ArtificialCognitiveSystems APrimer ArtificialCognitiveSystems APrimer DavidVernon TheMITPress Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England ©2014MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechani- calmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermission inwritingfromthepublisher. MITPressbooksmaybepurchasedatspecialquantitydiscountsforbusinessorsalespromotionaluse. Forinformation,[email protected]. ThisbookwassetinPalatinobytheauthorandwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Vernon,David,1958– Artificialcognitivesystems:aprimer/DavidVernon. p. cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-262-02838-7(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Cognition. 2.Brain. 3.Developmentpsychology. 4.Artificialintelligence. I.Title. BF311.V447 2014 153—dc23 2014013208 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ToKeelin,Ciana,andGeorgina— fornevergivinguponyourdreams “It’sapoorsortofmemorythatonlyworksbackwards.” LewisCarroll—ThroughtheLookingGlass Contents Preface xi Acknowledgements xv 1 TheNatureofCognition 1 2 ParadigmsofCognitiveScience 19 3 CognitiveArchitectures 63 4 Autonomy 85 5 Embodiment 113 6 DevelopmentandLearning 139 7 MemoryandProspection 155 8 KnowledgeandRepresentation 177 9 SocialCognition 197 References 215 Index 255