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Architecture - Dictionary of Architecture and Building Technology PDF

353 Pages·2004·3.5 MB·English
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DICTIONARY OF ARCHITECTURAL AND BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Fourth edition The Dictionary of Architectural and grasp vocabulary from outside their Building Technology is a compre- areas as they contribute towards the hensive summary of vocabulary used built environment. across the building industry, from the preparation of the brief through Henry J. Cowan is Professor architectural and technical design and Emeritus of Architectural Science documentation, to construction tech- in the University of Sydney. He is a nology and facilities management. Past-President of the Building Science This fourth edition has added 1750 Forum of Australia, an Honorary Fel- new or substantially revised entries, low of the Royal Australian Institute and over 330 of the existing entries of Architects, a Corresponding Mem- have been updated. There are 70 addi- ber of the Accademia Pontaniana, and tional illustrations. The terms have an Officer of the Order of Australia. been assembled and cross-referenced He is the author of 23 other books and by specialists from a range of discip- numerous articles. lines with considerable international experience. SI metric and Imperial Peter R. Smith is a member of the units are included, and line drawings Faculty of Architecture at the Univer- enhance the explanations. sity of Sydney and a Fellow of the This impressively comprehensive Royal Australian Institute of Archi- work will enable students and profes- tects. He has contributed as co-author sionals coming from technical, man- or chapter author to a dozen books on agement and professional fields to building science subjects. To Gary T. Moore, Professor of Environment- Behaviour Studies and Dean of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Sydney Dictionary of Architectural and Building Technology Fourth edition Henry J. Cowan and Peter R. Smith With contributions by W. K. Chow, Fergus R. Fricke, Graham E. Holland, Warren G. Julian, David Leifer, Cedric Marsh, Douglas Noble, David Rowe, Steven Szokolay and Ayca Tuzmen First published 1973 mechanical, or other means, now known or by Chapman and Hall hereafter invented, including photocopying Second edition published 1986 and recording, or in any information by Chapman and Hall storage or retrieval system, without Third edition published 1998 permission in writing from the publishers. by Spon Press British Library Cataloguing in Publication This edition published 2004 Data by Spon Press A catalogue record for this book is 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE available from the British Library Simultaneously published in the USA Library of Congress Cataloging in and Canada Publication Data by Spon Press Cowan, Henry J. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Dictionary of architectural and building technology/Henry J. Cowan and Peter This edition published in the R. Smith; with contributions by W. K. Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. Chow... [et al.]. — 4th ed. “To purchase your own copy p. cm. of this or any of Taylor & Francis ISBN 0–415–31233–7 (hb) — ISBN 0–415–31234–5 (pb) or Routledge’s collection of 1.Architecture—Dictionaries. thousands of eBooks please 2.Building—Dictionaries. I.Smith, go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Peter R. II.Chow, W. K. III.Title. Spon Press is an imprint of the Taylor & NA31 .C63 2004 Francis Group 720’.3—dc22 2003023444 © 2004 Henry J. Cowan and Peter R. Smith ISBN 0-203-69459-7 Master e-book ISBN All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, ISBN 0-203-67977-6 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–31234–5 pb 0–415–31233–7 hb Contents Contributors vi Preface to the fourth edition x Abbreviations xiii Note on typography xiv The Dictionary 1 Contributors Henry J.Cowan, the sole author of as co-author or chapter author to the first edition of this dictionary, is a dozen books on building science Professor Emeritus of Architectural subjects. Science in the University of Sydney. He has a PhD and a Doctorate of W.K. Chow joined The Hong Kong Engineering by examination from Polytechnic (now The Hong Kong the University of Sheffield, and an Polytechnic University) in 1981, and Honorary Doctorate of Architecture is now a Chair Professor of Architec- from the University of Sydney. The tural Science and Fire Engineering in Institution of Engineers, Australia, the Department of Building Services awarded him the Chapman Medal and Engineering, teaching and developing the Monash Medal, and the Institution