Arguing: Exchanging Reasons Face to Face (Lea's Communication Series) PDF
Preview Arguing: Exchanging Reasons Face to Face (Lea's Communication Series)
ARGUING Exchanging Reasons Face to Face LEA’S COMMUNICATION SERIES Jennings Bryant/Dolf Zillmann, General Editors Selected titles in Language and Discourse (Donald Ellis, Advisory Editor) include: Carbaugh • Cultures in Conversation Ellis • From Language to Communication, Second Edition Fitch/Sanders • Handbook of Language and Social Interaction Glenn/LeBaron/Mandelbaum • Studies in Language and Social Interaction: In Honor of Robert Hopper Haslett/Samter • Children Communicating: The First Five Years Locke•Constructing“TheBeginning”:DiscoursesofCreationScience Ramanathan•AlzheimerDiscourse:SomeSociolinguisticDimensions Sigman • Consequentiality of Communication Tracy • Understanding Face-to-Face Interactions ForacompletelistoftitlesinLEA’sCommunicationSeries,pleasecontact Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers at www.erlbaum.com ARGUING Exchanging Reasons Face to Face Dale Hample Western Illinois University LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 2005 Mahwah, New Jersey London This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Copyright© 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 www.erlbaum.com Cover concept by Erin Lain Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hample, Dale, 1949– Arguing / Dale Hample. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-4854-1 (h. : alk. paper) 1. Interpersonal conflict. I. Title. BF637.I48H36 2005 168—dc22 2004056423 CIP ISBN 1-4106-1348-8 Master e-book ISBN To my family, my debate coaches, and my teachers Contents Preface xi 1 DefinitionofArgument 1 Argument Substructure 5 Kinds of Argument 9 Explicit Definitions of Arguing 13 Conclusions and Prospectus 19 2 Frames for Arguing: What Do People Think They’reDoingWhenTheyArgue? 22 Naïve Actors’ Understandings of Arguing 23 Frames for Arguing 33 The First Frame: One’s Primary Goal 34 The Second Frame: Connecting With the Other’s Goals 40 General Orientation 42 Cognitive Processes 46 The Third Frame: Reflecting on the Experience of Arguing 51 Soundness, the Logical Perspective 52 Effectiveness, the Rhetorical Perspective 54 Appropriateness and the Dialectical Perspective 56 The Three Frames 59 Conclusions 60 3 InventionofArgumentativeSubstance 61 The Rhetorical Heritage 62 Topoi 62 vii viii (cid:1) CONTENTS Stasis 70 Inventional Capacity 78 Conclusions 83 4 EditingArguments 85 A General Model of Message Production 88 Situation 89 Goals 94 Plans 99 Messages 105 A Specific Model of Editing Arguments 110 Wilson’s Cognitive Rules Model 111 Meyer’s Theory of Editing 114 Combining Wilson and Meyer 120 Conclusions 123 5 TheEmotionalExperienceofArguing 126 The Absence of Emotions in Argumentation Theory 126 The Importance of Emotionality in Arguing 135 Situations and Argumentativeness 136 State Studies of Taking Conflict Personally 140 A Beginning to Focused Research 142 Emotional Displays While Arguing 143 Felt Emotions While Arguing 171 Prospects for the Study of Emotions While Arguing 174 Conclusions 174 6 IndividualandSituationalDifferencesinArguing 176 Whether to Argue 177 Constructing the Situation 184 Situations and Goals 185 Life Spaces 189 Interpersonal Life Spaces 191 Content Life Spaces 193 Individual Differences 209 Editing One’s Arguments 216 Situational Features 218 Individual Differences in Editing 221 Interaction of Situation and Individual Differences 228 Public Arguing 231 Quantity of Arguments Produced 232 The Appropriateness of Argument 235 The Effectiveness of Argument 236 The Technical Quality of Argument 238 CONTENTS (cid:1) ix The Ethical Quality of Argument 238 Knowledge About Public Argument 239 Conclusions 240 7 ArguinginConversations 241 A Normative Theory of Interpersonal Arguing 242 Episodic Structure 243 Required Speech Acts 245 Rules for a Critical Discussion 250 Discussion Rules and Fallacies 253 A Description of Conversational Arguing: Microanalysis 255 The Three-Turn Sequence 255 Preference Organization and Adjacency Pairs 261 Politeness 265 Competence Begging 271 A Description of Conversational Arguing: Macroanalysis 280 Conclusions 298 8 ImpossibleArguments 301 Pseudoevidence 303 Reflexive Argument 313 Conclusions 326 9 AClosingEditorialAbouttheImportanceofArguing 328 References 336 AuthorIndex 359 SubjectIndex 367
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