arun kumar

63 Pages·2017·0.8 MB·English

ECONOMICS OF LARGE SCALE POULTRY PRODUCTION
IN SEHORE DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH

THESIS

Submitted to the

Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya
( In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of )

MASTER OF SCIENCE
In
AGRICULTURE

(AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT)

By

ARUN KUMAR

Department of Agricultural Economics & Farm Management
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior
R.A.K. College of Agriculture
Sehore (M.P.)

2017
CERTIFICATE-I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “ECONOMICS OF LARGE SCALE
POULTRY PRODUCTION IN SEHORE DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH”
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF
SCIENCE/DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Agriculture Economics & Farm
Management of Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior is a
record of the bona-side research work carried out by Mr. Arun Kumar under my
guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by the
student’s Advisory Committee and the Director of Instruction.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma or
has been published. All the assistance and help received during the course of this
investigation has been acknowledged by scholar.

Signature
Place:
Date: (Dr. P.S. Raghuwanshi)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee
MEMBERS OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(Chairman) Dr. P.S. Raghuwanshi ………………………...

(Member) Dr S.N. Soni ………………………...

(Member) Dr. K.N.Pathak ………………………...
CERTIFICATE-II
This is to certify that thesis entitled “ECONOMICS OF LARGE SCALE
POULTRY PRODUCTION IN SEHORE DISTRICT OF MADHYA PRADESH”
submitted by Mr. Arun Kumar to the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa
Vidyalaya, Gwalior in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Science in Agriculture in the Department of Agriculture Economics & Farm
Management has been accepted after evaluation by the External Examiner and
approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee after an Oral examination on the
same.

Signature
Place:
Date: (Dr. P.S. Raghuwanshi)

Chairman of the Advisory Committee
MEMBERS OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(Chairman) Dr. P.S. Raghuwanshi ………………………...

(Member) Dr S.N. Soni ………………………...

(Member) Dr. K.N.Pathak ………………………...

Head of the Department: ………………………………………………………………

Dean of the College: .……………………………………………………………………

Director of Instructions: ………………………………………………………………..
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Almighty God for giving me this opportunity to express my heartfelt
gratitude to all the dedicated people whose support and kind co-operation
encouraged me during the course of investigation. I avail this opportunity to express
my deep sense of gratitude to my guide and Chairman of the Advisory Committee,
Dr.P.S.Raghuwanshi, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm
Management, Sehore for his inspiring guidance, untiring interest, immense labour,
thought provoking comments, constructive criticism, constant encouragement and
generous help throughout the course of investigation and the course of writing this
manuscript.
I am deeply obliged to all the members of my Advisory Committee, namely,
Dr.S.N.Soni, Head Of Department and Professor, Department of Agricultural
Economics and Dr.K.N.Pathak, Professor, Department Extension Education,
R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore. I also express my deep sense of gratitude to
Dr.P.K.Malviya, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm
Management, Sehore for their valuable guidance.
I am also thankful to Dr.A.K.Singh Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, RVSKVV,
Gwalior, Dr.B.S.Baghel, Director of Instruction, RVSKVV, Gwalior and
Dr.Rajesh Verma, Dean R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore for providing
me the necessary facilities during the studies.
I feel short of words to express my gratitude to my parents Shri.Ramnivas
Yadav, Mother Smt. Gyani Bai Yadav, Brother name Arvind Yadav Sisters Sangeeta
and Papita Yadav for their utmost co-operation, love and encouragement during the
course of this work. I am also thankful to Friends Nand kishore, Vimal Arun
Durgesh, Hemraj, Vivek and Narendra.
Last, but not least, my grateful thanks are due to all the respondents for the
study and staff of R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore of their co-operation during
thesis work.

