusi for the L3 Collaboration
VI. FUTURE PROSPECTS
NUCLEAR PALEOASTROPHYSICS: PROSPECTS
AND PERSPECTIVES ...................................................................................... 331
G. Kocharov, P. Damon, H. Jungner, I. Koudriavtsev
and M. Ogurtsov
H.E.S.S. - THE HIGH ENERGY STEREOSCOPIC SYSTEM ................................ 345
1. Jung
DEVELOPMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV DETECTORS
AT MILAGRO ......... ;. ........................................................................................ 349
R. Atkins for the W ACT Collaboration
NEMO: NEUTRINO MEDITERRANEAN OBSERVATORY ................................ 355
G. Riccobene
SUBJECT INDEX ....................................................................................................... 363
PARTICIPANTS ......................................................................................................... 369
PREFACE
This volume is devoted to the NATO Advanced Study Institute which took place at
the Ettore Majorana Centre in Erice, Italy from November 11 to 21,2000. This was
also the 12th Course of the International School of Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics and
was combined with the International School of Particle Astrophysics. The course,
"Astrophysical Sources of High-Energy Particles & Radiation", was dedicated in
memory of one of its eminent charter lecturers, David N. Schramm. At the time of
his untimely death in an airplane accident, Prof. Schramm had been serving as vice
president for research at the University of Chicago, while pursuing his creative
endeavors in astrophysics and cosmology.
From its inception in 1977, the School has aimed to provide its student
scientists with knowledge and insight that would enhance their contributions to
science --and especially to high energy astrophysics. It also provides a forum for
all participants to exchange ideas and explore models which may promote progress
in their fields of research. The contents of this volume reflect the multidisciplinary
character of the program.
Among the highlights of this program were: new views of the X-ray sky
revealed by the Chandra and XMM space observatories; detailed presentations of the
roles of Supernovae and Active Galactic Nuclei in energetic processes; a new project
for studies of the highest-energy cosmic rays, i.e., the Extreme Universe Space
Observatory; new results from the Hubble Telescope; theories of the nature and
origin of gamma-ray bursts; the enigma of dark matter; and neutrinos and their
possible oscillations. In addition, an evening session was devoted to the life and
career of Prof. David N. Schramm.
Shortly before the institute convened the world of cosmic-ray physics lost one
of its illustrious leaders, John A. Simpson, of the University of Chicago. A special
session was held to commemorate Prof. Simpson's contributions to cosmic-ray and
heliospheric science.
The twelfth course was among the best attended in the 23-year history of the
School; over 100 participants came from 22 countries. J. P. Wefel of Louisiana State
University and V. Ptuskin, IZMIRAN, Moscow were the NATO Co-directors
primarily responsible for organizing the course, under the general supervision of the
School's Director, Prof. M. M. Shapiro of the University of Maryland. Prof.:T.
Stanev of the Bartol Research Institute in Delaware, and Prof. P. Galeotti of the
University of Torino also provided direction and guidance.
The directors are grateful to Prof. A. Zichichi, founder and director of the
Majorana Centre in Erice, Italy for providing the infrastructure and support for this
ASI. Ms. Maria Zaini and Ms. Fiorella Ruggio have given essential administrative
support, and Mr. P. Aceto has also been helpful. Without the help of NATO's
Division of Scientific Affairs, and the contributions of some generous donors, this
Course would not have prospered. In particular we thank the NATO Science
Committee members and acknowledge the wise support of Dr. F. Pedrazzini, director
of NATO's ASI Program.
Maurice M. Shapiro
Xl