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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6845 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Leslie Ann Goldberg Klaus Jansen R. Ravi José D.P. Rolim (Eds.) Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms and Techniques 14th International Workshop,APPROX 2011 and 15th International Workshop, RANDOM 2011 Princeton, NJ, USA,August 17-19, 2011 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors LeslieAnnGoldberg UniversityofLiverpool DepartmentofComputerScience AshtonBuilding,LiverpoolL693BX,UK E-mail:l.a.goldberg@liverpool.ac.uk KlausJansen UniversityofKiel DepartmentofComputerScience Olshausenstr.40,24098Kiel,Germany E-mail:kj@informatik.uni-kiel.de R.Ravi CarnegieMellonUniversity TepperSchoolofBusiness 5000ForbesAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA E-mail:ravi@cmu.edu JoséD.P.Rolim UniversityofGeneva CentreUniversitaired’Informatique BattelleA,7routedeDrize,1227Carouge,Switzerland E-mail:jose.rolim@unige.ch ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-22934-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-22935-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-22935-0 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011933808 CRSubjectClassification(1998):F.2,E.1,G.2,I.3.5,F.1,C.2 LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssues ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface This volume contains the papers presented at the 14th International Work- shop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems (APPROX 2011) and the 15th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation (RANDOM 2011), which took place concurrently in Princeton University, USA, during August 17–19,2011. APPROX focuses on algorithmic and complexity issues surrounding the de- velopment of efficient approximate solutions to computationally difficult problems, and was the 14th in the series after Aalborg (1998), Berkeley (1999), Saarbru¨cken(2000),Berkeley(2001),Rome(2002),Princeton(2003),Cambridge (2004), Berkeley (2005), Barcelona (2006), Princeton (2007), Boston (2008), Berkeley (2009), and Barcelona (2010). RANDOM is concerned with applications of randomnessto computationaland combinatorialproblems,and wasthe 15th workshop in the series following Bologna (1997), Barcelona (1998), Berke- ley (1999), Geneva (2000), Berkeley (2001), Harvard (2002), Princeton (2003), Cambridge(2004),Berkeley(2005),Barcelona(2006),Princeton(2007),Boston (2008), Berkeley (2009), and Barcelona (2010). Topics of interest for APPROX and RANDOM are: design and analysis of approximation algorithms, hardness of approximation, small space algorithms, sub-linear time algorithms,streaming algorithms,embeddings and metric space methods,mathematicalprogrammingmethods,combinatorialproblemsingraphs andnetworks,gametheory,marketsandeconomicapplications,geometricprob- lems, packing, covering, scheduling, approximate learning, design and analysis of online algorithms,designand analysis ofrandomizedalgorithms,randomized complexitytheory,pseudorandomnessandderandomization,randomcombinato- rialstructures,randomwalks/Markovchains, expander graphsand randomness extractors, probabilistic proof systems, random projections and embeddings, error-correcting codes, average-case analysis, property testing, computational learning theory, and other applications of approximation and randomness. The volume contains 29 contributed papers, selected by the APPROX Pro- gram Committee out of 66 submissions, and 29 contributed papers, selected by the RANDOM ProgramCommittee out of 64 submissions. We would like to thank all of the authors who submitted papers, the two invited speakers, David P. Williamson and Joel Spencer, the members of the ProgramCommittees, and the external reviewers. We gratefully acknowledge the support from the Department of Computer Science at the Universityof Liverpoolin the UK, the Tepper SchoolofBusiness VI Preface at Carnegie Mellon, USA, the Institute of Computer Science of the Christian- Albrechts-Universita¨t zu Kiel, and the Department of Computer Science of the University of Geneva. Finally,manythankstoParvanehKarimi-Massoulehforeditingtheproceed- ings. August 2011 Leslie Goldberg R. Ravi Klaus Jansen José D.P. Rolim Organization Program Committees APPROX 2011 Julia Chuzoy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Naveen Garg Indian Institute of Technology, India Michel Goemans Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Fabrizio Grandoni Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy Anupam Gupta Carnegie Mellon University, USA PrahaladHarsha Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India Satoru Iwata Kyoto University, Japan Philip Klein Brown University, USA Robert Krauthgammer Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Kamesh Munagala The University of Pennsylvania, USA Zeev Nutov The Open University of Israel R. Ravi Carnegie Mellon University (Chair), USA Guido Schaefer Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, The Netherlands Chaitanya Swamy University