Association and Auditory Cortices

366 Pages·1985·17.229 MB·English

by  Deepak N. Pandya, Edward H. Yeterian (auth.), Alan Peters, Edward G. Jones (eds.)

CEREBRAL
CORTEX
Volume 4
Association and
Auditory Cortices
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Edited by Edward G. Jones and Alan Peters
Advisory Committee
J. C. Eccles, Contra, Switzerland
E. V. Evarts, Bethesda, Maryland
N. Geschwind, Boston, Massachusetts
V. B. Mountcastle, Baltimore, Maryland
W. J. H. Nauta, Cambridge, Massachusetts
S. L. Palay, Boston, Massachusetts
F. Plum, New York, New York
Volume 1: Cellular Components of the Cerebral Cortex
Volume 2: Functional Properties of Cortical Cells
Volume 3: Visual Cortex
Volume 4: Association and Auditory Cortices
Volume 5: Sensory-Motor Areas and Aspects of Cortical Connectivity
CEREB
CORTEX
Volume 4
Association and
Auditory Cortices
Edited by
ALAN PETERS
Baston University School of Medicine
Baston, Massachusetts
and
EDWARD G. JONES
California College oj Medicine
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Dat a
Main entry under title:
Cerebral cortex.
Vol. 2, edited by Edward G. Jones and Alan Peters.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Cellular components of the cerebral cortex —v. 2. Functional
properties of cortial cells —[etc.]— v. 4. Association and auditory cortices.
1. Cerebral cortex —Collected works. I. Peters, Alan, 1929- . II. Jones,
Edward G., 1939- [DNLM: 1. Cerebral Cortex —anatomy and histology.
2. Cerebral Cortex-physiology. WL 307 C4136]
QP383.C45 1984 612'.825 84-1982
ISBN 978-1-4757-9621-6
ISBN 978-1-4757-9621-6 ISBN 978-1-4757-9619-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9619-3
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1985
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1985
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1985
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitte d
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
This volume is dedicated to the memory of a dear friend, Dr. Norman Geschwind
(1926-1984), who at the time of his death was James Jackson Putnam Professor of
Neurology at Harvard Medical Schoo!. We were lucky enough to have Norman agree
to serve on the Advisory Committee for this treatise, and he served us well, for he could
always be relied upon to recommend the names of potential authors and to give an ac
count of what he considered to be their strengths and weaknesses. This reflected one of
Norman's greatest strengths: his ability to analyze and to consider broad issues. This
ability placed him in a special category of neuroscientists, for it allowed him to syn
thesize information which changed many views about the functional architecture of the
brain, the specialized talents of the two cerebral hemispheres, and the anatomical sub
strates for language and its dysfunction. It is fitting that four of the authors in the pre
sent volume-Drs. Pandya, Vogt, Mesulam, and Mufson-have at some time worked
directly with Norman Geschwind and have benefited from his insight into cortical
functions, and that the chapter by Seldon makes reference to the work of Norman
Geschwind on the asymmetry of the planum temporale.
Contributors
John F. Brugge Department of Neurophysiology and Waisman Center
on Mental Retardation and Human Development, Uni
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
Irving T. Diamond Departments of Psychology and Anatomy, Duke Uni
versity, Durham, North Carolina 27706
David Fitzpatrick Departments of Psychology and Anatomy, Duke Uni
versity, Durham, North Carolina 27706
Joaquin M. Fuster Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute,
University of California School of Medicine, Los An
geles, California 90024
M.-Marsel Mesulam Bullard and Denny-Brown Laboratories and Behav
ioral Neurology Section, Neurology Department, Har
vard University, and Charles A. Dana Research Insti
tute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Elliott J. Mufson Bullard and Denny-Brown Laboratories and Behav
ioral Neurology Section, Neurology Department, Har
vard University, and Charles A. Dana Research Insti
tute, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Deepak N. Pandya Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital,
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730; and Departments of
Anatomy and Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine and Harvard Neurological Unit, Beth Israel
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Richard A. Reale Department of Neurophysiology and Waisman Center
on Mental Retardation and Human Development, Uni
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
vii
viii H. Lee Seldon Physiology Institute, Free University of Berlin, D-I000
Berlin 33, Federal Republic of Germany
CONTRIBUTORS
James M. Sprague Department of Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Brent Alan V ogt Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, Boston Uni
versity School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
I. C. Whitfield Neurocommunications Research Unit, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham B 15 2TJ, England. Present
address: Department of Electronic and Electrical Engi
neering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B 15
2TT, England
Edward H. Yeterian Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville,
Maine 04901
Preface
This volume deals with some of the association areas of the cerebral cortex and
with the auditory cortex. In the first chapter, by Deepak Pandya and Edward
Yeterian, the general architectural features and connections of cortical associ
ation areas are considered; as these authors point out, in primates the association
areas take up a considerable portion of the total cortical surface. Indeed, it is
the development of the association areas that accounts for the greatest differ
ences between the brains of primate and non primate species, and these areas
have long been viewed as crucial in the formation of higher cognitive and be
havioral functions. In the following chapter, Irving Diamond, David Fitzpatrick,
and James Sprague consider the question of whether the functions of the as
sociation areas depend on projections from the sensory areas of the cortex. They
use the visual cortex to examine this question and show that there is a great deal
of difference between species in the amount of dependence, the differences
being paralleled by variations in the manner in which the geniculate and pulvinar
nuclei of the thalamus project to the striate and extras triate cortical areas. One
of the more interesting and perhaps least understood of the association areas is
the cingulate cortex, discussed by Brent Vogt. Cingulate cortex has been linked
with emotion and with affective responses to pain, and in his chapter Vogt gives
an account of its cytoarchitecture, connections, and functions. The chapter on
prefrontal cortex by Joaquin Fuster considers an association area in a different
light and puts forward the hypothesis that the principal and most characteristic
function of the prefrontal cortex is the temporal organization of behavior. In
the next contribution, Marsel Mesulam and Elliott Mufson describe the extensive
connections of the insula with other portions of the cerebral hemisphere and
with the thalamus, and they discuss how these connections might account for
some of the possible functions of the insula.
Of the chapters dealing with auditory cortex, the first one is by John Brugge
and Richard Reale, and it deals with the disposition of the various auditory
cortical fields in cat and monkey. These authors describe the response properties
ix
x of single auditory neurons, before going on to discuss the functions of the
auditory fields and their connections. Next is an account of the neuronal struc
PREFACE
ture and connections of human auditory cortex given by H. Lee Seldon, who
considers the role of this cortex in speech and the differences between right and
left temporal fields. In the last chapter, I. C. Whitfield gives an analysis of the
role of auditory cortex in behavior and discrimination.
We wish to thank the contributors to this volume for their cooperation and
the time they have spent to produce such scholarly contributions. The staff of
Plenum Press has clearly made every effort to ensure that their contributions
are presented as well as possible, and we are grateful to them for maintaining
such high standards in the production of this treatise. In particular we thank
Kirk Jensen, Senior Editor for Life Sciences, and Peter Strupp, Assistant Man
aging Editor.
The development of this work would not of course have been possible
without advice from our editorial board members, to one of whom, Norman
Geschwind, this volume is dedicated. After his untimely death, Norman is sorely
missed.
Alan Peters
Edward G. Jones
Boston and Irvine