Applications of Nanofluid Transportation and Heat Transfer Simulation

701 Pages·2019·226.961 MB·English

by  Mohsen Sheikholeslami

Applications of
Nanofluid
Transportation and
Heat
Transfer Simulation
Mohsen Sheikholeslami
Applications of Nanofluid
Transportation and Heat
Transfer Simulation
Mohsen Sheikholeslami
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Iran
A volume in the Advances in Chemical and
Materials Engineering (ACME) Book Series
Published in the United States of America by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Sheikholeslami, Mohsen, 1988- author.
Title: Applications of nanofluid transportation and heat transfer simulation
/ by Mohsen Sheikholeslami.
Description: Hershey, PA : Engineering Science Reference, [2019]
Identifiers: LCCN 2018031663| ISBN 9781522575955 (h/c) | ISBN 9781522575962
(eISBN)
Subjects: LCSH: Nanofluids--Simulation methods. | Heat--Transmission.
Classification: LCC TJ853.4.M53 S54 2019 | DDC 620.1/064--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018031663

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Table of Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................................................vi
Chapter 1
NanotechnologyasEffectivePassiveTechniqueforHeatTransferAugmentation................................1
Chapter 2
UniformLorenzForcesImpactonNanoparticlesTransportation........................................................50
Chapter 3
Space-DependentLorenzForcesInfluenceonNanofluidBehavior...................................................163
Chapter 4
DischargingofNano-EnhancedPCMviaFiniteElementMethod.....................................................234
Chapter 5
NanoparticleTransportationinaPorousMedium..............................................................................268
Chapter 6
InfluenceofShapeofNanoparticlesonNanofluidHydrothermalBehavior......................................331
Chapter 7
InfluenceofElectricFieldonNanofluidForcedConvectionHeatTransfer......................................389
Chapter 8
NanofluidTreatmentinExistenceofMagneticFieldUsingNon-DarcyModelforPorousMedia...456
Chapter 9
MagneticFieldDependent(MFD)ViscosityEffectonNanofluidTreatment....................................556
Chapter 10
InfluenceofMeltingSurfaceonNanofluidConvectiveHeatTransfer...............................................642
About the Author..............................................................................................................................690
Index...................................................................................................................................................691

vi
Preface
Inthisbook,Iprovidereadersthevariousapplicationsofnanofluidflowandheattransfer.Different
numericalandanalyticalmethodshavebeenemployedtofindthesolutionofgoverningequations.
Thefirstchapterofthisbookdealswiththenecessaryfundamentalsofnanotechnology.Nanofluids
arefluidscontainingthesolidnanometersizeparticledispersion.Twomainmethodswereintroduced
namelysingle-phaseandtwo-phasemodeling.Infirstmethodthecombinationofnanoparticleandbase
fluidisconsideredasasingle-phasemixturewithsteadypropertiesandthesecondmethodthenanopar-
ticlepropertiesandbehaviorsareconsideredseparatelyfromthebasefluidpropertiesandbehaviors.
Moreover,nanofluidflowandheattransfercanbestudiedinpresenceofthermalradiation,electricfield,
magneticfield,andporousmedia.
Inthesecondchapter,influenceofuniformmagneticfieldonnanofluidflowandheattransferis
presented.Naturalconvectionundertheinfluenceofamagneticfieldhasgreatimportanceinmany
industrialapplicationssuchascrystalgrowth,metalcastingandliquidmetalcoolingblanketsforfusion
reactors.Existenceofmagneticfieldhasanoticeableeffectonheattransferreductionundernatural
convectionwhileinmanyengineeringapplicationsincreasingheattransferfromsolidsurfacesisagoal.
Atthiscircumstance,theuseofnanofluidswithhigherthermalconductivitycanbeconsideredasa
promisingsolution.
Thethirdchapterdealswitheffectofnon-uniformmagneticfieldonmagneticnanofluidbehavior.
Magneticnanofluid(Ferrofluid)isamagneticcolloidalsuspensionconsistingofbaseliquidandmag-
neticnanoparticleswithasizerangeof5–15nmindiametercoatedwithasurfactantlayer.Theeffectof
magneticfieldonfluidsisworthinvestigatingduetoitsnumerousapplicationsinwiderangeoffields.
Thestudyofinteractionofthemagneticfieldortheelectromagneticfieldwithfluidshavebeendocu-
mentede.g.amongnuclearfusion,chemicalengineering,medicineandtransformercooling.Thegoalof
nanofluidistoachievethehighestpossiblethermalpropertiesatthesmallestpossibleconcentrationsby
uniformdispersionandstablesuspensionofnanoparticlesinhostfluids.Inchapter,influenceofexternal
magneticfieldonferrofluidflowandheattransferisinvestigated.BotheffectsofFerrohydrodynamic
(FHD)andMagnetohydrodynamic(MHD)havebeentakenintoaccount.So,effectsofLorentzand
Kelvinforcesonhydrothermalbehaviorareexamined.
ApplicationofnanofluidforsavingthermalenergyinenergystoragesystemsisreportedinChapter
4.LatentHeatThermalEnergyStorageSystems(LHTESS)whichworkbasedonenergystorageand
retrievalduringsolid-liquidphasechangeisusedtoestablishbalancebetweenenergysupplyanddemand.
LHTESSstoresandretrievesthermalenergyduringsolid-liquidphasechange,whileinSHTESSphase
changedoesn’toccurduringtheenergystorageandretrievalprocess.LHTESShasalotofadvantages
incomparisontoSHTESS,Themostimportantoneisstoringalargeamountofenergyduringphase


