Table Of ContentAN APPROACH FOR
CADASTRAL RECORDS REORGANIZATION
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A TOPOLOGICALLY STRUCTURED
CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM IN TANZANIA
By
FRANCIS W. DERBY
A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
1998
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
There are so many people, to whom I owe my gratitude for their assistance and
encouragement throughthis dissertation, it would be impossible to name them all here. I
would especially like to thank my graduate committee, who through their combined
knowledge and experience, inspired, motivated, and guided me to the end.
My utmost gratitude goes to Associate Professor David W. Gibson for giving me
the opportunity to study in this university and for believing in my ability to complete this
program successfully. The advice and guidance he gave to me during the initial stage of
my doctoral programhelped me to develop the concepts for this research.
My
sincere thanks goes Associate Professor Scot E. Smith, Ph.D., for the
financial support at the time when I needed it most. I am grateful for his contribution as a
major professor and the helpful ideas he offered during my most trying moments.
Sincere gratitude goes to my friend and fellow graduate student, Joe Aufmuth for
assisting me in analyzing my results and for preparing my figures. I thank him for the
agonizing moments he spent listening to my problems and complaints.
I would like to express my appreciation to Associate Professor Charles D. Ghilani,
Ph.D. and Assistant Professor Thomas A. Seybert, Ph.D., ofThe Pennsylvania State
University for their helpful ideas and companionship. I will always cherishthe help and
advice that they offered
.
11
To my wonderful and understanding wife, Angela, and our children, Yahan and
Pinkrah, I would like to express my appreciation for their love, devotion, and support. I
am really blessed to have a family like ours.
Finally, and most ofall, I thank God for making it all possible.
in
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ii
LIST OF TABLES
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
ABSTRACT
xii
CHAPTERS
INTRODUCTION
1 1
Research Objectives, Methodology and Scope 4
Definitions 7
Research Organization and Contribution 10
LAND MANAGEMENT AND CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
2 13
. .
Land Management 14
Legal Framework 16
Land Delivery 18
Estate Management 18
Regulation and Reform 19
Revenue Generation 19
Operational Agencies 20
Land Survey 22
Land Titling 23
Land Registration 24
Valuation and Assessment 25
Information Support Systems 28
Environmental Information System 31
Socioeconomic Information System 31
Infrastructure Information System 32
Cadastral Information Systems 32
3 CADASTRAL INFORMATION AND RELATED ISSUES 36
IV
Different Types ofCadastres 37
Existing Cadastral Information Models 39
The North American Model (NRC model) 40
Williamson's Model 42
The Developing Country Model 43
The Wisconsin Land Information Model 45
Spatial Data 47
Spatial Data Capture 48
Parcel Identifiers 49
Data Management 51
Flat Files 52
Hierarchical Files 53
Networks 54
Relational Databases 54
EXISTING CADASTRAL ARRANGEMENTS IN TANZANIA 57
Administrative Arrangements within Tanzania 58
MLHUD
Organizational Arrangements within 59
The Urban Development Division 59
The Survey and Mapping Division 63
Land Development Division 66
The City Council ofDar Es Salaam 70
Existing Land Delivery Process 71
Survey and Demarcation 73
Allocation and Registration 74
Cadastral Surveying Processes within Divisions 76
Surveying and Mapping Division 76
Property Valuation and Rent Assessment 83
Certificate ofOccupancy 85
Registration ofCertificate ofOccupancy 88
CADASTRAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPROACH 94
Discussion ofImprovements to Current Cadastral Arrangements 97
Urban Development Division 99
Surveys and Mapping Division 100
Land Development Division 103
Document Processing Improvements 08
1
Reorganization ofExisting Records 110
Processing ofNew Documents 115
Organization ofCadastral Information 129
Topological^ Structured Cadastral Data Concept 133
Topological Rules and Cadastral Index Mapping 136
Application ofthe Rules to cadastral Surveying 141
