Apple Pro Training Series: OS X Lion Support Essentials: Supporting and Troubleshooting OS X Lion

674 Pages·2011·24.87 MB·English

by  Kevin M. White

Apple Pro Training Series: OS X Lion Support Essentials
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Understand OS X Lion’s underlying technologies, Configure stand-alone and Troubleshoot software and hardware
software components, and industry-standard protocols. networked Macintosh computers issues with Apple-recomended procedures.
with step-by-step instructions.
The Apple-Certified Way to Learn S O
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This is the official curriculum of Apple’s Lion 101: OS X Support The Apple Pro Training Series is both a self-paced
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Essentials 10.7 course and preparation for the Apple Certified learning tool and the official curriculum of the Apple Training o X
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Support Professional (ACSP) 10.7 certification—as well as a and Certification program. Upon completing the course material t
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top-notch primer for anyone who needs to support, trouble- in this book, you can become an Apple Certified Support Profes- n L
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shoot, or optimize OS X Lion systems. The book provides com- sional by passing the OS X Support Essentials 10.7 Exam. Work a io
prehensive coverage of Lion and is the only Apple-certified book through this book as self-study material or attend a class at an n
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on the market. Designed for support technicians, help desk spe- Apple Authorized Training Center. To learn more, please visit
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cialists, and ardent Mac users, this guide takes you deep inside the www.apple.com/training. r S
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Lion operating system. Readers will find in-depth, step-by-step u u
instruction on everything from installing and configuring Lion Also available in the Apple Pro Training Series: b
to managing networks and system administration. Whether you  OS X Lion Server Essentials le p
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run a computer lab or an IT department, you’ll learn to set up h Apple Pro Training Series
About the Author Kevin M. White has dedicated his profes- o o
users, manage permissions, customize the operating system,
sional life to mastering Apple technologies so he can share his o r
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ACSP certification. O
corporate groups and sold-out crowds at Macworld Expo. Kevin s OS X Lion
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 Covers updated system utilities and new features of OS X Lion. co-authored his first book in 2005 and has subsequently authored X s
 Features authoritative explanations of underlying technologies, several books including Mac OS X Support Essentials v10.6 and L e
troubleshooting procedures, system administration, and Mac OS X Deployment v10.6. Kevin continues to work for Apple io n
much more. and its customers through his company, Macjutsu Inc., which is n t Support Essentials
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 Focused lessons take you step-by-step through practical, real- dedicated to sharing knowledge of the “Apple way.” a
world tasks. l
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 Accessible writing puts an expert instructor at your side.
 Lesson goals and time estimates help you to plan your time.
Supporting and Troubleshooting OS X Lion
 Chapter review questions summarize what you learn to prepare
you for the Apple certification exam.
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USA $64.99 Canada $67.99 e
Companion Web Page: Kevin M. White
Check for updates at ISBN-13: 978-0-321-77507-8
www.peachpit.com/aptsosx ISBN-10: 0-321-77507-4
5 6 4 9 9
Peachpit Press Book Level Beginner/Intermediate Certification exam preparation
www.peachpit.com Computer Book Shelf Category Macintosh for: Apple Certified Support
Requires OS X Lion 9 780321 775078 Professional 10.7
Apple Pro Training Series
OS X Lion Support
Essentials
Kevin M. White
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Apple Pro Training Series: OS X Lion Support Essentials
Kevin M. White
Copyright © 2012 by Peachpit Press
Published by Peachpit Press. For information on Peachpit Press books, contact:
Peachpit Press
1249 Eighth Street
Berkeley, CA 94710
[phone]
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To report errors, please send a note to [email protected]. Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson
Education.

