Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 6845
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
Leslie Ann Goldberg Klaus Jansen
R. Ravi José D.P. Rolim (Eds.)
Approximation,
Randomization,
and Combinatorial
Optimization
Algorithms and Techniques
14th International Workshop,APPROX 2011
and 15th International Workshop, RANDOM 2011
Princeton, NJ, USA,August 17-19, 2011
Proceedings
1 3
VolumeEditors
LeslieAnnGoldberg
UniversityofLiverpool
DepartmentofComputerScience
AshtonBuilding,LiverpoolL693BX,UK
E-mail:l.a.goldberg@liverpool.ac.uk
KlausJansen
UniversityofKiel
DepartmentofComputerScience
Olshausenstr.40,24098Kiel,Germany
E-mail:kj@informatik.uni-kiel.de
R.Ravi
CarnegieMellonUniversity
TepperSchoolofBusiness
5000ForbesAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA
E-mail:ravi@cmu.edu
JoséD.P.Rolim
UniversityofGeneva
CentreUniversitaired’Informatique
BattelleA,7routedeDrize,1227Carouge,Switzerland
E-mail:jose.rolim@unige.ch
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-22934-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-22935-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-22935-0
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011933808
CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.2,E.1,G.2,I.3.5,F.1,C.2
LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues
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Preface
This volume contains the papers presented at the 14th International Work-
shop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
(APPROX 2011) and the 15th International Workshop on Randomization and
Computation (RANDOM 2011), which took place concurrently in Princeton
University, USA, during August 17–19,2011.
APPROX focuses on algorithmic and complexity issues surrounding the de-
velopment of efficient approximate solutions to computationally difficult prob-
lems, and was the 14th in the series after Aalborg (1998), Berkeley (1999),
Saarbru¨cken(2000),Berkeley(2001),Rome(2002),Princeton(2003),Cambridge
(2004), Berkeley (2005), Barcelona (2006), Princeton (2007), Boston (2008),
Berkeley (2009), and Barcelona (2010). RANDOM is concerned with applica-
tions of randomnessto computationaland combinatorialproblems,and wasthe
15th workshop in the series following Bologna (1997), Barcelona (1998), Berke-
ley (1999), Geneva (2000), Berkeley (2001), Harvard (2002), Princeton (2003),
Cambridge(2004),Berkeley(2005),Barcelona(2006),Princeton(2007),Boston
(2008), Berkeley (2009), and Barcelona (2010).
Topics of interest for APPROX and RANDOM are: design and analysis of
approximation algorithms, hardness of approximation, small space algorithms,
sub-linear time algorithms,streaming algorithms,embeddings and metric space
methods,mathematicalprogrammingmethods,combinatorialproblemsingraphs
andnetworks,gametheory,marketsandeconomicapplications,geometricprob-
lems, packing, covering, scheduling, approximate learning, design and analysis
of online algorithms,designand analysis ofrandomizedalgorithms,randomized
complexitytheory,pseudorandomnessandderandomization,randomcombinato-
rialstructures,randomwalks/Markovchains, expander graphsand randomness
extractors, probabilistic proof systems, random projections and embeddings,
error-correcting codes, average-case analysis, property testing, computational
learning theory, and other applications of approximation and randomness.
The volume contains 29 contributed papers, selected by the APPROX Pro-
gram Committee out of 66 submissions, and 29 contributed papers, selected by
the RANDOM ProgramCommittee out of 64 submissions.
We would like to thank all of the authors who submitted papers, the two
invited speakers, David P. Williamson and Joel Spencer, the members of the
ProgramCommittees, and the external reviewers.
We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Department of Computer
Science at the Universityof Liverpoolin the UK, the Tepper SchoolofBusiness
VI Preface
at Carnegie Mellon, USA, the Institute of Computer Science of the Christian-
Albrechts-Universita¨t zu Kiel, and the Department of Computer Science of the
University of Geneva.
Finally,manythankstoParvanehKarimi-Massoulehforeditingtheproceed-
ings.
