Artificial Intelligence in a Throughput Model-Some Major Algorithms PDF
Preview Artificial Intelligence in a Throughput Model-Some Major Algorithms
Artificial Intelligence in a Throughput Model Some Major Algorithms Waymond Rodgers Chair Professor, University of Hull, UK University of Texas El Paso, Texas, USA p, p, A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20200120 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-367-21781-5 (Hardback) Th is book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable eff orts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. Th e authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, includ- ing photocopying, microfi lming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profi t organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Preface “[Artificial Intelligence] is going to change the world more than anything in the history of mankind. More than electricity.” — AI oracle and venture capitalist Dr. Kai-Fu Lee, 2018 In 1964, Isaac Asimov envisioned the 2014 World’s Fair for The New York Times. He was correct about the smartphone, self-driving cars and the Keurig machine; however, he was not able to predict advanced battery technology and space colonization. Foresight is challenging, and is only becoming more and more so. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the next major disruptor in the way we live, learn, work and adopt to different situations. Disruptors represent a person, place or thing that prevents something, especially a system, process or event, from continuing as usual or as expected. Our houses, our cars, our toasters, all of seem to be teeming, even overflowing with intelligence, like some huge fungus gone amuck. Artificial Intelligence is here to stay, and society needs it, right now! Artificial Intelligence is changing the world each day. At one time, a domain of science fiction, today many of our systems are powered by Artificial Intelligence. The field of Artificial Intelligence has awed researchers and users alike. Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence of machines and a subset of computer science and cognitive science. Fundamental challenges of Artificial Intelligence embrace such features as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the capability to move and manipulate objects. This book addresses the promise of Artificial Intelligence that is enhancing our lives. Artificial Intelligence-based systems are now outshining medical specialists in diagnosing certain diseases. The implementation of Artificial Intelligence in the financial system is magnifying access to credit to borrowers whose loan applications were once rejected. In addition, automated hiring systems have the potential iv Artificial Intelligence in a Throughput Model: Some Major Algorithms to evaluate candidates on the basis of their authentic qualifications as opposed to characteristics such as age or appearance that oftentimes mislead decision makers from making the correct decision. One of the many advantages of utilizing Artificial Intelligence and machine learning is that it has the ability to ingest huge amounts of data, often in real-time. Further, it can take that data and begin to scrutinize it based upon organizational necessities, conditions and constraints. In addition, it can bring about those necessities, conditions and constraints based on the data an organization owns. Moreover, many physical and behavioral biometric technologies such as fingerprint, facial recognition, voice identification, etc., have enhanced the level of security substantially. Governments and corporates have embraced these technologies to increase customer satisfaction. Nevertheless, the current state of biometrics still faces challenges to lessen criminal and terrorist activities as well as other digital-based financial frauds. This is especially the case when individuals and organizations are faced with selecting the correct algorithm to a problem. To overcome this state of affairs, the market undertakes a host of research and development programmes to assimilate biometrics with artificial intelligence in decision- making modeling. The advanced software algorithm platform of Artificial Intelligence processes information offered by biometric technology to detect and prevent dubious activities in a bid to confront cyber and physical crimes in the global and local communities. This development has provided an expanded growth opportunity for the biometrics technology, given that the technology is set to increase the security and internal control operations many folds. This book provides an overview of the various Artificial Intelligence techniques, biometric technologies, decision-making algorithms and the subsequent market expansion opportunities. Further, it proposes a Throughput Model, which draws from computer science, economics and psychology to model perceptual, informational sources, judgmental processes and decision choice algorithms. This approach provides how huge data and biometrics might be implemented to reduce risks to individuals and organizations, especially when dealing with digital-based mediums. The book also examines the ethics behind Artificial Intelligence. That is, how machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning technology are positioned today for many individual and organizational uses, including self-driving cars, online recommendations, search engines, handwriting recognition, computer vision, online ad serving, pricing, prediction of equipment failure, credit scoring, fraud detection, Preface v OCR (optical character recognition), spam filtering, etc. Therefore, this book addresses ethical consideration directed at the growing ubiquity of machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning in organizations. This particular issue is essential in order to understand what and how to mitigate human cognitive biases and heuristics into Artificial Intelligence technology. Acknowledgements First and foremost, my thanks to the Almighty for His blessings throughout the course of my research work without which I would not have been able to complete this research successfully. I also acknowledge deeply all those who have helped me to put these ideas well above the level of simplicity into something concrete. Further, I would like to thank my students. Learning is a collaborative activity when it is happening at its best. We work together using each other’s strengths to build our own challenges, developing our thinking and problem solving skills. Therefore, the relationship we develop with our students at every age is one that is to be respected, nurtured and admired. Last but not the least, I shall be forever indebted to all those who have been with me throughout the course of this research but whose names I am not mentioning individually. Contents Preface iii Acknowledgements vi 1. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Biometrics Applications 1 2. Prelude to Artificial Intelligence: Decision-Making Techniques 34 3. Artificial Intelligence: Six Cognitive Driven Algorithms 58 4. Survey of Biometric Tools 77 5. Ethical Issues Addressed in Artificial Intelligence 113 6. Cyber Securities Issues: Fraud and Corruption 148 7. Artificial Intelligence and Biometrics Examples 175 8. Conclusions 199 Index 207 About the Author 211 Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group http://taylorandfrancis.com 1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Biometrics Applications Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. —John McCarthy, Father of Artificial intelligence “Man is only great when he acts from passion.” —Benjamin Disraeli (former Prime Minister of Britain) Artificial intelligence (AI) is here for stay. For individuals and organizations, Artificial Intelligence is a disruptor in the way we live, learn, work and adopt to different situations. Disruptors represent a person, place or thing that prevents something, especially a system, process, or event, from enduring as customary or as anticipated in the future. We are right in the midst of the information revolution. Although it is an extraordinary time and place to be in, there are caveats that come along with it. Having a machine tell you how long your commute will be, what music you should listen to, and what content you would likely engage with are all relatively innocuous examples. Artificial Intelligence is presently used as a tool to assist people. It is adopted as point solutions across a wide array of functions such as personal digital assistant, email filtering, search, fraud prevention, engineering, marketing models, digital distribution, video production, news generation, play and game-play analytics, customer service, financial reporting, marketing optimization, energy cost management, pricing, inventory, enterprise applications, etc. Artificial Intelligence is also integrated into biometrics tools such as iris recognition, voice recognition, facial recognition, content classification, gait, and natural language.
The list of books you might like
