Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Public Healthcare: Opportunities and Societal Impact PDF
Preview Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Public Healthcare: Opportunities and Societal Impact
SPRINGER BRIEFS IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY · COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE KC Santosh Loveleen Gaur Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Public Healthcare Opportunities and Societal Impact 123 SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology Computational Intelligence SeriesEditor JanuszKacprzyk,SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences, Warsaw,Poland SpringerBriefs in Computational Intelligence are a series of slim high-quality publications encompassing the entire spectrum of Computational Intelligence. Featuring compact volumes of 50 to 125 pages (approximately 20,000-45,000 words),Briefsareshorterthanaconventionalbookbutlongerthanajournalarticle. Thus Briefs serve as timely, concise tools for students, researchers, and professionals. Moreinformationaboutthissubseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/10618 · KC Santosh Loveleen Gaur Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Public Healthcare Opportunities and Societal Impact KCSantosh LoveleenGaur UniversityofSouthDakota AmityUniversity Vermillion,SD,USA Noida,India ISSN2191-530X ISSN2191-5318 (electronic) SpringerBriefsinAppliedSciencesandTechnology ISSN2625-3704 ISSN2625-3712 (electronic) SpringerBriefsinComputationalIntelligence ISBN978-981-16-6767-1 ISBN978-981-16-6768-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6768-8 ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Dedicationandmotivation Thisbookisdedicatedtoalltheresearchers, scientists,andhealthcareworkerswho workedtirelesslytocombatwithCOVID-19 pandemic. Thebookismotivatedbythefollowing statements: “Forhewhohashealthhashope;andhewho hashope,haseverything—ThomasCarlyle.” “Healthcareisvitaltoallofussomeofthe time,but publichealthisvitaltoallofusall ofthetime—C.EverettKoop.” “Thecareofpublichealthisthefirstdutyof thestatesman—BenjaminDisraeli” “Life’smostpersistentandurgentquestion is,‘Whatareyoudoingforothers?—Martin LutherKingJr.” “Soweneedtwothings:first,weneedways ofpredictinganddetectingdiseasewell beforeitbecomeslifethreatening;and second,weneedmedicinesthatworkforyou andyouruniquebody—PieterCullis.” “Thegoodorhealthysocietywouldthenbe definedasonethatpermittedpeople’shighest purposestoemergebysatisfyingalltheir basicneeds—AbrahamMaslow.” “We’reatthebeginning ofagoldenageof AI.Recentadvancementshavealreadyledto inventionthatpreviouslylivedintherealmof sciencefiction—andwe’veonlyscratchedthe surfaceofwhat’spossible—JeffBezos” “Ethicsisknowingthedifferencebetween whatyouhavetherighttodoandwhatis righttodo—PotterStewart” Foreword Iamincrediblyhonoredanddelightedtowriteaforewordforthishighlyinformative andtimelybookArtificialIntelligenceandMachineLearninginPublicHealthcare: Opportunities and Societal Impact. As an infectious disease physician intimately involved in COVID-19, tuberculosis, and HIV-related medical care, education and researchaswellDirectoroftheMayoClinicCenterforTuberculosis,aWorldHealth OrganizationCollaboratingCenterIndigitalhealthandprecisionmedicinefortuber- culosis,Ihaverealappreciationforthepotentialofartificialintelligenceandmachine learning to advance the objectives of public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has furtherhighlightedtheimportanceofmodernideas,freshplayers,newapproaches, andup-to-datetechnologiesinunderstanding,preventing,forecasting,andmanaging diseasesofpublichealthandglobalimportance.AsdifficultascopingwithCOVID- 19 has been and continues to be, I would like to think that it has united us with a singleagendaofbetterhealthandsafetyglobally. The authors have brilliantly covered opportunities, trends, concerns, and chal- lenges associated with the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into health- care.Thebookisaimedtoattractthosereaderswhoareinterestedinunderstanding the fundamental structure of AI as it relates healthcare. Healthcare professionals, medical scientists, and AI researchers in both academia and industry can benefit fromthisbook. vii viii Foreword InadditiontodescribingthecurrentlandscapeandfuturetrendsofAIinpublic health, this book will go a long way to advocate for the importance of integrating intelligenttoolsandtechniqueswithpublichealthforbetterandsustainablefuture.I heartilycongratulatetheauthorsforproducingsuchanexcellentworkamidstthese unprecedenteddifficulttimes. ZelalemTemesgen,MDFIDSA ProfessorofMedicine Director MayoClinicCenterforTuberculosis—AWorld HealthOrganization—CollaboratingCenterin DigitalHealthandPrecisionMedicine Director HIVProgram,DivisionofInfectiousDiseases MayoClinic Editor-in-Chief:JournalofClinicalTuberculosis andOtherMycobacterialDiseases Preface Publichealthrequiresspecialattentionasitdriveseconomyandeducationsystem. COVID-19isanexample—atrulyinfectiousdiseaseoutbreak.ThevisionofWHO istocreatepublichealthservicesthatcandealwithabove-mentionedcrucialchal- lengesbyfocusingonthefollowingelements:healthprotection,diseaseprevention, andhealthpromotion.Fortheseissues,inthebigdataanalyticsera,AI-drivenand Machine Learning (ML) tools and/or techniques have potential to improve public health (e.g. existing healthcare solutions and wellness services). In other words, they have proved to be valuable tools not only to analyze/diagnose pathology but alsotoacceleratedecision-makingprocedureespeciallywhenweconsiderresource- constrainedregions.Thisbookdiscussesandevaluatesactualandpotentialcontri- butions with AI and ML algorithms in dealing with challenges that are primarily related to public health. It also helps find ways in which we can measure possible consequencesandsocietalimpactsbytakingthefollowingfactorsintoaccount:open public health issues and common AI solutions (with multiple case studies such as TBandCOVID-19),AIinsustainablehealthcare,AIinprecisionmedicine,anddata privacyissues. Vermillion,USA KCSantosh Noida,India LoveleenGaur ix
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