Preface
changeprocess,whichmakestheenergystoragedensityinLHTESSmuchhigherthanSHTESS.Because
ofthisproperty,LHTESShaveawideapplicationindifferentcases,suchassolarAirDryer,HVAC
Systems,ElectronicChipCoolingandengineheatrecovery.Themainrestrictionforthesesystemsis
thermalconductivityweaknessofcommonPCMs.Inthischapter,themethodofaddingnanoparticles
topurePCMandmakingNano-EnhancedPhaseChangeMaterial(NEPCM)andusingfinwithsuitable
arrayarepresentedtoacceleratesolidificationprocess.Thenumericalapproachwhichisusedinthis
chapterisStandardGalerkinFiniteElementMethod.
BehaviorofnanofluidinaporousmediaisstudiedinChapter5.Thestudyofconvectiveheattrans-
ferinfluid-saturatedporousmediahasmanyimportantapplicationsintechnologygeothermalenergy
recoverysuchasoilrecovery,foodprocessing,fiberandgranularinsulation,porousburnerandheater,
combustionoflow-calorificfuelstodieselenginesanddesignofpackedbedreactors.Alsotheflowin
poroustubesorchannelshasbeenunderconsiderableattentioninrecentyearsbecauseofitsvariousap-
plicationsinbiomedicalengineering,transpirationcoolingboundarylayercontrolandgaseousdiffusion.
Nanofluidsareproducedbydispersingthenanometer-scalesolidparticlesintobaseliquidswithlow
thermalconductivitysuchaswater,ethyleneglycol(EG),oils.Inthischapter,nanofluidhydrothermal
behaviorinporousmediahasbeeninvestigated.
InChapter6,variousshapesofnanoparticleshavebeenusedtofindthebestshapeforheattransfer
enhancement.Shapeofnanoparticlecanchangesthethermalconductivityofnanofluid.So,effectof
shapefactoronnanofluidflowandheattransferhasbeenreportedinthischapter.Governingequations
arepresentedinvorticitystreamfunctionformulation.Controlvolumebasedfiniteelementmethod
(CVFEM)isutilizedtoobtaintheresults.ResultsindicatethatPlateletshapehasthehighestrateof
heattransfer.
Chapter7givesacompleteaccountofelectricfieldeffectsonnanofluidforcedconvectionheattransfer.
Inthischapter,effectofelectricfieldonforcedconvectionheattransferofnanofluidispresented.The
governingequationarederivedandpresentedinvorticitystreamfunctionformulation.ControlVolume
basedFiniteElementMethod(CVFEM)isemployedtosolvethefinalequations.Resultsindicatethat
theflowstyleisdependsonsuppliedvoltageandthiseffectismoresensibleforlowReynoldsnumber.
Non-DarcymodelforporousmediaisintroducedinChapter8.Bothnaturalandforcedconvection
heattransfercanbeanalyzedwiththismodel.Thegoverningequationsinformsofvorticitystreamfunc-
tionarederivedandthentheyaresolvedviaControlVolumebasedFiniteElementMethod(CVFEM).
EffectofDarcynumberonnanofluidflowandheattransferisexamined.
EffectofMagneticfielddependent(MFD)viscosityonnanofluidtreatmentisshowninChapter9.
Inthischapter,effectofmagneticfielddependent(MFD)viscosityonfreeconvectionheattransferof
nanofluidinanenclosureisinvestigated.SinglephasenanofluidmodelisutilizedconsideringBrownian
motion.ControlVolumebasedFiniteElementMethodisappliedtosimulatethisproblem.Theeffects
ofviscosityparameter,HartmannnumberandRayleighnumberonhydrothermalbehaviorhavebeen
examined.
Chapter10dealswitheffectofmeltingsurfaceonnanofluidconvectiveheattransfer.Inthischapter,
