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APPLIED RESEARCH IN HYDRAULICS AND HEAT FLOW APPLIED RESEARCH IN HYDRAULICS AND HEAT FLOW Kaveh Hariri Asli, PhD, and Soltan Ali Ogli Aliyev, PhD Apple Academic Press TORONTO NEW JERSEY CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc Taylor & Francis Group 3333 Mistwell Crescent 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Canada © 2014 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140423 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-3096-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason- able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organiza- tion that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com For information about Apple Academic Press product http://www.appleacademicpress.com ABOUT THE AUTHORS Kaveh Hariri Asli, PhD Kaveh Hariri Asli, PhD, is affiliated with the Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, National Academy of Science of Azerbaijan (AMEA) in Baku, Azerbaijan. He is a professional mechanical engineer with over 30 years of experience in practicing mechanical engineering design and teaching. He is author of over 50 articles and reports in the fields of fluid mechanics, hydraulics, automation and control systems. Dr. Hariri has consulted for a number of major corporations. Soltan Ali Ogli Aliyev, PhD Soltan Ali Ogli Aliyev, PhD, is Deputy Director of the Department of Math- ematics and Mechanics at the National Academy of Science of Azerbaijan (AMEA) in Baku, Azerbaijan. He served as a professor at several universities. He is the author and editor of several books as well as of a number of papers published in various journals and conference proceedings. CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................ix List of Symbols ...........................................................................................xi Preface .....................................................................................................xix Introduction ..............................................................................................xxi 1. Modeling for Heat Flow Process ................................................................1 2. Fluid and Fluid Mechanics .......................................................................21 3. Two Phases Flow and Vapor Bubble .......................................................49 4. Dynamic Modeling for Heat and Mass Transfer ....................................73 5. Vapor Pressure and Saturation Temperature.........................................97 6. Finite Difference and Method of Characteristics for Transitional Flow ..........................................................................................................123 7. Lagrangian and Eulerian Transitional Flow ........................................165 8. Dynamic Modeling for Water Flow .......................................................175 9. Modeling for Flow Process .....................................................................231 10. Dynamic Modeling for Mass and Momentum Transport ...................273 References and Further Reading ..............................................................303 Index ..........................................................................................................355 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACQ ammonium copper quaternary CCA chromated copper arsenate CFD computational fluid dynamics CM condition base maintenance DVCM discrete vapor cavity model EDL electric double layer FD finite differences FE finite elements FSI fluid-structure interaction FSP fiber saturation point FV finite volume FVM finite volume method GIS geography information systems MOC method of characteristics PLC program logic control Re. No Reynolds number RMS root-mean-square RTC real-time control UFW unaccounted for water VCF velocity correction factor WCM wave characteristic method