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Architecting the Cloud: Design Decisions for Cloud Computing Service Models PDF

351 Pages·2014·1.58 MB·English
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Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Chapter 1: Why Cloud, Why Now? Evolution of Cloud Computing Enter the Cloud Start-Up Case Study: Instagram, from Zero to a Billion Overnight Established Company Case Study: Netflix, Shifting from On-Premises to the Cloud Government Case Study: NOAA, E-mail, and Collaboration in the Cloud Not-for-Profit Case Study: Obama Campaign, Six-Month Shelf-Life with One Big Peak Summary Chapter 2: Cloud Service Models Infrastructure as a Service 2 Platform as a Service Software as a Service Deployment Models Summary Chapter 3: Cloud Computing Worst Practices Avoiding Failure When Moving to the Cloud Migrating Applications to the Cloud Misguided Expectations Misinformed about Cloud Security Selecting a Favorite Vendor, Not an Appropriate Vendor Outages and Out-of-Business Scenarios Underestimating the Impacts of Organizational Change Skills Shortage Misunderstanding Customer Requirements Unexpected Costs Summary Chapter 4: It Starts with Architecture 3 The Importance of Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How Start with the Business Architecture Identify the Problem Statement (Why) Evaluate User Characteristics (Who) Identify Business and Technical Requirements (What) Visualize the Service Consumer Experience (Where) Identify the Project Constraints (When and with What) Understand Current State Constraints (How) Summary Chapter 5: Choosing the Right Cloud Service Model Considerations When Choosing a Cloud Service Model When to Use SaaS When to Use PaaS When to Use IaaS Common Cloud Use Cases Summary Chapter 6: The Key to the Cloud 4 Why REST? The Challenges of Migrating Legacy Systems to the Cloud Summary Chapter 7: Auditing in the Cloud Data and Cloud Security Auditing Cloud Applications Regulations in the Cloud Audit Design Strategies Summary Chapter 8: Data Considerations in the Cloud Data Characteristics Multitenant or Single Tenant Choosing Data Store Types Summary Chapter 9: Security Design in the Cloud The Truth about Data in the Cloud How Much Security Is Required 5 Responsibilities for Each Cloud Service Model Security Strategies Areas of Focus Summary Chapter 10: Creating a Centralized Logging Strategy Log File Uses Logging Requirements Summary Chapter 11: SLA Management Factors That Impact SLAs Defining SLAs Managing Vendor SLAs Summary Chapter 12: Monitoring Strategies Proactive vs. Reactive Monitoring What Needs to Be Monitored? Monitoring Strategies by Category 6 Monitoring by Cloud Service Level Summary Chapter 13: Disaster Recovery Planning What Is the Cost of Downtime? Disaster Recovery Strategies for IaaS Recovering from a Disaster in the Primary Data Center Disaster Recovery Strategies for PaaS Disaster Recovery Strategies for SaaS Disaster Recovery Hybrid Clouds Summary Chapter 14: Leveraging a DevOps Culture to Deliver Software Faster and More Reliably Developing the DevOps Mind-Set Automate Infrastructure Automate Deployments Design Feature Flags Measure, Monitor, and Experiment Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery 7 Summary Chapter 15: Assessing the Organizational Impact of the Cloud Model Enterprise Model vs. Elastic Cloud Model IT Impact Business Impacts Organization Change Planning Change in the Real World Summary Chapter 16: Final Thoughts The Cloud Is Evolving Rapidly Cloud Culture New Business Models PaaS Is the Game Changer Summary Index 8 Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in the United States. With offices in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, Wiley is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ professional and personal knowledge and understanding. The Wiley CIO series provides information, tools, and insights to IT executives and managers. The products in this series cover a wide range of topics that supply strategic and implementation guidance on the latest technology trends, leadership, and emerging best practices. Titles in the Wiley CIO series include: The Agile Architecture Revolution: How Cloud Computing, REST-Based SOA, and Mobile Computing Are Changing Enterprise IT by Jason Bloomberg Big Data, Big Analytics: Emerging Business Intelligence and Analytic Trends for Today’s Businesses by Michael Minelli, Michele Chambers, and Ambiga Dhiraj The Chief Information Officer’s Body of Knowledge: People, Process, and Technology by Dean Lane CIO Best Practices: Enabling Strategic Value with Information Technology (Second Edition) by Joe Stenzel, Randy Betancourt, Gary Cokins, Alyssa Farrell, Bill Flemming, Michael H. Hugos, Jonathan Hujsak, and Karl Schubert The CIO Playbook: Strategies and Best Practices for IT Leaders to Deliver Value by Nicholas R. Colisto Enterprise Performance Management Done Right: An Operating System for Your Organization by Ron Dimon 9 Executive’s Guide to Virtual Worlds: How Avatars Are Transforming Your Business and Your Brand by Lonnie Benson IT Leadership Manual: Roadmap to Becoming a Trusted Business Partner by Alan R. Guibord Managing Electronic Records: Methods, Best Practices, and Technologies by Robert F. Smallwood On Top of the Cloud: How CIOs Leverage New Technologies to Drive Change and Build Value Across the Enterprise by Hunter Muller Straight to the Top: CIO Leadership in a Mobile, Social, and Cloud-based World (Second Edition) by Gregory S. Smith Strategic IT: Best Practices for Managers and Executives by Arthur M. Langer and Lyle Yorks Transforming IT Culture: How to Use Social Intelligence, Human Factors, and Collaboration to Create an IT Department That Outperforms by Frank Wander Unleashing the Power of IT: Bringing People, Business, and Technology Together by Dan Roberts The U.S. Technology Skills Gap: What Every Technology Executive Must Know to Save America’s Future by Gary J. Beach Architecting the Cloud: Design Decisions for Cloud Computing Service Models (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) by Michael Kavis 10 11 Cover Image: © iStockphoto/Kalawin Cover Design: Wiley Copyright © 2014 by Michael Kavis. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives 12 or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. ISBN 978-1-118-61761-8 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-118-82627-0 (epdf) ISBN 978-1-118-82646-1 (epub) ISBN 978-1-118-69177-9 (o-book) 13 I dedicate this book to my parents, John and Deme, and my brother, Bill, whose work ethic and drive to be the best in their fields serve as inspiration for me to excel and fully embrace my field of computer science. 14 FOREWORD I first met Mike Kavis when he brought our Licensed ZapThink Architect SOA course to his company in Florida several years ago. As the vice president of architecture for this firm, Mike hoped to wrangle his group of developers to help them think like architects. And while I couldn’t transform developers into architects in four days, the thrust of the course was to help people think like architects. The book you have in your hands now has the same mission. Cloud computing as an approach to IT infrastructure is still emerging, and thus the technical details are still in flux—but the architectural principles of the cloud are now falling into place. But only by thinking like an architect will you be able to take advantage of the full power of the cloud. Architects are in a unique position in the IT shop, because they have one foot in the business and the other squarely ensconced in the technology. They must understand the nuts and bolts of what works and what doesn’t without falling victim to the techie tunnel vision that inflicts so many IT people. But they must also live and breathe the business: its strategy, its goals, and most importantly, its problems. Architecting the Cloud connects these dots. Mike Kavis has intentionally avoided product- or vendor-specific details, focusing instead on the challenges that architects, as well as stakeholders in the architecture, should address—in other words, connecting the business problem with the appropriate solution. A truism to be sure, but easier said than done in the cloud. 15

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