August 2011 Leslie Goldberg
R. Ravi
Klaus Jansen
Jos´e D.P. Rolim
Organization
Program Committees
APPROX 2011
Julia Chuzoy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Naveen Garg Indian Institute of Technology, India
Michel Goemans Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Fabrizio Grandoni Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy
Anupam Gupta Carnegie Mellon University, USA
PrahaladHarsha Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India
Satoru Iwata Kyoto University, Japan
Philip Klein Brown University, USA
Robert Krauthgammer Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Kamesh Munagala The University of Pennsylvania, USA
Zeev Nutov The Open University of Israel
R. Ravi Carnegie Mellon University (Chair), USA
Guido Schaefer Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica,
The Netherlands
Chaitanya Swamy University of Waterloo, Canada
Kunal Talwar Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, USA
Gerhard Woeginger Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
RANDOM 2011
Per Austrin University of Toronto, Canada
Nayantara Bhatnagar University of California, USA
Amin Coja-Oghlan University of Warwick, UK
Josep Diaz Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Benjamin Doerr Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Informatik, Germany
Devdatt Dubhas Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Martin Dyer School of Computing, UK
Tom Friedetzky Technische Universit¨at Mu¨nchen, Germany
Leslie Goldberg Carnegie Mellon University (Chair), USA
Mark Jerrum University of Edinburgh, UK
Elitza Maneva Universitat de Barcelona,Spain
Allan Sly Microsoft Research, Theory Group, USA
Eli Upfal Brown University, USA
Juan Vera Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Osamu Watanabe Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
David Zuckerman University of Texas at Austin, USA
VIII Organization
Referees
Anil Ada Sanjoy Dasgupta Ito Hiro
Saeed Alaei Amit Deshpande Kazuo Iwama
Aris Anagnostopoulos Martin Dietzfelbinger Rahul Jain
Alex Andoni Jian Ding Hossein Jowhari
Alexandr Andoni Michael Dinitz Valentine Kabanets
Anon Anon Irit Dinur Satyen Kale
V. Arvind Shaddin Dughmi Lior Kamma
Nikhil Bansal Giuseppe Durisi Daniel Kane
Surender Baswana Zeev Dvir George Karakostas
M. Bateni Alon Efrat Jonathan Katz
Tugkan Batu Klim Efremenko Akinori Kawachi
Siavosh Benabbas Charilaos Efthymiou Mark Keil
Petra Berenbrink Khaled Elbassioni Iordanis Kerenidis
Shankar Bhamidi Michael Elkin Guy Kindler
Sayan Bhattacharya Yuval Emek Robert Kleinberg
Arnab Bhattacharyya David Eppstein Adam Klivans
Eric Blais Funda Ergun Yusuke Kobayashi
Anna Blasiak Uriel Feige Ronald Koch
Andrej Bogdanov Anne Fey Jochen Koenemann
Glencora Borradaile Yuval Filmus Alexandra Kolla
Andreas Brandstadt Eldar Fischer Stavros Kolliopoulos
Mark Braverman Ehud Friedgut Swastik Kopparty
Joshua Brody Tobias Friedrich Guy Kortsarz
Harry Buhrman Alan Frieze Nitish Korula
Gruia Calinescu Takuro Fukunaga R. Krishnaswamy
Amit Chakrabarti Peter Gacs Michael Krivelevich
Deeparnab Chakrabarty Anna Gal Janardhan Kulkarni
Sourav Chakraborty Dmitry Gavinsky Oded Lachish
Parinya Chalermsook Konstantinos Georgiou Michael Langberg
Timoth M. Chan Ashish Goel Gilbert Laporte
Arkadev Chattopadhyay Oded Goldreich Silvio Lattanzi
Ning Chen Parikshit Gopalan James Lee
Mahdi Cheraghchi Lee-Ad Gottlieb Asaf Levin
Flavio Chierichetti Sudipto Guha Shi Li
Eden Chlamtac Sylvain Guillemot Yi Li
Kai-Min Chung Venkatesan Guruswami Shachar Lovett
Andrew Collins M. Hajiaghayi Brendan Lucier
Matthew Cook Moritz Hardt Frederic Magniez
Graham Cormode Prahladh Harsha Mohammad Mahmoody
Mary Cryan Johan Hastad Rajsekar Manokaran
Marek Cygan Elad Hazan Russell Martin
Artur Czumaj Brett Hemenway Jiri Matousek
Peter Damaschke Martin Hildebrand Arie Matsliah
Organization IX
Kevin Matulef Rajiv Raman Zoya Svitkina
Andrew Mcgregor Oded Regev Suguru Tamaki
Colin Mcquillan Daniel Reichman Marc Thurley
Manor Mendel Heiko Ro¨glin Hidetoki Tanaka
Julian Mestre Dana Ron Siamak Tazari
F. Meyer Auf Der Heide Bill Rosgen Orestis Telelis
Daniele Micciancio Benjamin Rossman Prasad Tetali
Peter Bro Miltersen Aaron Roth Fabio Toninelli
Vahab Mirrokni Thomas Rothvoss Madhur Tulsiani
Dieter Mitsche Yogish Sabharwal Paul Valiant
Matthias Mnich Barna Saha Fabio Vandin
Cris Moore MohammadSalavatipour Anke Van Zuylen
Marco Molinaro Rahul Santhanam Santosh Vempala
Dana Moshkovitz Mathias Schacht Rakesh Venkat
Elchanan Mossel Arnab Sen Michael Viderman
Amir Nayyeri Sandeep Sen A. Vijayaraghavan
Alantha Newman Maria Serna Emanuele Viola
Evdokia Nikolova Ronen Shaltiel Berthold Voecking
Ryan O’Donnell Asaf Shapira Jan Vondrak
Neil Olver Maiko Shigeno Van Vu
Shayan Oveis Gharan Igor Shinkar Anil Vulikanti
Igor Pak Amir Shpilka Mark Walters
K. Panagiotou Mohit Singh Cenny Wenner
Gopal Pandurangan Christian Sohler Thomas Vidick
Chris Peikert Jose Soto Andreas Wiese
Ludovic Perret Perla Sousi David Wilson
Alberto Pettarin Daniel Spielman Carola Winzen
Ulrich Pferschy Joachim Spoerhase David Woodruff
Olli Pottonen Srikanth Srinivasan Yi Wu
Xavier P´erez Gim´enez Nikhil Srivastava Orly Yahalom
Yuri Rabinovich Gautier Stauffer Sergey Yekhanin
J. Radhakrishnan Jeff Steif Yuichi Yoshida
PrasadRaghavendra He Sun Rico Zenklusen
Sanatan Rai Ravi Sundaram An Zhu
David Richerby Ola Svensson Anastasios Zouzias
Matteo Riondato Maxim Sviridenko
