ARPA-E GENSETS Program

29 Pages·2015·1.44 MB·English

ARPA-E GENSETS Program
GENerators for Small Electrical and Thermal Systems
Ji-Cheng (JC) Zhao
Program Director
Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E)
U.S. Department of Energy
GENSETS Kickoff Meeting, October 21-22, Chicago
Meet the ARPA-E GENSETS team
Ji-Cheng (JC) Zhao John Tuttle Gokul Vishwanathan AnneMarie Lewis Aron Newman
Program Director Senior T2M Advisor Technical SETA Technical SETA Technical SETA
Jessica Kaplan Jennifer DeMagistris Cybil Redmond
Ashwin Salvi William Regan
Programmatic SETA Programmatic SETA Programmatic SETA
Fellow Former Fellow
Thank Bryan Willson and Chris Atkinson for their help!
2
US annual energy use (2013 data)

1 quad ≈ 300 TWh ≈ 300,000 GWh ≈ 300,000,000 MWh
3
US annual electricity generation statistics

Nuclear
Electricity
Hydro
Natural gas
25.8 Waste heat
Coal
4.7
5.0
4.6
3.4
Natural gas 18.3
3.3
Simplified 2013 data Sources: LLNL, EIA, EPA
US annual electricity generation statistics

Nuclear
Electricity
Hydro
Natural gas
25.8 Waste heat
Coal
4.7
5.0
4.6
3.4
Natural gas 18.3
• 2 billions tons of CO (38% of US total) 3.3
2
• 40% of all fresh water withdrawal
• 75% used by residential & commercial sectors
Simplified 2013 data Sources: LLNL, EIA, EPA
US residential sector annual energy use
Centralized Electricity Generation Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
40% electrical efficiency
9.7 Quads
Heat loss
e-
e- 4.7 Quads
4.7 Quads
e-
11.7 Quads
“19.4 Quads”
CHP
11.7 Quads
5 Quads
5 Quads
2 Quads excess heat
Overall efficiency: 50% Overall efficiency: 83%
• 2.5 quads of energy savings potential
• 200 millions tons of CO reduction (4% US total ≈ 40 M cars)
2
• 4% reduction of US fresh water withdrawal
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Why haven’t you bought a generator for your home?
~ 500,000 US homes have backup generators
<1,000 of 110,000,000 US homes have CHP systems
• Low fuel to electricity efficiency (<26%)
• High cost for long durability ones (>$6,000)
• Low lifetime for low-cost generators (<1 yr)
• Large kW size than optimal
70 million US homes have
piped-in natural gas already
7
Hourly residential load profile: Chicago
14
14
July
January
12 12
10 10
8 8
W
k
6 Heating 6
Heat from 1 kW 40% eff. system
e
4 4
2 2
Hot Water
Electricity Electricity
0 0
0 Hour 24 0 Hour 24
Source: NREL BEopt 8
Annual residential load profile: Chicago
16
Chicago
Average of Cooling
14
Average of Heating kWh
Average of Hot Water kWh
12
Average of Total Electric
10

W
8
k
Heat from 3 kW 40% eff. system
6 e
4
Heat from 1 kW 40% eff. system
e
2
0
January Month December
Source: NREL BEopt 9
Annual residential load profiles
16 16
14 Average of Cooling 14 Average of Cooling
Average of Heating Average of Heating
Average of Hot Water Average of Hot Water
12 Average of Total Electric 12 Average of Total Electric
10 10
Boston
Denver
kW 8 kW 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
January Month December January Month December
16 16
14 Average of Cooling 14 Average of Cooling
Average of Heating Average of Heating
Average of Hot Water Average of Hot Water
12 Average of Total Electric 12 Average of Total Electric
10 10
kW 8 Seattle kW 8 St Louis
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
January Month December January Month December
10
Source: NREL BEopt