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Association and Auditory Cortices PDF

366 Pages·1985·17.229 MB·English
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CEREBRAL CORTEX Volume 4 Association and Auditory Cortices CEREBRAL CORTEX Edited by Edward G. Jones and Alan Peters Advisory Committee J. C. Eccles, Contra, Switzerland E. V. Evarts, Bethesda, Maryland N. Geschwind, Boston, Massachusetts V. B. Mountcastle, Baltimore, Maryland W. J. H. Nauta, Cambridge, Massachusetts S. L. Palay, Boston, Massachusetts F. Plum, New York, New York Volume 1: Cellular Components of the Cerebral Cortex Volume 2: Functional Properties of Cortical Cells Volume 3: Visual Cortex Volume 4: Association and Auditory Cortices Volume 5: Sensory-Motor Areas and Aspects of Cortical Connectivity CEREB CORTEX Volume 4 Association and Auditory Cortices Edited by ALAN PETERS Baston University School of Medicine Baston, Massachusetts and EDWARD G. JONES California College oj Medicine University of California, Irvine Irvine, California Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Dat a Main entry under title: Cerebral cortex. Vol. 2, edited by Edward G. Jones and Alan Peters. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Contents: v. 1. Cellular components of the cerebral cortex —v. 2. Functional properties of cortial cells —[etc.]— v. 4. Association and auditory cortices. 1. Cerebral cortex —Collected works. I. Peters, Alan, 1929- . II. Jones, Edward G., 1939- [DNLM: 1. Cerebral Cortex —anatomy and histology. 2. Cerebral Cortex-physiology. WL 307 C4136] QP383.C45 1984 612'.825 84-1982 ISBN 978-1-4757-9621-6 ISBN 978-1-4757-9621-6 ISBN 978-1-4757-9619-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9619-3 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1985 Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1985 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1985 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitte d in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher This volume is dedicated to the memory of a dear friend, Dr. Norman Geschwind (1926-1984), who at the time of his death was James Jackson Putnam Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical Schoo!. We were lucky enough to have Norman agree to serve on the Advisory Committee for this treatise, and he served us well, for he could always be relied upon to recommend the names of potential authors and to give an ac count of what he considered to be their strengths and weaknesses. This reflected one of Norman's greatest strengths: his ability to analyze and to consider broad issues. This ability placed him in a special category of neuroscientists, for it allowed him to syn thesize information which changed many views about the functional architecture of the brain, the specialized talents of the two cerebral hemispheres, and the anatomical sub strates for language and its dysfunction. It is fitting that four of the authors in the pre sent volume-Drs. Pandya, Vogt, Mesulam, and Mufson-have at some time worked directly with Norman Geschwind and have benefited from his insight into cortical functions, and that the chapter by Seldon makes reference to the work of Norman Geschwind on the asymmetry of the planum temporale. Contributors John F. Brugge Department of Neurophysiology and Waisman Center on Mental Retardation and Human Development, Uni versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 Irving T. Diamond Departments of Psychology and Anatomy, Duke Uni versity, Durham, North Carolina 27706 David Fitzpatrick Departments of Psychology and Anatomy, Duke Uni versity, Durham, North Carolina 27706 Joaquin M. Fuster Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, Los An geles, California 90024 M.-Marsel Mesulam Bullard and Denny-Brown Laboratories and Behav ioral Neurology Section, Neurology Department, Har vard University, and Charles A. Dana Research Insti tute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Elliott J. Mufson Bullard and Denny-Brown Laboratories and Behav ioral Neurology Section, Neurology Department, Har vard University, and Charles A. Dana Research Insti tute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Deepak N. Pandya Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730; and Departments of Anatomy and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Harvard Neurological Unit, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Richard A. Reale Department of Neurophysiology and Waisman Center on Mental Retardation and Human Development, Uni versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 vii viii H. Lee Seldon Physiology Institute, Free University of Berlin, D-I000 Berlin 33, Federal Republic of Germany CONTRIBUTORS James M. Sprague Department of Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Brent Alan V ogt Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Boston Uni versity School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 I. C. Whitfield Neurocommunications Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B 15 2TJ, England. Present address: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engi neering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B 15 2TT, England Edward H. Yeterian Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901 Preface This volume deals with some of the association areas of the cerebral cortex and with the auditory cortex. In the first chapter, by Deepak Pandya and Edward Yeterian, the general architectural features and connections of cortical associ ation areas are considered; as these authors point out, in primates the association areas take up a considerable portion of the total cortical surface. Indeed, it is the development of the association areas that accounts for the greatest differ ences between the brains of primate and non primate species, and these areas have long been viewed as crucial in the formation of higher cognitive and be havioral functions. In the following chapter, Irving Diamond, David Fitzpatrick, and James Sprague consider the question of whether the functions of the as sociation areas depend on projections from the sensory areas of the cortex. They use the visual cortex to examine this question and show that there is a great deal of difference between species in the amount of dependence, the differences being paralleled by variations in the manner in which the geniculate and pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus project to the striate and extras triate cortical areas. One of the more interesting and perhaps least understood of the association areas is the cingulate cortex, discussed by Brent Vogt. Cingulate cortex has been linked with emotion and with affective responses to pain, and in his chapter Vogt gives an account of its cytoarchitecture, connections, and functions. The chapter on prefrontal cortex by Joaquin Fuster considers an association area in a different light and puts forward the hypothesis that the principal and most characteristic function of the prefrontal cortex is the temporal organization of behavior. In the next contribution, Marsel Mesulam and Elliott Mufson describe the extensive connections of the insula with other portions of the cerebral hemisphere and with the thalamus, and they discuss how these connections might account for some of the possible functions of the insula. Of the chapters dealing with auditory cortex, the first one is by John Brugge and Richard Reale, and it deals with the disposition of the various auditory cortical fields in cat and monkey. These authors describe the response properties ix x of single auditory neurons, before going on to discuss the functions of the auditory fields and their connections. Next is an account of the neuronal struc PREFACE ture and connections of human auditory cortex given by H. Lee Seldon, who considers the role of this cortex in speech and the differences between right and left temporal fields. In the last chapter, I. C. Whitfield gives an analysis of the role of auditory cortex in behavior and discrimination. We wish to thank the contributors to this volume for their cooperation and the time they have spent to produce such scholarly contributions. The staff of Plenum Press has clearly made every effort to ensure that their contributions are presented as well as possible, and we are grateful to them for maintaining such high standards in the production of this treatise. In particular we thank Kirk Jensen, Senior Editor for Life Sciences, and Peter Strupp, Assistant Man aging Editor. The development of this work would not of course have been possible without advice from our editorial board members, to one of whom, Norman Geschwind, this volume is dedicated. After his untimely death, Norman is sorely missed. Alan Peters Edward G. Jones Boston and Irvine

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