of Waterloo, Canada Kunal Talwar Microsoft Research Silicon Valley, USA Gerhard Woeginger Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands RANDOM 2011 Per Austrin University of Toronto, Canada Nayantara Bhatnagar University of California, USA Amin Coja-Oghlan University of Warwick, UK Josep Diaz Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain Benjamin Doerr Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Informatik, Germany Devdatt Dubhas Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Martin Dyer School of Computing, UK Tom Friedetzky Technische Universität Mu¨nchen, Germany Leslie Goldberg Carnegie Mellon University (Chair), USA Mark Jerrum University of Edinburgh, UK Elitza Maneva Universitat de Barcelona,Spain Allan Sly Microsoft Research, Theory Group, USA Eli Upfal Brown University, USA Juan Vera Carnegie Mellon University, USA Osamu Watanabe Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan David Zuckerman University of Texas at Austin, USA VIII Organization Referees Anil Ada Sanjoy Dasgupta Ito Hiro Saeed Alaei Amit Deshpande Kazuo Iwama Aris Anagnostopoulos Martin Dietzfelbinger Rahul Jain Alex Andoni Jian Ding Hossein Jowhari Alexandr Andoni Michael Dinitz Valentine Kabanets Anon Anon Irit Dinur Satyen Kale V. Arvind Shaddin Dughmi Lior Kamma Nikhil Bansal Giuseppe Durisi Daniel Kane Surender Baswana Zeev Dvir George Karakostas M. Bateni Alon Efrat Jonathan Katz Tugkan Batu Klim Efremenko Akinori Kawachi Siavosh Benabbas Charilaos Efthymiou Mark Keil Petra Berenbrink Khaled Elbassioni Iordanis Kerenidis Shankar Bhamidi Michael Elkin Guy Kindler Sayan Bhattacharya Yuval Emek Robert Kleinberg Arnab Bhattacharyya David Eppstein Adam Klivans Eric Blais Funda Ergun Yusuke Kobayashi Anna Blasiak Uriel Feige Ronald Koch Andrej Bogdanov Anne Fey Jochen Koenemann Glencora Borradaile Yuval Filmus Alexandra Kolla Andreas Brandstadt Eldar Fischer Stavros Kolliopoulos Mark Braverman Ehud Friedgut Swastik Kopparty Joshua Brody Tobias Friedrich Guy Kortsarz Harry Buhrman Alan Frieze Nitish Korula Gruia Calinescu Takuro Fukunaga R. Krishnaswamy Amit Chakrabarti Peter Gacs Michael Krivelevich Deeparnab Chakrabarty Anna Gal Janardhan Kulkarni Sourav Chakraborty Dmitry Gavinsky Oded Lachish Parinya Chalermsook Konstantinos Georgiou Michael Langberg Timoth M. Chan Ashish Goel Gilbert Laporte Arkadev Chattopadhyay Oded Goldreich Silvio Lattanzi Ning Chen Parikshit Gopalan James Lee Mahdi Cheraghchi Lee-Ad Gottlieb Asaf Levin Flavio Chierichetti Sudipto Guha Shi Li Eden Chlamtac Sylvain Guillemot Yi Li Kai-Min Chung Venkatesan Guruswami Shachar Lovett Andrew Collins M. Hajiaghayi Brendan Lucier Matthew Cook Moritz Hardt Frederic Magniez Graham Cormode Prahladh Harsha Mohammad Mahmoody Mary Cryan Johan Hastad Rajsekar Manokaran Marek Cygan Elad Hazan Russell Martin Artur Czumaj Brett Hemenway Jiri Matousek Peter Damaschke Martin Hildebrand Arie Matsliah Organization IX Kevin Matulef Rajiv Raman Zoya Svitkina Andrew Mcgregor Oded Regev Suguru Tamaki Colin Mcquillan Daniel Reichman Marc Thurley Manor Mendel Heiko Ro¨glin Hidetoki Tanaka Julian Mestre Dana Ron Siamak Tazari F. Meyer Auf Der Heide Bill Rosgen Orestis Telelis Daniele Micciancio Benjamin Rossman Prasad Tetali Peter Bro Miltersen Aaron Roth Fabio Toninelli Vahab Mirrokni Thomas Rothvoss Madhur Tulsiani Dieter Mitsche Yogish Sabharwal Paul Valiant Matthias Mnich Barna Saha Fabio Vandin Cris Moore MohammadSalavatipour Anke Van Zuylen Marco Molinaro Rahul Santhanam Santosh Vempala Dana Moshkovitz Mathias Schacht Rakesh Venkat Elchanan Mossel Arnab Sen Michael Viderman Amir Nayyeri Sandeep Sen A. Vijayaraghavan Alantha Newman Maria Serna Emanuele Viola Evdokia Nikolova Ronen Shaltiel Berthold Voecking Ryan O’Donnell Asaf Shapira Jan Vondrak Neil Olver Maiko Shigeno Van Vu Shayan Oveis Gharan Igor Shinkar Anil Vulikanti Igor Pak Amir Shpilka Mark Walters K. Panagiotou Mohit Singh Cenny Wenner Gopal Pandurangan Christian Sohler Thomas Vidick Chris Peikert Jose Soto Andreas Wiese Ludovic Perret Perla Sousi David Wilson Alberto Pettarin Daniel Spielman Carola Winzen Ulrich Pferschy Joachim Spoerhase David Woodruff Olli Pottonen Srikanth Srinivasan Yi Wu Xavier Pérez Giménez Nikhil Srivastava Orly Yahalom Yuri Rabinovich Gautier Stauffer Sergey Yekhanin J. Radhakrishnan Jeff Steif Yuichi Yoshida PrasadRaghavendra He Sun Rico Zenklusen Sanatan Rai Ravi Sundaram An Zhu David Richerby Ola Svensson Anastasios Zouzias Matteo Riondato Maxim Sviridenko

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This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Approximation Algorithms for Combinatorial Optimization Problems, APPROX 2011, and the 15th International Workshop on Randomization and Computation, RANDOM 2011, held in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, in August 2

Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques: 14th International Workshop, APPROX 2011, and 15th International Workshop, RANDOM 2011, Princeton, NJ, USA, August 17-19, 2011. Proceedings PDF

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