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Advanced Technologies and Societal Change Lalit Garg Sebastian Basterrech Chitresh Banerjee Tarun K. Sharma Editors Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Advanced Technologies and Societal Change SeriesEditors AmitKumar,BioaxisDNAResearchCentre(P)Ltd,Hyderabad,Telangana,India PonnuthuraiNagaratnamSuganthan,SchoolofEEE,NanyangTechnological University,Singapore,Singapore This series covers monographs, both authored and edited, conference proceed- ingsandnovelengineeringliteraturerelatedtotechnologyenabledsolutionsinthe areaofHumanitarianandPhilanthropicempowerment.Theseriesincludessustain- able humanitarian research outcomes, engineering innovations, material related to sustainableandlastingimpactonhealthrelatedchallenges,technologyenabledsolu- tionstofightdisasters,improvequalityoflifeandunderservedcommunitysolutions broadly.Impactfulsolutionsfittobescaled,researchsociallyfittobeadoptedand focusedcommunitieswithrehabilitationrelatedtechnologicaloutcomesgetaplace in this series. The series also publishes proceedings from reputed engineering and technologyconferencesrelatedtosolar,water,electricity,greenenergy,socialtech- nologicalimplicationsandagriculturalsolutionsapartfromhumanitariantechnology andhumancentriccommunitybasedsolutions. Major areas of submission/contribution into this series include, but not limited to: Humanitarian solutions enabled by green technologies, medical technology, photonicstechnology,artificialintelligenceandmachinelearningapproaches,IOT based solutions, smart manufacturing solutions, smart industrial electronics, smart hospitals,roboticsenabledengineeringsolutions,spectroscopybasedsolutionsand sensortechnology,smartvillages,smartagriculture,anyothertechnologyfulfilling Humanitariancauseandlowcostsolutionstoimprovequalityoflife. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/10038 · · Lalit Garg Sebastian Basterrech · Chitresh Banerjee Tarun K. Sharma Editors Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Editors LalitGarg SebastianBasterrech InformationandCommunication FacultyofElectricalEngineering Technology andComputerScience UniversityofMalta VSB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava Msida,Malta Ostrava,CzechRepublic ChitreshBanerjee TarunK.Sharma AmityInstituteofInformationTechnology DepartmentofComputerScience AmityUniversityRajasthan ShobhitUniversityGangoh Jaipur,Rajasthan,India Gangoh,India ISSN2191-6853 ISSN2191-6861 (electronic) AdvancedTechnologiesandSocietalChange ISBN978-981-16-6264-5 ISBN978-981-16-6265-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6265-2 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface This book highlights the analytics and optimization issues in healthcare systems, proposesnewapproaches,andpresentsapplicationsofinnovativeapproachesinreal facilities. In the past few decades, there has been an exponential rise in the appli- cation of artificial intelligence for solving complex and intricate problems arising in healthcare. The versatility of these techniques has made them a favorite among scientistsandresearchersworkingindiverseareas. Thepresentbookincludesonlyninechaptershavingtheapplicationsofintelligent algorithmsinhealthcare. The first chapter by Malhan et al. addressed the current challenging problem of COVID-19. This chapter focuses on collecting unstructured data from Twitter, presentintweetsandextractopinionsincludingsentimentsofpeoplefromallover theworld,andapplyingamachinelearningmodeltotestthevalidityofSentiments. In addition to the Sentiment Analysis, this research also provides the Geo-spatial analysis using Python, demonstrating the countries from where the outbreak and lockdownaffectedlivesaswellastherisingnumberofresponsestothepandemic that were expressed country-wise via Twitter. In the chapter “A Particle Swarm OptimizationBasedANNPredictiveModelforStatisticalDetectionofCOVID-19”, Rajpootetal.proposedaParticleSwarmOptimization-basedANNPredictiveModel