courses up to master degree level; and of Structural Engineers, London, a has supervised PhD research projects Special Service Award. He is a Past- on architectural science, fire and President of the Building Science safety engineering for over 20 years. Forum of Australia, an Honorary He has BSc, MST and PhD degrees. Fellow of the Royal Australian Insti- He is a Fellow of the Chartered Insti- tute of Architects, a Corresponding tution of Building Services Engineers Member of the Accademia Pontan- and the Hong Kong Institution of iana, and an Officer of the Order of Engineers; and the Founding Pres- Australia. He is the author of 23 other ident of the Society of Fire Protection books and numerous articles. Engineers (Hong Kong Chapter) set up in October 2002. He has served on Peter R. Smith, co-author of the government department committees second and third editions, has BArch, dealing with building requirements MArch and PhD degrees from the and fire safety matters. Over three University of Sydney, and is a Fellow hundred of his papers have been of the Royal Australian Institute of published in journal and conference Architects. Following some years in proceedings in fire engineering, architectural practice, he joined the indoor air quality and building energy. Faculty of Architecture at the Univer- sity of Sydney, where he has served Fergus Fricke, BE (Melbourne) as Department Head and Associate and PhD (Monash), is an Honorary Dean, as well as teaching a wide Associate Professor at the University range of technical subjects. He has of Sydney. He has taught acoustics served on professional, standards to architecture, engineering and music and industry committees dealing with students, published over 200 papers concrete, timber, energy conservation, in architectural, building and envir- solar energy and general building onmental acoustics and established industry matters. He has contributed the postgraduate audio programme at vii Contributors the University of Sydney. He has held management company – FM Solu- positions at Monash, Southampton, tions Pty Ltd. He has taught at the Sheffield, Purdue and Sydney Univer- Mackintosh School of Architecture, sities and has served on Australian Glasgow (1984–86), the Schools of and international standards commit- Architecture at the Universities of tees on acoustics as well as the Queensland (1986–93) and Auckland editorial boards of several acoustics (1993–2000), and is the present co- journals. He was a contributor to the ordinator of the graduate programme second and third editions. in facilities management at the University of Sydney. Graham E.Holland, BArch and PhD (Sydney), is an Honorary Associate Cedric Marsh, MA(Cantab), in the Faculty of Architecture at MIStructE, FCSCE, graduated from the University of Sydney. His special Cambridge in 1944 and spent the interest is in building construction, and rest of the war at the Royal Aircraft he is co-author, with Dr Peter Smith, Establishment, Farnborough. He of a web-based teaching text Design designed aluminium structures with in Brickwork (www.brickbydesign. SMD Ltd in Slough, with Aluminium com). He is the author of a book on Laboratories Ltd in Geneva, and with owner building, a number of articles, the Aluminum Company of Canada and a book on polychromatic brick- in Montreal, followed by a period work also on the World Wide Web. of private consulting and academic He was a contributor to the second and positions at the University of Waterloo third editions. and Concordia University, Montreal, where he shared in the creation of Warren Julian, BSc, BE, MSc(Arch) the Centre for Building Studies, that and PhD (Sydney), originally an elec- offers courses leading to Bachelor and trical engineer, is Associate Professor Master of Building Engineering. He of Architectural and Design Science is the author of Strength of Aluminum, at the University of Sydney. He is now in its fifth edition. He chairs the author of about 200 books and or participates in structural code papers on lighting and related sub- writing committees in Canada, the jects, Life Fellow of IES(ANZ), USA and Europe. Areas of research Editor of Lighting, and Vice-President include elastic stability, seismic action (Technical) of the Commission Inter- and general behaviour under load of nationale de l’Éclairage (CIE). He various materials. Retired in 1997 as was a contributor to the second and a Distinguished Professor Emeritus. third editions. Douglas E. Noble has BSArch David Leiferis a registered architect and BArch degrees from California and an incorporated engineer. He is State Polytechnic University, and a Past Chairman of the NZ Chapter MArch and PhD degrees from the of the Chartered Institution of Build- University