ARIS — Business Process Modeling

233 Pages·1999·8.69 MB·English

by  Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. August-Wilhelm Scheer (auth.)

ARIS-
Business Process
Modeling
Second, Completely Revised
and Enlarged Edition
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Singapore
Tokyo
August -Wilhelm Scheer
ARIS
Business Process Modeling
Second, Completely Revised
and Enlarged Edition
With 179 Figures
, Springer
Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. August-Wilhelm Scheer
Universitat des Saarlandes
Institut fUr Wirtschaftsinformatik
Postfach 151150
D-66041 Saarbriicken
Germany
E-Mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.iwi.uni-sb.de/info/scheer/scheer.html
The first edition of this book has been published under the title "Architecture of Integrated Information
Systems". The second edition has been published in two volumes:
"ARIS - Business Process Frameworks" and
"ARIS - Business Process Modeling".
ISBN -13: 978-3-642-98000-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-3 -642-97998-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-97998-9
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Scheer, August-Wilhelm: ARIS - business process modeling / August-Wilhelm Scheer. - 2., completely
rev. and en!. ed. - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Singapore;
Tokyo: Springer, 1999
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-98000-8
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcast
ing, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publi
cation or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of Septem
ber 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag.
Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1999
Sof'tcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1999
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not im
ply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective
laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
ARIS is registered trademark of IDS Prof. Scheer GmbH, SAP R/3 is registered trademark of SAP AG, all
other named products are registered or non-registered trademarks of their respective enterprises.
Hardcover-Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg
SPIN 10678481 4212202-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface to the Second Edition
Since its fIrst publication in 1992, the "Architecture of Integrated Infonnation
Systems" has been enjoying tremendous popularity. Documenting standard
software with business models has proven to be a huge success. ARIS Toolset,
developed by IDS Prof. Scheer GmbH and based on the ARIS concept, is now the
worldwide leader in the market for business process engineering tools. Deployed
in universities in the U.S., Europe, South Africa, Brazil and Asia-PacifIc, ARIS
Toolset is providing R&D and academic institutions engaged in enterprise
organization and business infonnation technology with a state-of-art business
process engineering solution.
The furious development in infonnation technology (IT) since the fIrst edition of
this book was published has led to so many new aspects and so much more
infonnation that we felt it necessary to completely revise it and actually split up
the subject matter into two books, namely
ARIS -Business Process Frameworks and
ARIS -Business Process Modeling.
We see a different target audience for each book. Whereas the fIrst book is aimed
more at those interested in the business and design aspects of standard
applications, the second book offers comprehensive insight into modeling and
infonnation technology.
About this Book
"ARIS - Business Process Modeling", introduces modeling methods, develops
respective meta models and compiles them into an ARIS infonnation model.
The modeling methods shown here have been considerably expanded from the
fIrst edition. For instance, modeling strategic business process planning and the
methods of object oriented modeling, especially the unifIed modeling language
(UML), are covered in more detail.
Due to the pending standardization of UML, ARIS meta models are illustrated as
class diagrams in accordance with UML, although as far as the contents are
concerned, there has been no change from the way they were illustrated as entity
relationship models (ERM) in the fIrst edition.
VI Preface
We were especially eager to make these models applicable for configuring
business applications. This is why we discussed business applications, business
objects, the various possibilities of configuring software for planning and
monitoring business processes, and workflow systems - all in accordance with the
"ARIS -house of business engineering".
We complemented the conceptual discussion by adding chapters from an
application point of view - on how to deploy ARIS models to implement
workflows and SAP Rl3 business applications, how to use the ARIS Framework
to develop programs and how to develop applications using UML.
The potential audience of this book includes IT (information technology)
managers, consultants, instructors and students of business-related computer
science, computer science and related disciplines.
I would also like to thank Dipl.-Kff. Ursula Markus for coordinating and revising
the translation of the German text into English, Dipl.-Kfm. Frank Habermann for
his careful editing of the German manuscript and cando rer. oec. Stefan Andres
and cando rer. inform. Jochen Kunze for the preparation of the English
illustrations. Valuable technical input was provided by Dipl.-Inform. Thomas
Feld, Dipl.-Kfm. Jens Hagemeyer, Dipl.-Hdl. Michael Hoffmann and Dr. Markus
Nuttgens.
I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr. Christian C. Tiews of The
Localizer for the meticulous translation of the text into English.
Saarbrucken, Germany, October 1998
August-Wilhelm Scheer
Preface VII
Classification of the Contents
The books on business process engineering by this author adhere to a consistent
principle, as depicted in Fig. I.
-elM-Towards the Factory
·ofllle Future
-Busin_ Process Engineering
Refllrence Models 1br
