Aquatic Ecosystems, Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter

533 Pages·2003·2.63 MB·English

by  Stuart Findlay

Aquatic Ecosystems:
Interactivity of Dissolved
Organic Matter
AQUATIC ECOLOGY Series
Series Editor
James H. Thorp
Department of Biology
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky
Other titles in the series:
Groundwater Ecology
Janine Gilbert, Dan L. Danielopol, Jack A. Stanford
Algal Ecology
R. Jan Stevenson, Max L. Bothwell, Rex L. Lowe
Streams and Ground Waters
Jeremy B. Jones, Patrick J. Mulholland
Aquatic
Ecosystems
Interactivity of
Dissolved Organic
Matter
Edited by
Stuart E. G. Findlay
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Millbrook, New York
Robert L. Sinsabaugh
Department of Biology
University of Toledo
Toledo, Ohio
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Contents
Contributors xiii
Preface xvii
SECTION ONE
SOURCES AND COMPOSITION
1
Supply of Dissolved Organic Matter to Aquatic
Ecosystems: Autochthonous Sources
Stefan Bertilsson and Jeremy B. Jones, Jr.
I. Introduction 3
II. Algal Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter 4
III. Macrophyte Production of Dissolved
Organic Matter 15
v
vi Contents
IV. Summary 18
References 19
2
Sources, Production, and Regulation of
Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Matter
Inputs to Surface Waters
J. A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, W. H. McDowell, and J. C. Neff
I. Introduction 26
II. Source, Production, and Fractions of Dissolved
Organic Matter 28
III. Regulation of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic
Carbon and Dissolved Organic Nitrogen 51
References 59
3
Trace Organic Moieties of Dissolved Organic
Material in Natural Waters
D. M. McKnight, E. Hood, and L. Klapper
I. Introduction 71
II. Tracers of the Source of DOM in
Aquatic Ecosystems 74
III. Biogeochemical Processes: Interactions with
Mineral Surfaces 86
IV. Biogeochemical Processes: Surface Water
to Sediments 88
V. Conclusions 91
References 93
4
The Role of Monomers in Stream
Ecosystem Metabolism
L. A. Kaplan and J. D. Newbold
I. Introduction 97
II. Monomer Sources and Concentrations 99
III. Factors Affecting Biological Lability 106
IV. Conclusions 112
References 113
Contents vii
5
Molecular Indicators of the Bioavailability of
Dissolved Organic Matter
R. Benner
I. Introduction 121
II. Chemical Composition of Dissolved
Organic Matter 122
III. Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter 128
IV. Relationships between the Chemical Composition
and Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter 129
References 135
6
Large-Scale Patterns in Dissolved Organic
Carbon Concentration, Flux, and Sources
P. J. Mulholland
I. Introduction 139
II. Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations 140
III. Dissolved Organic Carbon Exports in Rivers
and Streams 147
IV. Sources of Dissolved Organic Carbon 152
V. Synthesis and Future Research Needs 154
References 157
7
The Speciation of Hydrophobic Organic
Compounds by Dissolved Organic Matter
Yu-Ping Chin
I. Introduction 161
II. Theoretical Considerations 163
III. Analytical Methods for Measuring K 167
dom
IV. The Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter
Composition on Hydrophobic Organic
Contaminant Speciation 174
V. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on
Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant
Bioavailability to Aquatic Organisms 178
VI. Conclusions 179
References 180
viii Contents
8
Elemental Complexation by Dissolved Organic
Matter in Lakes: Implications for Fe Speciation
and the Bioavailability of Fe and P
R. Maranger and M. J. Pullin
I. Introduction 186
II. Biological Importance of Fe 189
III. Biological Fe Demand in Brown- versus
Clear-Water Systems 190
IV. DOM and Fe Chemistry in Freshwater 192
V. The DOM-Fe-P Complex in Lakes 194
VI. Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Fe and P
Bound to DOM 199
VII. Elemental Acquisition in Humic Lakes: Implications
for Ecosystem Structure and Function 205
VIII. Conclusions 206
References 207
SECTION TWO
TRANSFORMATION AND REGULATION
9
The Contribution of Monomers and Other
Low-Molecular Weight Compounds to
the Flux of Dissolved Organic Material in
Aquatic Ecosystems
D. L. Kirchman
I. Introduction 218
II. Uptake of Amino Acids and Glucose 218
III. Uptake of Other Monomers and LMW Compounds:
Organic Acids 226
IV. Respiration of Monomers 228
V. Coupling Polymer Hydrolysis and
Monomer Uptake 229
VI. Specific Bacteria Using Amino Acids and Protein:
Functional Groups of Heterotrophic Bacteria 232
VII. Heterotrophic Bacteria as More Than One
Functional Group: Does It Matter? 235
VIII. Unknowns, Unresolved Issues, and Conclusions 236
References 237
Contents ix
10
Photochemically Mediated Linkages
between Dissolved Organic Matter
and Bacterioplankton
M. A. Moran and J. S. Covert
I. Introduction 244
II. Is Dissolved Organic Matter Photoproduct
Formation Predictable? 245
III. Is Dissolved Organic Matter Photoproduct
Formation Ecologically Significant? 255
IV. Photochemical Modifications of Dissolved Organic
Nitrogen and Dissolved Organic Phosphorus 258
V. Conclusions 258
References 259
11
The Importance of Organic Nitrogen Production in
Aquatic Systems: A Landscape Perspective
N. F. Caraco and J. J. Cole
I. Introduction 263
II. Model 268
III. System Results 269
IV. Discussion 276
References 279
12
The Role of Biofilms in the Uptake and
Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter
Helmut Fischer
I. Introduction 285
II. Biofilm Structure 288
III. Supply of Dissolved Organic Matter to
Biofilm Bacteria 289
IV. Effects of the Biofilm on Microbial Activity 299
V. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter
Quality and Quantity on the Activity of
Biofilm Bacteria 300
VI. Ecosystem Consequences 304
VII. Conclusions 306
References 306