effectofmeltingsurfaceheattransferonMagnetohydrodynamicnanofluidfreeconvectionisanalyzed
bymeansofControlVolumebasedFiniteElementMethod(CVFEM).KKLmodelistakenintoac-
counttoobtainviscosityandthermalconductivityofCuO-waternanofluid.Rolesofmeltingparameter,
nanofluidvolumefraction,HartmannandRayleighnumbersareillustrated.
vii
Preface
Severalexamplesexistinthisbookwhichhelpsthereadertounderstandallscientifictopics.The
user(bachelor’s,master’sandPhDstudents,universityteachersandeveninresearchcentersindifferent
fields)canencountersuchsystemsinconfidently.Inthedifferentchaptersofthebook,notonlyarethe
basicideasofthemethodsbroadlydiscussed,butalsoappliedexamplesarepracticallysolvedbythe
proposedmethodology.
Mohsen Sheikholeslami
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Iran
viii
1
Chapter 1
Nanotechnology as Effective
Passive Technique for Heat
Transfer Augmentation
ABSTRACT
Nanofluids are fluids containing the solid nanometer-sized particle dispersion. Two main methods are
introduced in this chapter, namely single-phase and two-phase modeling. In first method, the combina-
tion of nanoparticle and base fluid is considered as a single-phase mixture with steady properties, and
in the second method, the nanoparticle properties and behaviors are considered separately from the
base fluid properties and behaviors. Moreover, nanofluid flow and heat transfer can be studied in the
presence of thermal radiation, electric field, magnetic field, and porous media. In this chapter, a defini-
tion of nanofluid and its applications have been presented.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nanofluids are produced by dispersing the nanometer-scale solid particles into base liquids with low
thermal conductivity such as water, ethylene glycol (EG), oils, etc. Control of heat transfer in many
energy systems is crucial due to the increase in energy prices. In recent years, nanofluids technology
is proposed and studied by some researchers experimentally or numerically to control heat transfer in a
process. The nanofluid can be applied to engineering problems, such as heat exchangers, cooling of elec-
tronic equipment and chemical processes. There are two ways for simulation of nanofluid: single phase
and two phase. In first method, researchers assumed that nanofluids treated as the common pure fluid
and conventional equations of mass, momentum and energy are used and the only effect of nanofluid is
its thermal conductivity and viscosity which are obtained from the theoretical models or experimental
data. These researchers assumed that nanoparticles are in thermal equilibrium and there aren’t any slip
velocities between the nanoparticles and fluid molecules, thus they have a uniform mixture of nanopar-
ticles. In second method, researchers assumed that there are slip velocities between nanoparticles and
fluid molecules. So the volume fraction of nanofluids may not be uniform anymore and there would be
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7595-5.ch001
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