Industrial Enterprises
-ARia -Business Process
Frarnewolf<s
Fig. I: Technical profile of books by this author
Business-related computer science spans the gap between business theory and
information and communication technology, with a bi-directional relationship
between the two. Information and communication technology should be analyzed
as to how new technical procedures can enable new IT oriented business
application concepts. The "direction of influence" is illustrated by the arrow on
the left hand side of Fig. I. In business-related computer science, it is not essential
to know the full range of information technology, but only to apply the segment
responsible for alterations in business application concepts. Business-related
computer science is especially important in this area.
The arrow on the right hand side of Fig. I makes clear how the enhancement of
information and communication technology is influenced by business
requirements.
Both relationship directions are discussed in the bOok "Principles of Efficient
Information Management", the second edition of which was published in 1991.
VIII Preface
The key effects of information technology on business processes are discussed in
"CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) -Towards the Factory of the Future"
which also appeared in its third edition in 1994.
Both books cover IT oriented frameworks and are excellent foundations for
specific corporate system solutions.
These frameworks are implemented into IT tools by information systems. Thus,
information systems really do act as bridges between business applications and
information technology.
The "Architecture of Integrated Information Systems -ARIS" was developed for
the comprehensive description of information systems. The first edition of the
book was published in 1992. This is the second edition of this concept, now
published in two different books,
ARIS -Business Process Frameworks --and
ARIS -Business Process Modeling.
"Business Process Engineering - Reference Models for Industrial Enterprises",
with its second edition published in 1994 offers industrial enterprises an
integrated information system by the use of function, data, organization and
process models, in accordance with the ARIS concept.
The business value of describing information systems decreases as technical
implementation progresses. At the same time, stability of the concepts also
diminishes because the enormous speed with which IT is being enhanced usually
influences the technical implementation of information systems. In all of these
books, the author takes this fact into account by the extent with which the
respective issues are weighted. This is analogous to the weighting illustrated by
the triangle in Fig. I.
All of the author's books are also available in German. "Business Process
Engineering" is available in Chinese, "CIM" has been translated into Portuguese
as well. Other translations are in progress.
Table of Contents
A ARIS - Business Process Modeling 1
A.I Strategic Business Process Analysis 7
A.LI Modeling Strategic Business Processes 7
A.L2 PROMET 18
A.L3 Additional Methods for Strategic Business Process Modeling 20
A.l1 Modeling Individual ARIS Views 21
A.l1.1 Modeling the Function View 21
A.I1.1.1 Requirements Definition of the Function View 21
A.lLI.l.1 Function Structure 23
A.I1.I.I.2 Procedure Sequences 31
A.I1. I. 1.3 Processing Types 34
A.I1.I.IA Decision Models 35
A.lL1.I.5 Consolidating the Function View Requirements Definition 38
A.ILI.2 Function Configurations 39
A.I1.1.3 Requirements Definition of the Function View 42
A.IL1.3.1 Designing Modules 42
A.lL1.3.2 Mini-Specification 47
A.IL1.3.3 Output Presentation 48
A.ILIA Implementing the Function View 50
A.II.2 Modeling the Organization View 52
A.I1.2.1 Requirements Definitions of the Organization View 52
A.l1.2.1.1 Organizational Structures (Hierarchical Organizations) 53
A.I1.2.1.2 Role Concept 57
A.I1.2.2 Configurating Organizations 58
A.II.2.3 Design Specification of the Organization View 58
A.lL2.3.1 Network Topology 59
A.I1.2.3.2 Component Types 62
A.lL2A Implementing the Organization View 63
A.l1.3 Modeling the Data View 67
A.lI.3.1 Requirements Definition of the Data View 67
A.lI.3.l.1 Macro Description 69
A.lI.3.I.2 Micro Descriptions 70
A.I1.3. 1.2. I The Simple ERM 71
A.II.3.1.2.2 The Enhanced ERM 74
A.lI.3.2 Data Configuration 77
A.lI.3.3 Design Specification of the Data View 79
X Table of Contents
A.lI.3.3.1 Creating Relations 80
A.lI.3.3.2 Normalization -Denormalization 83
A.lI.3.3.3 Integrity Conditions 85
A.lI.3.3A Logical Access Paths 87
A.lI.3.3.5 Database Schema 88
A.II.3A Implementing the Data View 89
A.II.4 Modeling the Output View 93
A.lI.4.1 Requirements Definition of the Output View 94
A.IIA.2 Output Configuration 100
A.III Modeling the Relationships between the Views
(Control View) 102
A.III.1 Relationships between Functions and Organization 102
A.III.1.1 Modeling the Requirements Definition 103
A.III. 1. 1.1 Function -Organization Allocation Diagrams 103
A.III.1.1.2 Use Case Diagram 106
A.III.1.2 Configuration 107
A. III. 1.3 Design Specification 110
A.III.2 Relationships between Functions and Data 111
A.III.2.1 Modeling the Requirements Definition 112
A.III.2.1.1 Function-Data Allocations 112
A.III.2.1.1.1 Object Oriented Class Diagrams 112
A.III.2.1.1.2 Function Allocation Diagrams 118
A.III.2.1.1.3 DataFlow 118
A.III.2.1.1A Screen Association 120
A.III.2.1.2 Event and Message Control 124
A.III.2.1.2.1 ECA Rule 124
A.III.2.1.2.2 Event-Driven Process Chains (EPCs) 125
A.III.2.1.2.3 Statecharts 128
A.III.2.1.2A Message Control 129
A.III.2.1.2.5 Linking Object Oriented Modeling and EPC 133
A.III.2.2 Configuration 136
A.III.2.3 Design Specification 139
A.III.2.3 .1 Linking Modules and Databases 139
A.III.2.3.1.1 Allocating Schema 139
A.III.2.3.1.2 Deriving Control Structures 140
A.III.2.3.1.3 Database Transactions 141
A.III.2.3.2 Trigger Control 142
A.III.2.3.3 Object Oriented Design Specification 144
A.1II.2.3.3.1 Common Detailing 145
A.III.2.3.3.2 Database Links 146
A.lII.2A Implementation Description 147