Apple Utility Programs

110 Pages·2002·0.27 MB·English

PROGRAMMER’S AID #1
INSTALLATION AND OPERATING MANUAL
TM
Apple Utility Programs
Published by
APPLE COMPUTER INC.
10260 Bandley Drive
Cupertino. California 95014
(408) 996—1010
All rights reserved.
@1978 by APPLE COMPUTER INC. Reorder APPLE Product #A2L0011
(030—0026)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
XI Features of Programmer s Aid #1
XII How to install the Programmer’s Aid ROM
CHAPTER 1
RENUMBER
2 Renumbering an entire BASIC program
2 Renumbering a portion of a BASIC program
4 Comments
CHAPTER 2
APPEND
6 Appending one BASIC program to another
6 Comments
II
CHAPTER 3
TAPE VERIFY (BASIC)
8 VerifyIng a Basic program saved on tape
8 Comments
III
CHAPTER 4
TAPE VERIFY
(Machine Code or Data)
10 Verifying a portion of memory saved on tape
10 Comments
IV
CHAPTER 5
RELOCATE
12 Part A: Theory of operation
12 Relocating machine—language code
13 Program model
14 Blocks and Segments
15 Code and Data Segments
16 How to use the Code—Relocation feature
18 Part B: Examples of Code relocation
18 Example 1. Straightforward relocation
19 Example 2. Index into Block
20 Example 3. Immediate address reference
20 Example 4. Unusable Block ranges
21 Example 5. Changing the page zero variable allocation
22 Example 6. Split Blocks with cross—referencing
23 Example 7. Code deletion
24 Example 8. Relocating the APPLE II Monitor ($F800-$FFFF)
to run in RAM ($800—$FFF)
25 Part C: Further details
25 Technical Information
26 Algorithm used by the Code—Relocation feature
27 Comments
V
CHAPTER 6
RAM TEST
30 Testing APPLE’s memory
31 Address ranges for standard memory configurations
32. - Error messages
Type I — Simple error
Type II — Dynamic error
33 Testing for intermittent failure
34 Comments
VI
CHAPTER 7
MUSIC
36 Generating musical tones
37 Comments
VII
CHAPTER 8
HIGH-RESOLUTION GRAPHICS
40 Part A: Setting up parameters, subroutines, and colors
40 Positioning, the High—Resolution parameters
41 Defining subroutine manes
41 Defining color names
42 Speeding up your program
43 Part B: Preparing the screen for graphics
43 The INITialization subroutine
43 Changing the graphics screen
44 ClEARing the screen to. BLACK
44 Coloring the BacKGrouND
45 Part C: PLOTting points and LINEs
46 Part D: Creating, saving and loading shapes
46 Introduction
47 Creating a Shape Table
53 Saving a Shape Table
54 Loading a Shape Table
55 First use of Shape Table.
56 Part E: Drawing shapes from a prepared Shape Table
56 Assigning parameter values: SHAPE, SCALE and ROTation
57 DRAWing shapes
58 Linking shapes: DRAWl
59 Collisions
60 Part F: Technical information
60 Locations of the High—Resolution parameters
61 Variables used within the High—Resolution subroutines
62 Shape Table information
63 Integer BASIC memory map
64 Part G: Comments
VIII