Place : Sehore
Date : / / (Arun Kumar)
CONTENTS

S.NO. TITLE PAGES

1 INTRODUCTION 1 - 5

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 - 16

3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 17 - 23

4 RESULTS 24 - 37

5 DISCUSSION 38 - 40

6 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 41 - 47

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 48 - 50

APPENDIX i - iv

VITA
Page.
S.No Title
No.
Distribution of poultry growers as per their age and
4.1 25
education levels.
Distribution of poultry growers as per their strength of
4.2 26
family.
4.3 Strength of the sample poultry unit by different scale. 27
4.4 Cost structure on fixed assets in poultry production. 29
4.5 Cost structure on variable inputs of poultry production. 31
4.6 Cost structure (fixed and variable) of poultry production. 34
4.7 Return structure realized from poultry enterprise. 34
4.8 Receipts from poultry products and their profitability. 35
Constraints in poultry production perceived by poultry
4.9 36
growers.
4.10 Suggestions for enhancing the poultry enterprise. 37
S.No Title Page.No.
Distribution of poultry growers as per their age and
4.1 25-26
education levels.
Distribution of poultry growers as per their strength of
4.2 26-27
family.
INTRODUCTION
India is known as agriculturist country because its maximum population is
depends upon agricultural activities for their livelihood. Now, the operational holding
is become uneconomic and small due to fragmentation and subdivision. Agriculture
is beset with the disadvantage of small holdings. On the other hand, only limited area
of the total reported area is available for cultivation. Out of this area, net area sown
and gross cropped area are not economic viable due to so many natural,
technological and socio economic problems in certain areas. There is only limited
possibility of mechanized and technologically sound farming due to predominance of
small holdings. Despite all these difficulties, the marginal and small farmers are
persistently trying to exploit the agricultural potential to increase food production and
also to supplement the income by adoption of other allied agriculture activities with
crop production. Livestock productions including poultry farming, fisheries are found
to common in many parts of the India.
India is one of the most important livestock-rearing countries, with a large
population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and other species of livestock including
poultry farming. The country has 1/6th of the world’s cattle and about 1/2nd of the
world’s buffalo population. India ranks sixth terms of sheep and goat population. The
pig population is about 12.79 million. The improved layer bird population is around
104 million. The poultry enterprise in India represents a major success story. What
was largely a backyard venture before the 1960s has been transformed into a vibrant
agribusiness with an annual turnover of Rs 30000 crores. Today, India is the third
largest egg producer in the world (after China and the United States of America), and
the nineteenth largest broiler producer. Poultry is today the major source of meat in
India. Its share in total meat consumption is 28 per cent, as against 14 per cent in 10
years ago. (Mehta and Nambiar (2010)).
Madhya Pradesh is one of the developing state in India, where most of the
area are found to predominated by tribal population. The tribal population and the
farmers in backward areas are keeping the poultry as subsidiary occupation from
long time. The production and market context of poultry production has been
changing rapidly over the last two decades in Madhya Pradesh. Rapid economic
growth and urbanization has resulted in fast expansion of industrial, large-scale,
vertically integrated, poultry production, especially in near by cities. Opportunities
have also expanded for small-scale as well as commercial poultry enterprises due to
improved market access and infrastructure, and a preference structure that may still
favour free range birds and eggs. As a result, there has been increased market
orientation even among small-scale poultry enterprises. These changes have
brought large and small production systems into overlapping competitive space
which has created both challenges and opportunities.
The poultry enterprise in India as well as in Madhya Pradesh is the most
rapidly growing segment of the agricultural sector. The enterprise is concerned with
the production of eggs and meat. The poultry constitutes an important item of
livestock/animal-husbandry sector of India. The enterprise provides employment
throughout the year on an even basis. The ability to adapt to various areas with
varied agro-climatic conditions, low investment and short gestation period are the
most attractive features of the poultry enterprise. The development of the enterprise,
through the application of modern science and technology, has a significant
contribution in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses.
In India, the growth of poultry enterprise has been quite uneven, from state to
state. Moreover, there is wide variation in the production and consumption pattern of
various states. In the state of Madhya Pradesh, the poultry enterprise has witnessed
significant growth recently. The higher demand of egg, poultry meat, technical and
infrastructure facilities with ideal agro-climatic conditions are the major factors for
significantly change as progressive poultry farming system. One of the features of
development of poultry in state is the in the development of cities and industry.
Poultry enterprise in particular received greater importance during the
planning phase of the country also. Various agencies initiated production of poultry
on commercial line. The greater impact was seen around the thickly populated towns
and cities where the demand for eggs in particular raised with increased level of
income of the services class. Considering the demand for eggs, it comes to more
than 100 billion eggs based on intake of half eggs per person per day, as per the
recommendations by the Nutritional Advisory Committee of the Government of India.
As against this, the current level of egg production is less than 10 per cent of the
estimated potential demand. The per capita annual availability of eggs in India was
15 eggs as compared to 200-250 eggs in many development countries of the world.
The poultry enterprise in India has a special significance in the light of its
agricultural conditions. A large number of farmers own very small land holding and
hence, poultry can play a great role in supplementing their low income. At the same
time, there is considerable underemployment and unemployment and farmers have
long durations when they have no substantial work on their farm, particularly women
and children.
Poultry enterprise requires small space and less investment as compared to
dairy and other such enterprises which can be combined with agriculture. This, why
poultry is being give more importance in the country.
Usually, poultry is criticized as a competitor to human food resources. The
main energy sources maize, jowar comprises approximately 30 per cent of the layer
ration. A hen which eats 42 kg feed in its life produces 12 kg vitamins rich,
mineralized protein. That means 12.6 kg maize i.e. 30 per cent of 42 kg will be
required to produce 12.00 kg egg protein. The other constituent in poultry ration are
industrial by-products.
One gets a profit much sooner from poultry than from many other farm
products. Financial returns may be expected from broilers in 8 to 10 weeks. From a
white Leghorn flock, one should start to get eggs in five months.
Poultry lends itself to rapid expansion in a short time, because one hen is
capable of laying 180 to 230 eggs a year. Let us assume that we get an even
distribution of sexes and a 75 per cent hatch from a hen laying 200 eggs, out of
which we hatch 75 female chicks. Within another six months, these pullet chicks are
laying and the numbers of chicks during the next year double to 150 female chicks
from the one original hen. Compare this with other farm produced.
With all these merits of poultry enterprise in India, the enterprise is yet to grow
satisfactory. Poultry and eggs provide the important source of agricultural income to
farmers in our country. With these aims the Department of Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry has initiated a number of poultry projects around the cities in
collaboration with Government of India. In the state main emphasis was laid on
keeping improved breed of hens for the purpose of egg and flesh. Finance and
subsidies has been provided to large number of poultry growers by Government in
rural and semi urban areas to start poultry farming.