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Springer Series in Reliability Engineering Hoang Pham Editor Applications in Reliability and Statistical Computing Springer Series in Reliability Engineering SeriesEditor HoangPham,DepartmentofIndustrialandSystemsEngineering, RutgersUniversity,Piscataway,NJ,USA Today’s modern systems have become increasingly complex to design and build, while the demand for reliability and cost effective development continues. Reli- ability is one of the most important attributes in all these systems, including aerospace applications, real-time control, medical applications, defense systems, humandecision-making,andhome-securityproducts.Growinginternationalcompe- titionhasincreasedtheneedforalldesigners,managers,practitioners,scientistsand engineerstoensurealevelofreliabilityoftheirproductbeforereleaseatthelowest cost.Theinterestinreliabilityhasbeengrowinginrecentyearsandthistrendwill continueduringthenextdecadeandbeyond. TheSpringerSeriesinReliabilityEngineeringpublishesbooks,monographsand edited volumes in important areas of current theoretical research development in reliabilityandinareasthatattempttobridgethegapbetweentheoryandapplication inareasofinteresttopractitionersinindustry,laboratories,business,andgovernment. Nowwith100volumes! **IndexedinScopusandEICompendex** Interestedauthorsshouldcontacttheserieseditor,HoangPham,Departmentof IndustrialandSystemsEngineering,RutgersUniversity,Piscataway,NJ08854, USA. Email: [email protected], or Anthony Doyle, Executive Editor, Springer,London.Email:[email protected]. Hoang Pham Editor Applications in Reliability and Statistical Computing Editor HoangPham DepartmentofIndustrialandSystems Engineering Rutgers,TheStateUniversityofNewJersey Piscataway,NJ,USA ISSN 1614-7839 ISSN 2196-999X (electronic) SpringerSeriesinReliabilityEngineering ISBN 978-3-031-21231-4 ISBN 978-3-031-21232-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21232-1 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland ToMyFatheronHis90thBirthday! Preface We’re living in an era of fast and unpredictable change. Billions of people are connected to each other through their mobile devices. Data is being collected and processedeachdaylikeneverbefore.With5GandIoTsettogenerateanestimated 1billionterabytesofdataby2025,companiescontinuetosearchfornewtechniques andtoolsthatcanhelpthempracticedatacollectioneffectivelyinpromotingtheir business.Alargeportionofthisdatawillcomefromsmartdevices,smartcommuni- ties.Theeraofbigdatathroughreliabilityandstatisticalcomputingwithalmostall applicationsinourdailylifehasexperiencedadramaticshiftinthepasttwodecades toatrulyglobalindustry.Theforcesthathavedriventhischangearestillatplayand willcontinue.Mostoftheproductswhichaffectourdailylivesarebecomingeven morecomplexthanever. Thebookconsistsof15chaptersthatcoversaselectionofrecentdevelopments and applications on various related topics in reliability and statistical computing. The emphasis of this book is on the practical applications of reliability and statistical methods and techniques in various disciplines using machine learning, risk assessment,modelingandoptimization,andothercomputationalmethods. Allchaptersinthebookarewrittenbyleadingresearchersandpractitionersintheir respectivefieldswithahopetoconnectthegapbetweenthetheoreticalandpractical computationsintheapplicationareasofreliabilityandstatisticalcomputing. IacknowledgeSpringerforthisopportunityandprofessionalsupport.Importantly, Iwouldliketothankallthechapterauthorsandreviewersfortheiravailabilityfor thiswork. Piscataway,NJ,USA HoangPham September2022 vii Contents ForecastingTheLong-TermGrowthofS&P500Index ................ 1 StephenH.-T.Lihn SmartMaintenanceandHumanFactorModelingforAircraft Safety ............................................................ 25 EricT.T.WongandW.Y.Man Feedback-BasedAlgorithmforNegotiatingHumanPreferences andMakingRiskAssessmentDecisions .............................. 61 SilviaCarpitella,AntonellaCerta,andJoaquínIzquierdo JoiningAspectDetectionandOpinionTargetExpressionBased onMulti-DeepLearningModels .................................... 85 BuiThanhHung VotingSystemswithSupervisingMechanisms ........................ 97 TingnanLinandHoangPham AssessingtheSeverityofCOVID-19intheUnitedStates .............. 117 KehanGao,SarahTasneem,andTaghiKhoshgoftaar PromotingExpertKnowledgeforComprehensiveHumanRisk ManagementinIndustrialEnvironments ............................ 135 IlyasMzougui,SilviaCarpitella,andJoaquínIzquierdo DataQualityAssessmentforMLDecision-Making ................... 163 Alexandra-S¸tefaniaMoloiu, GrigoreAlbeanu, HenrikMadsen, andFlorinPopen¸tiu-Vla˘dicescu From Holistic Health to Holistic Reliability—Toward an Integration of Classical Reliability with Modern Big-Data BasedHealthMonitoring ........................................... 179 FengbinSun ix x Contents On the Aspects of Vitamin D and COVID-19 Infections and Modeling Time-Delay Body’s Immune System withTime-DependentEffectsofVitaminDandProbiotic ............. 201 HoangPham A Staff Scheduling Problem of Customers with Reservations in Consideration with Expected Wait Time of a Customer withoutReservation ............................................... 219 JunjiKoyanagi Decision Support System for Ranking of Software Reliability GrowthModels .................................................... 227 DevanshuKumarSingh,Hitesh,VijayKumar,andHoangPham HumanPoseEstimationUsingArtificialIntelligence .................. 245 HimanshuSharma, AnshulTickoo, AvinashK.Shrivastava, andUmerKhan NeuralNetworkModelingandWhat-IfScenarios:Applications forMarketDevelopmentForecasting ................................ 271 ValentinaKuskova,DmitryZaytsev,GregoryKhvatsky,andAnnaSokol MentalHealthStudies:AReview ................................... 289 RachelWesleyandHoangPham Editor and Contributors AbouttheEditor Hoang Pham is a Distinguished Professor and former Chairman (2007–2013) of theDepartmentofIndustrialandSystemsEngineeringatRutgersUniversity.Before joining Rutgers in 1993, he was a Senior Engineering Specialist with the Idaho NationalEngineeringLaboratory,IdahoFalls,IdahoandBoeingCompanyinSeattle, Washington.Hisresearchareasincludereliabilitymodelingandprediction,software reliability,andstatisticalinference.Heiseditor-in-chiefoftheInternationalJournal ofReliability,Quality,andSafetyEngineeringandeditoroftheSpringerSeriesin Reliability Engineering and has been conference chair and program chair of over 50 international conferences and workshops. Dr. Pham is the author or coauthor of7booksandhaspublishedover200journalarticlesand100conferencepapers, and edited 17 books including Springer Handbook in Engineering Statistics and HandbookinReliabilityEngineering.Hehasdeliveredover40invitedkeynoteand plenaryspeechesatmanyinternationalconferencesandinstitutions.Hisnumerous awardsincludethe2009IEEEReliabilitySocietyEngineeroftheYearAward.He isaFellowoftheIEEE,AAIA,andIISE. Contributors GrigoreAlbeanu “SpiruHaret”University,Bucharest,Romania SilviaCarpitella DepartmentofManufacturingSystemsEngineeringandManage- ment,CaliforniaStateUniversity,Northridge,USA AntonellaCerta DepartmentofEngineering,UniversityofPalermo,Palermo,Italy KehanGao DepartmentofComputerScience,EasternConnecticutStateUniver- sity,Willimantic,CT,USA xi