Apple Series Editor: Lisa McClain
Production Coordinator: Kim Elmore, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Technical Editor: John C. Welch
Apple Reviewer: Shane Ross
Apple Project Manager: Judy Lawrence
Copy Editor: Peggy Nauts
Proofreader: Gail Nelson
Compositor: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
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Indexer: Jack Lewis
Cover Illustration: Kent Oberheu
Cover Production: Chris Gillespie, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Notice of Rights
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, con-
tact [email protected].
Notice of Liability
The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every pre-
caution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall
have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be
caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software
and hardware products described in it.
Trademarks
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of
a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other
product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and
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or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book.
ISBN 13: 978-0-321-77507-8 ISBN 10: 0-321-77507-4
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Acknowledgments In addition to the amazing Peachpit staff members
who were instrumental in completing this work, I would like to thank the
development team for their hard work: Judy Lawrence, Shane Ross, Gordon
Davisson, and Adam Karneboge. Additional thanks go to John Signa, Arek
Dreyer, Ben Greisler, John Soward, Shoun Regan, Jason Bruder, and Brian
Gupton. Finally, I could not have made this journey without the support of my
family and loving wife, Michelle.
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This book is dedicated to the newest member of my family, Sawyer Martin
White.
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Contents at a Glance
Getting Started .........................................xi
Chapter 1 Installation and Configuration ........................... 1
Chapter 2 User Accounts ......................................... 59
Chapter 3 File Systems .......................................... 121
Chapter 4 Data Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Chapter 5 Applications and Processes ............................. 285
Chapter 6 Network Configuration ................................ 353
Chapter 7 Network Services ..................................... 423
Chapter 8 Peripherals and Printing ............................... 523
Chapter 9 System Startup ........................................ 575
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Appendix A General Mac Troubleshooting .......................... 601
Appendix B Command-Line Essentials ............................. 609
Index ................................................ 637
v
Table of Contents
Getting Started .............................. xi
Chapter 1 Installation and Configuration ................. 1
About OS X Lion ........................................ 2
Before Upgrading a Previous System ....................... 4
Preparing the System Drive .............................. 10
Upgrade or Install Lion ................................. 12
Installer Troubleshooting ................................ 18
Using Lion Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ptg6917993
Using Setup Assistant ................................... 30
Configuring System Settings ............................. 41
Install Software and Updates ............................. 47
What You’ve Learned ................................... 54
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Review Quiz ........................................... 56
Chapter 2 User Accounts .............................. 59
Understanding User Accounts ........................... 60
Managing User Accounts ................................ 64
Managing User Home Folders ........................... 71
Managing Login and Fast User Switching .................. 80
Essential Account Security .............................. 86
Managing Keychains .................................... 98
Resetting Account Passwords ........................... 104
What You’ve Learned .................................. 116
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Review Quiz .......................................... 117
vi
Contents vii
Chapter 3 File Systems ................................ 121
Understanding File System Components ................. 122
Managing File Systems ................................. 126
Using Software RAID .................................. 146
Using Optical Media ................................... 154
Using FileVault 2 ...................................... 163
Understanding File System Permissions .................. 171
Managing Permissions via the Finder .................... 183
Managing Permissions via Terminal ..................... 189
Troubleshooting File Systems ........................... 196
What You’ve Learned .................................. 207
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Review Quiz .......................................... 209
Chapter 4 Data Management .......................... 213
Understanding the System File Structure ................. 214
Managing Font Resources .............................. 220
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Managing Hidden Items ............................... 223
Using Aliases and Links ................................ 228
Understanding File System Metadata .................... 234
Managing Launch Services ............................. 240
Using Spotlight and Quick Look ........................ 245
Using File Archives and Disk Images ..................... 255
Managing Time Machine ............................... 265
What You’ve Learned .................................. 279
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Review Quiz .......................................... 280
Chapter 5 Applications and Processes ..................285
Understanding Applications and Processes ............... 286
Installing and Updating Applications .................... 295
Managing Application Accessibility ...................... 312
Using Auto Save, Versions, and Resume .................. 315
Monitoring Applications and Processes .................. 324
Application Troubleshooting ............................ 331
Managing Dashboard .................................. 341
What You’ve Learned .................................. 347
viii Contents
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Review Quiz .......................................... 349
Chapter 6 Network Configuration ..................... 353
Understanding Network Concepts ....................... 354
Understanding Networks in Action ...................... 359
Configuring Basic Network Settings ..................... 365
Using Network Locations ............................... 367
Using Network Service Interfaces ........................ 370
Using Virtual Network Services ......................... 376
Using Network Protocols ............................... 388
Troubleshooting Network Configuration ................. 408
What You’ve Learned .................................. 416
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Review Quiz .......................................... 418
Chapter 7 Network Services ...........................423
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Understanding Network Services ........................ 424
Using Network Applications ............................ 430
Using File Sharing Services ............................. 438
Using Host Sharing Services ............................ 468
Securing Network Services ............................. 486
Troubleshooting Network Services ....................... 490
Understanding Directory Services ....................... 497
Configuring Network Directory Services ................. 500
Managing Network Authentication ...................... 507
Troubleshooting Directory Services ...................... 513
What You’ve Learned .................................. 515
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Review Quiz .......................................... 517
Chapter 8 Peripherals and Printing ..................... 523
Understanding Peripherals ............................. 524
Using Bluetooth Peripherals ............................ 534
Troubleshooting Peripherals ............................ 539
Understanding Printing, Scanning, and Faxing ............ 544
Configuring Printing, Scanning, and Faxing .............. 547
Managing Print Jobs ................................... 557
Contents ix
Sharing Printers ....................................... 565
Advanced Printing Management ........................ 568
Troubleshooting the Print System ....................... 570
What You’ve Learned .................................. 572
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Review Quiz .......................................... 573
Chapter 9 System Startup ............................. 575
Understanding the Startup Sequence ..................... 576
Sleep Modes, Logout, and Shutdown ..................... 587
Troubleshooting Startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
What You’ve Learned .................................. 596
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Review Quiz .......................................... 598
Appendix A General Mac Troubleshooting ................ 601
Troubleshooting Workflow ............................. 602
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Quick Fixes .......................................... 603
Diagnostic Tools ...................................... 605
Binary Search ......................................... 606
Research Resources .................................... 606
Appendix B Command-Line Essentials ...................609
Command-Line Basics ................................. 610
Command-Line Navigation ............................. 616
Command-Line File Manipulation ...................... 622
Command-Line Administration ......................... 630
Command-Line Tips and Tricks ......................... 634
Index ..................................... 637