of California, Berkeley. ing Services Engineers, a past He is a Fellow of the American Insti- board member of the International tute of Architects. He teaches design Facility Management Association of and design computing at the Univer- Australia, and a director of the facility sity of Southern California in Los Contributors viii Angeles. He is a practising architect has a modest consulting practice. and has served as a consultant to a He is the author of a dozen books, number of firms, is chair of the Los co-author and chapter author in many Angeles AIA CAD Committee and others and a contributor to the Encyc- the former president of the Asso- lopaedia of Science and Technology. ciation for Computer-Aided Design In Architecture (ACADIA), and the Ayca Tuzmen has degrees of BArch Director of the Graduate Building from Middle East Technical Univer- Science programme at USC. His sity, MArch (New Jersey Institute interests are in the areas of computer- of Technology), and MCS and PhD supported design and the science of (Arizona State University). After a design, and he is the author of several career as an architect, urban planner, books in this area. research associate and software designer, she joined the University of David Rowe, ASTC (mechanical Sydney as a lecturer in the Design engineering), FIEAust, CPEng, has Computing program, teaching courses enjoyed a career which included some at both undergraduate and post- 30 years’involvement with design and graduate levels. She is a member of construction of building services for ACADIA, member of eCAADe, and public buildings in NSW. He joined a registered architect of the Turkish the staff of the University of Sydney Institute of Architects. She is author in 1991 to establish the building of a dozen refereed journal and con- services postgraduate programme. In ference papers related to the role of 2002, he was awarded the degree of computing in collaborative design, Master of Design Science (Honoris and has been organiser, moderator and Causa). He was a contributor to the referee for a number of conferences. third edition. Steven V.Szokolay,DipArch, MArch, Contributors to the Third PhD, had some years of architectural Edition practice in Sydney and London, then he taught in Liverpool, Nairobi and José Carlos Damski has more than Brisbane, where he was Director 20 years’experience in computer sci- of the Architectural Science Unit ence. Following an MSc in computer and later the Head of Department science and electrical engineering in of Architecture. Now retired, he still Brazil, he obtained his PhD from the supervises the work of several PhD University of Sydney. He has been a candidates. He was twice Chairman postdoctoral fellow, with research of the ANZ Solar Energy Society, interests in computational models of foundation editor of its journal: design using AI techniques, in areas Solar Progress, President of the ANZ such as creativity, visual reasoning Architectural Science Association and design presentation. and of PLEA (Passive and Low Energy Architecture) International. Hilaire Graham, BArch (Sydney) He served (and serves) on numerous and MArch (London), has worked (State and Commonwealth) govern- as an architect on major urban and ment and standards committees and building projects, and as an FM ix Contributors consultant. She currently lectures the building industry, coordinated and on facility management, and was the taught several courses in the building 1997 NSW Chairman of the Facility services postgraduate programme. Management Association. He is now acting in a senior capacity with Ove Arup and Partners. Gerard A.O’Dwyerhas BDesSc and BArch degrees from the University Michael A. Rosenman, BArch, of Queensland, and an MDesSc from MBdgSc and PhD (Sydney), is an the University of Sydney. He is an architect of 31 years’experience, con- Associate of the Royal Australian cerned with design theory and method Institute of Architects, and worked related to computer-aided design, in for seven years as an architect the fields of optimisation, knowledge- before joining the Sydney University based systems, expert systems, and staff. evolutionary design. He is a Senior Research Fellow, and the co-author of Craig Pearce, DipEE (Caulfield) and a book and some 80 book chapters, MDesSc (Sydney), after 30 years in papers and reports.

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A comprehensive summary of the vocabulary used across the building industry, from the preparation of an architectural brief, through creative and technical design, to construction technology and facilities management. The latest edition has several substantially revised entries as well as many new a
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