forStatisticalDetectionofCOVID-19.Intheproposedmodel,theParticleSwarm Optimization technique is used to train the Artificial Neural Network and later on usedtodetectwhetherapatienthasCOVID-19ornot.Theperformanceofthemodel isevaluatedbasedonrecall,accuracy,precision,andAUCparameters.Inthechapter “Identifying Malignancy of Lung Cancer Using Deep Learning Concepts”, Kanna etal.dealswithidentifyingifatumorpresentinthelungisbenign,unsure,ormalig- nantusingDeepLearningconceptsonadatasetwithCT,PETscansofthelungsof patients.Thefocusofthestudyistoworkarounddetectingthetypeoftumorand improve the efficiency in identifying unsure or pre-malignant tumors using VGG- 16 neural frameworks on the LIDC-IDRI dataset. In the chapter “Protecting ECG SignalswithHybridSwarmIntelligenceAlgorithm”,Kiraretal.presentedascheme toprotectbiomedicaldataontheInternet.Aproperschemeisrequiredforthesecu- rityofthebiomedicaldata,ignoringthemedicaldatasecuritycancauseseriousharm v vi Preface to the patient data. In their study, the authors tried to resolve the issue of medical data security by using a PSO (particle swarm optimization)-based watermarking mechanism. In the next chapter “Human Eye Vision Algorithm (HEVA): A Novel ApproachfortheOptimizationofCombinatorialProblems”,Panwaretal.proposed analgorithmthatisbaseduponthepowerofhumaneyevisionforminimizingthe timeneededtoachievethebestsolutiontoacombinatorialoptimizationproblem.To improvetheattributepositioninaparticulardomaintoreachtheirtargetinafoggy climate,researchersusedthepopulation’svisualizationabilitytoseeawaytotraverse andgainadequateheuristicinformation.Thealgorithmisthenvalidatedandhasbeen empiricallyshowntoworkonHowardH.Rosen’shypothesis,whichwasformulated in1960.Inthechapter“AnalyticsandBigDataintheHealthDomain”,Balodietal. discussed deep learning and its applications for solving problems and overcoming thechallengesinthehealthcarefield.Inthechapter“PneumoniaPredictionUsing SwarmIntelligenceAlgorithms”,theauthorappliedacombinationofswarmintelli- gencealgorithmswhichisusedtodiagnosepneumoniafromapatient’sx-rayreport oflungsconditions.Fortheclassificationofthepneumoniadisease,afeed-forward neuralnetworkisfusedwithswarmintelligencealgorithms.Thechapter“Predictive AnalysisinHealthCareSystemUsingAI”proposesamulti-posefacialexpression recognition system. The proposed system has three components such as (i) image preprocessing,(ii)featureextraction,and(iii)classification.Duringimageprepro- cessing,fromtheinputbodysilhouetteimage,faciallandmarksdetectionhasbeen performed. Then using these landmark points, the rectangular-box face region is detected.Theperformanceoftheproposedsystemhasbeentestedononechallenging benchmarkfacialexpressiondatabasesuchasKarolinskadirectedemotionalfaces (KDEF)databaseandvalidatedwithstate-of-the-artmethods.Finally,inthechapter “ApplicationsofSwarmIntelligentandDeepLearningAlgorithmsforImage-Based CancerRecognition”,BhardwajandMittaldeliveredin-depthdetailsabouttheappli- cationsofdeeplearningandswarmintelligencealgorithmsforimage-basedcancer recognitionanddiagnosis. The book is edited to serve a broad readership, including computer scientists, medical professionals, and mathematicians interested in studying tools and tech- niquesforcomputationalintelligenceandapplicationsinhealthcare.Itwillalsobe helpfulforresearchers,graduate,andundergraduatestudentswithaninterestinthe fieldsofArtificialIntelligenceandHealthcare. Msida,Malta LalitGarg Ostrava,CzechRepublic SebastianBasterrech Jaipur,India ChitreshBanerjee Gangoh,India TarunK.Sharma Contents Geospatial Modelling and Trend Analysis of Coronavirus OutbreaksUsingSentimentAnalysisandIntelligentAlgorithms ....... 1 YashMalhan,SaketSaxena,ShuchiMala,andAchyutShankar AParticleSwarmOptimizationBasedANNPredictiveModel forStatisticalDetectionofCOVID-19 ............................... 21 ArpitaRajpoot,GarimaSaluja,NitimaMalsa,andVimalGupta IdentifyingMalignancyofLungCancerUsingDeepLearning Concepts ......................................................... 