Boundary Definition 142
Subdivisions 143
Topological Rules and Principles Illustrated 146
CADASTRAL INFORMATION MODEL FOR TANZANIA
6 153
Cadastral Index Map Compilation inMetric Space 154
Cadastral Index Mapping in Topological Space 158
Cadastral Information System for Tanzania 160
Cadastral Index Map for Tanzania 160
Linkage Mechanism 166
7 PILOT PROJECT 172
Data Sources 74
1
Hardware and Software 178
Analogue image conversion 179
Attribute Data Processing 183
Spatial Analysis 188
Summary and Analysis ofResults 194
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 201
Recommendations 204
APPENDICES
A-l TEMPLATES FOR PROCESSING DOCUMENTS AT THE LAND
OFFICE 208
A-2 TEMPLATES FOR PROCESSING DOCUMENTS AT THE LAND
OFFICE 211
B EVOLUTION OF LAND TENURE POLICIES IN TANZANIA 214
C OBSERVATIONS AND CONCERNS WITH EXISTING SYSTEM 233
REFERENCES 243
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 254
VI
LIST OF TABLES
Table page
4-1 Administrative Regions in Tanzania 58
4-2 Land Registration zones in Tanzania 68
5-1 Cadastral Survey Processing Tasks 117
5-2 Improved procedure for processing and Issuing Certificate ofOccupancy 123
5-3 Document processing Tasks at the Land Registry 126
5-4 Point Equivalence Table 147
5-5 Line Equivalent Table 148
5-6 Line-Node Topology 148
5-7 Polygon-Line topology 150
6-1 Coding structure ofParcel Identifiers 169
6-2 Codes for Administrative regions in Tanzania 170
7-1 Textual information associated withIndividual Subdivision/Cadastral
Plans 175
7-2 Relevant Textual Information fromTitle Office and Land Registry 183
7-3 Erroneous Records Identified during data entry at the Land Office 186
7-4 Erroneous Records Isolated during data entry at the Land Registry 186
7-5 Results ofInternal Consistency Check among the Land Office records 187
7-6 Inconsistencies among Land Office and Land Registry records 188
vii
7-7 Query Types That Were Done on the Cadastral Information 189
7-8 Internal Inconsistencies Identified During manual Data Entry 196
7-9 Results ofInternal Consistency Check on the Data 197
7-10 Comparison ofland Office and Land Registry Records 198
vui
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure page
2-1 Land Management and Land Information Systems 15
2-2 Components ofa cadastre 27
2-3 Components ofa Cadastral Information System. 34
3-1 NRC Model for aMultipurpose Cadastre 41
3-2 Williamson's Multipurpose Land Information model 43
3-3 Cadastral Model for Developing Countries 44
MLHUD
4-1 Organizational Chart of 60
4-2 Survey and Demarcation 72
4-3 Allocation, Titling and Registration 73
4-4 Schematic Diagram ofthe Procedure for assessing Property 84
4-5 Land Office Procedure for Issuing a Certificate ofOccupancy 86
4-6 Procedure for Registering a Certificate ofOccupancy 89
5-1 Computerized Cadastral Data Management System 109
5-2 Procedure for Isolating Inconsistencies among Existing Land Records 112
5-3 Improved Cadastral Survey Processing Procedure 116
5-4 Revised Approach for Processing new Certificates ofOccupancy 122
5-5 Improved Procedure for Processing Documents at the Land Registry 125
i
ix
1
5-6 Topologically Structured Multipurpose Land Information Model 130
5-7 Node snapping precedence rule 137
5-8 Two Definitions ofa line 137
A
5-9 node-vertex precedence 138
5-10 Node-line precedence 139
5-1 Node precedence after a line intersection 140
5-12 Vertex snapping 141
5-13 Two Topological representations ofa Cadastral Boundary 142
5-14 Representation ofa Boundarywith Vertices 143
5-15 Topological errors in Cadastral Index Mapping 144
5-16 Three separate cadastral surveys 146
5-17 Two Topologically structured cadastral index maps ofthe same area 151
6-1 Coordinate Transformation in Metric Space 156
6-2 Topologically assembled cadastral index map 159
6-3 Graphical data conversion 161
6-4 Creating a Cadastral Index Map for Tanzania 163
7-1 Vector Drawing ofRegion Surrounding Pilot Area 173
7-2 Topologically Generated Cadastral map ofPilot Area 177
7-3 An Overlay ofCadastral map and a Geo-Referenced Aerial Photograph 182
7-4 Land Rent Analysis on Kijitonyama Block 44 191
A
7-5 Land Rent Analysis on Sinza Block 193
B-l Effect of1896 Land Tenure Amendment 217
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