Arching Effect in Masonry Walls Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer

209 Pages·2003·7.88 MB·English

CENTER FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
ENGINEERING STUDIES

ARCHING EFFECT IN MASONRY WALLS
REINFORCED WITH FIBER REINFORCED
POLYMER (FRP) MATERIALS

by

Nestore Galati

Gustavo Tumialan

Antonio Nanni

University of Missouri-Rolla

CIES
03-33
Disclaimer

The contents of this report reflect the views of the author(s), who are

responsible for the facts and the accuracy of information presented herein. This

document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Center for Infrastructure

Engineering Studies (CIES), University of Missouri -Rolla, in the interest of

information exchange. CIES assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.
The mission of CIES is to provide leadership in research and education for

solving society's problems affecting the nation's infrastructure systems. CIES is

the primary conduit for communication among those on the UMR campus

interested in infrastructure studies and provides coordination for collaborative
efforts. CIES activities include interdisciplinary research and development with
projects tailored to address needs of federal agencies, state agencies, and private

industry as well as technology transfer and continuing/distance education to the

engineering community and industry.

Center for Infrastructure Engineering Studies (CIES)

University of Missouri-Rolla

223 Engineering Research Lab
1870 Miner Circle
Rolla, MO 65409-0710

Tel: [phone]; fax -6215

E-mail: [email protected]

www.cies.umr.edu
ARCHING EFFECT IN MASONRY WALLS
REINFORCED WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER
(FRP) MATERIALS

by

NESTORE GALATI

GUSTAVO TUMIALAN

ANTONIO NANNI

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MECHANICHS

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-ROLLA

Report No. CIES 03-42

CENTER FOR INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI - ROLLA
ii
ABSTRACT

It is generally accepted by the designer of masonry structures that some arching
action takes place in walls subjected to transverse lateral loading and that this action is
often sufficient to give generous strength and rigidity to panels that might otherwise be
unstable. In order for this arching action to take place it is necessary for the masonry
panels to be restrained at the supports.
In this thesis the strengthening of masonry walls with FRP laminates encountering
arching effect was studied. An experimental program was carried out in order to study the
influence of the boundary conditions on the effectiveness of the strengthening technique.
The parameters investigated were material properties (i.e. type of masonry support),
amount of reinforcement and slenderness ratio.
An analytical model was developed in order to predict the out-of-plane capacity
of masonry walls reinforced with FRP and restrained against rigid supports. It can be
stated that there is a very good agreement between the analytical model and the
experimental results. The analytical model was also used to predict the ultimate load of
URM walls strengthened with composites and tested to failure at a decommissioned
building in St. Louis, Missouri. Again, the model showed to produce a very good
accuracy with experimental results.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ ii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ....................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... viii
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
PAPERS
1. FIELD ASSESSMENT OF URM WALLS STRENGTHENED WITH FRP
LAMINATES ...................................................................................................... 7

ABSTRACT................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 8
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY........................................................................... 10
Test Specimens......................................................................................... 10
Material Characterization......................................................................... 11
Field Test Setup........................................................................................ 13
Mechanism of Failure............................................................................... 14
Test Results............................................................................................... 15
ANALYTICAL STUDY................................................................................ 17
Analytical Derivations ............................................................................. 18
Validation of the Analytical Model.......................................................... 22
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................ 23
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................ 24
REFERENCES............................................................................................... 25
NOTATION.................................................................................................... 27
iv
2. INFLUENCE OF ARCHING MECHANISM IN MASONRY WALLS
STRENGTHENED WITH FRP LAMINATES................................................... 43

Abstract........................................................................................................... 43
Introduction..................................................................................................... 44
Experimental Program.................................................................................... 45
Test Setup ....................................................................................................... 47
Test Results..................................................................................................... 48
Results Discussion.......................................................................................... 49
Analytical Study............................................................................................. 53
Conclusions..................................................................................................... 56
Acknowledgements......................................................................................... 56
References....................................................................................................... 57
3. ARCHING EFFECT IN MASONRY WALLS REINFORCED WITH FIBER
REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) MATERIALS .............................................. 59

Abstract........................................................................................................... 59
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 60
RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE....................................................................... 62
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM..................................................................... 62
Test Matrix................................................................................................ 62
Materials................................................................................................... 63
Test Setup ................................................................................................. 64
TEST RESULTS ............................................................................................ 66
Modes of Failure....................................................................................... 66
Discussion of Results .............................................................................. 68
v
ANALYTICAL STUDY................................................................................ 70
Analytical Derivations ............................................................................. 71
Validation of the Analytical Model.......................................................... 74
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS............................................................. 76
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................ 77
NOTATION.................................................................................................... 77
REFERENCES............................................................................................... 79
CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 96
APPENDICES
A. TEST SETUP AND MODES OF FAILURE ..................................................... 99
B. DIAGRAMS ....................................................................................................... 110
C. OUT-OF-PLANE RELATED PAPERS ............................................................. 143
VITA ............................................................................................................................ 200
vi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1. Out-of-Plane Mechanism of Failure.................................................................... 3
PAPER 1
1. Vertical Cross Section of Typical Wall.............................................................. 32
2. Test Setup............................................................................................................ 33
3. Views of Test Setup............................................................................................. 34
4. Out-of-Plane Mechanism of Failure.................................................................... 35
5. Mode of Failure................................................................................................... 36
6. Behavior Comparison of Walls UP, UM, SP and SM......................................... 37
7. Strain Comparison for Walls SP and SM............................................................ 38
8. Rotations in Upper and Lower Regions .............................................................. 39
9. Height vs. Deflection Curves.............................................................................. 40
10. Upper Part of Analyzed Wall.............................................................................. 41
11. Comparison of Experimental and Analytical Results......................................... 42
PAPER 2
1. Test Specimens and Strain Gage Locations........................................................ 47
2. Test Setup Scheme.............................................................................................. 48
3. Failure of the Specimens..................................................................................... 50
4. Load vs. Mid-height Deflection.......................................................................... 51
5. In-Plane Load vs. Out-of-Plane Load.................................................................. 52
6. In-Plane/Out-of-Plane Load Ratio as a Function of FRP Width......................... 52
7. Comparison between Simply Supported and End-Restrained Walls.................. 54
vii
8. Out-of-Plane Mechanism of Failure.................................................................... 55
PAPER 3
1. Test Setup Scheme.............................................................................................. 86
2. Calibration Curve of the System......................................................................... 87
3. Test Specimens And Strain Gage Locations....................................................... 88
4. Out-of-Plane Mechanism of Failure.................................................................... 89
5. Modes of Failure.................................................................................................. 90
6. Load vs. Deflection of URM Walls Strengthened with FRP Laminates............. 91
7. Out-of-Plane Load versus In-Plane Load of URM Walls Strengthened with
FRP Laminates.................................................................................................... 92
8. In-Plane/Out-of-Plane Load Ratio as a Function of FRP Width......................... 93
9. Comparison between Simply Supported and End-Restrained Walls.................. 94
10. Half Part of Analyzed Wall................................................................................. 95