35 R.Angeline,S.NithishKanna,NiharikaG.Menon,andB.Ashwath ProtectingECGSignalswithHybridSwarmIntelligenceAlgorithm .... 47 AyushiKirar, SiddharthBhalerao, OmPrakashVerma, andIrshadAhmadAnsari Human Eye Vision Algorithm (HEVA): A Novel Approach fortheOptimizationofCombinatorialProblems ..................... 61 DeepakPanwar,G.L.Saini,andPankajAgarwal AnalyticsandBigDataintheHealthDomain ........................ 73 ArunBalodi,NehaMangla,ArchanaHombalimath,andH.T.Manjula PneumoniaPredictionUsingSwarmIntelligenceAlgorithms .......... 103 R.S.M.LakshmiPatibandla,V.SeshaSrinivas,B.TarakeswaraRao, andM.RamakrishnaMurthy PredictiveAnalysisinHealthCareSystemUsingAI .................. 117 ReshuAgarwal ApplicationsofSwarmIntelligentandDeepLearningAlgorithms forImage-BasedCancerRecognition ................................ 133 TusharBhardwaj,RahulMittal,HimanshuUpadhyay,andLeonelLagos vii About the Editors Dr. Lalit Garg is an Information Technology innovator, academician, learner, teacher, developer, keynote speaker, consultant, and researcher with a demon- strated history of working in the higher education industry and an excellent research publication record. He is skilled in solving complex problems using machine learning, and data analytics, especially from the medicine and healthcare domain. Presently, he is a Senior Lecturer in Computer Information Systems at the University of Malta, Msida, Malta. He has published over 90 technical papers in refereed high-impact journals, conferences, and books. His research interest includes Modeling and simulation, Information systems, Operational research and forecasting, Health and social care modeling and missing data analysis, Biomed- ical computing, Neuroimaging, Metabolomics and personalized medicine, Knowl- edge discovery and data mining, E-learning, human–computer interaction, cloud computing,andpervasivecomputing. Dr. Sebastián Basterrech obtained the Ph.D. degree in Computer Sciences in November,2012fromtheUniversityofRennesI,Bretagne,France.During2009– 2012,hewasadoctoralstudentfellowofINRIA,France.HereceivedtheM.A.degree inComputerArts(“Artsettechnologiesnumériques”)attheUniversityofRennesII, Bretagne,France.Inaddition,hereceivedanM.Sc.degreeinAppliedMathematics in2008fromtheAix-Marseille.FromJune,2013untilDecember,2015,hehasbeen working as a postdoctoral researcher at the National Supercomputing Center and VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Currently, he is affiliated withtheDepartmentofComputerScience,FacultyofComputerSciencesandElec- tricalEngineering,VŠB-TechnicalUniversityofOstrava.Hismainresearchtopics belong to Neural computation, Human–Computer Interface, Dynamical Systems, andBio-inspiredmethods. Dr.ChitreshBanerjeeisaScienceGraduate(B.Sc.);heholdsaMaster’sDegreein ComputerScience(M.Tech.)andMaster’sDegreeinComputerApplications(MCA) withGNIIT(3years)programfromNIITLtd.HeisPh.D.CSfromPacificUniversity, Udaipur,Rajasthan,India.Hehasarichacademicexperienceofabout21+yearsin ix x AbouttheEditors thefieldofComputerApplications/Science/IT.HeiscurrentlyworkingasAssociate Professor,AmityInstituteofInformationTechnology,AmityUniversity,Jaipur.He haseditedtwobookswithAssetAnalytics,Springer.Hisresearchdomainincludes securityanalysis,nature-inspiredcomputing,andSoftwareEngineering. Dr.TarunK.Sharma isassociatedwithShobhitUniversity,Gangoh,Saharanpur asaProfessorandHeadofCSEandDean—SchoolofEngineeringandTechnology. Hehasover80researchpublicationsintheInternationalJournalandConferencesof repute.HeisafoundingmemberoftheInternationalConferenceonSoftComputing: TheoriesandApplications(SoCTASeries)andCongressonAdvancesinMaterials Science and Engineering (CAMSE). He has edited four volumes of Conference Proceedings published by the AISC series of Springer (SCOPUS) Publication and twoeditedbookswithAssetAnalytics,Springer.Thetwoconferenceproceedings (SoCTAandCAMSE)inAISCandLNMESpringerareinpress.Hismainresearch topics are nature/bio-inspired computing, software engineering, data science, and knowledgemining.