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APPENDIX G Air Quality Modeling Protocol & Air Quality Impact Analysis Documentation PDF

167 Pages·2013·10.53 MB·English
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APPENDIX G Air Quality Modeling Protocol & Air Quality Impact Analysis Documentation Air Quality Modeling Protocol October 15, 2013 mk017-13 Ms. Margaret Valis Chief, Impact Assessment and Meteorology NYSDEC – Division of Air Resources 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233-3254 Subject: Caithness Long Island II, LLC Caithness Long Island Energy Center II Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Protocol Dear Ms. Valis: TRC has been retained by Caithness Long Island II, LLC (Caithness) to prepare a prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) permit application for a proposed approximately 752-megawatt (MW) combined cycle power facility to be constructed in the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York. The approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of the Caithness Long Island Energy Center II are 673,621 meters Easting, 4,520,851 meters Northing, in Zone 18, NAD83. Caithness is proposing to install two (2) General Electric (GE) 7FA.05 combustion turbines at the facility. The combustion turbines will be primarily natural gas-fired with distillate fuel oil with a sulfur concentration of no greater than 15 ppm (“ultra-low sulfur diesel” or “ULSD”) as backup fuel. Dry low NO burners and Selective Catalytic x Reduction (SCRs) will be used, in addition to water injection when firing ULSD, to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO ) emissions from the combustion turbines. The firing of primarily x natural gas and ULSD as backup in the combustion turbines will minimize emissions of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns (PM-10), sulfur dioxide (SO ) and sulfuric acid mist (H SO ). Additionally, an oxidation catalyst will be 2 2 4 installed to control the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Exhaust gases from each combustion turbine will flow into an adjacent heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) equipped with natural gas-fired duct burners. Each HRSG will produce steam to be used in the steam turbine generator. Combustion products will be discharged through two (2) exhaust stacks. Supporting auxiliary equipment includes a gas/ULSD fired auxiliary boiler, two (2) emergency diesel generators, and an emergency diesel firepump. Ms. Margaret Valis October 15, 2013 Page 2 of 2 Enclosed please find two (2) copies of the atmospheric dispersion modeling protocol for the Caithness Long Island Energy Center II project located in the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York. The enclosed protocol contains a project and site description and a preliminary site plan. The protocol also contains a detailed description of the modeling methodology proposed for the air quality impact analysis to be included in the PSD permit application. Please feel free to contact me or Ted Main at 201-508-6954 or 201-508-6960, respectively, should you have any questions regarding the enclosed protocol. We look forward to working with you on this project. Sincerely, TRC Michael D. Keller Senior Project Manager cc: A. Coulter, U.S. EPA M. Garber, Caithness R. Ain, Caithness T. Grace, Caithness M. Murphy, Beveridge and Diamond S. Gordon, Beveridge and Diamond T. Main, TRC C. Adduci, TRC K. Maher, TRC TRC Project File 206458 W:\keller\mk017-13.ltr.doc AIR QUALITY MODELING PROTOCOL Prepared for Caithness Long Island II, LLC Caithness Long Island Energy Center II Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York Submitted to New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Prepared by TRC 1200 Wall Street West, 5th Floor Lyndhurst, New Jersey 07071 October 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 AREA DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 2-1 3.0 FACILITY DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 3-5 3.1 Equipment/Fuels ............................................................................................................ 3-5 3.2 Operation ........................................................................................................................ 3-5 3.3 Selection of Sources for Modeling ................................................................................ 3-6 3.4 Exhaust Stack Configuration and Emission Parameters ............................................. 3-6 3.5 Good Engineering Practice Stack Height ...................................................................... 3-7 4.0 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 New Source Review ........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Attainment Status ....................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Prevention of Significant Deterioration ............................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Preconstruction Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Exemption ............................ 4-3 4.2 New York State Requirements ...................................................................................... 4-4 5.0 MODELING METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Model Selection .............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Surrounding Area and Land Use ................................................................................... 5-1 5.3 Meteorological Data ....................................................................................................... 5-2 5.4 Land Cover Analyses ......................................................................................................5 -4 5.4.1.1 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 5-4 5.5 Sources ............................................................................................................................ 5-7 5.6 Load Analysis .................................................................................................................. 5-7 5.7 Startups/Shutdowns....................................................................................................... 5-7 5.8 1-Hour NO Modeling..................................................................................................... 5-9 2 5.9 Receptor Grid ............................................................................................................... 5-10 5.9.1 Basic Grid ............................................................................................................. 5-10 5.10 Background Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................. 5-11 5.11 NAAQS/NYAAQS Analysis .......................................................................................... 5-11 5.12 PSD Increment Analysis ............................................................................................... 5-12 5.13 Additional Impact Analyses ......................................................................................... 5-12 5.13.1 Assessment of Impacts Due to Growth ................................................................ 5-12 5.13.2 Assessment of Impacts on Soils and Vegetation ................................................. 5-12 5.13.3 Impact on Visibility .............................................................................................. 5-13 5.13.4 Impacts on Class I Areas ...................................................................................... 5-13 5.14 Modeling Submittal ...................................................................................................... 5-13 6.0 NEW YORK STATE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REVIEW ANALYSES ..................... 6-1 6.1 Fine Particulates (PM-2.5) ............................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Acid Deposition ............................................................................................................. 6-2 6.3 Toxic Air Pollutant Analysis .......................................................................................... 6-2 6.4 Accidental Releases ....................................................................................................... 6-3 6.5 Combustion Turbine Visible Plume Analysis ............................................................... 6-3 6.5.1 TRC Visible Plume Model ..................................................................................... 6-4 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page 6.5.2 Combustion Visible Plume Modeling Methodology .............................................. 6-5 6.6 LIPA Project Cumulative Impact Assessment .............................................................. 6-6 6.7 Local Large Combustion Source Cumulative Analysis ................................................. 6-6 6.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ........................................................................................... 6-6 7.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 7-1 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Page Table 3-1: Combustion Turbine Source Parameters ................................................................... 3-10 Table 3-1: Combustion Turbine Source Parameters (continued) .............................................. 3-11 Table 3-2: Combustion Turbine Emission Rates ........................................................................ 3-12 Table 3-3: Auxiliary Boiler Exhaust Characteristics and Emissions .......................................... 3-13 Table 3-4: Emergency Diesel Generator Exhaust Characteristics and Emissions .................... 3-14 Table 3-5: Emergency Diesel Fire Pump Exhaust Characteristics and Emissions .................... 3-15 Table 4-1: Comparison of Proposed Project Emissions Increases to PSD Significant Modification Thresholds and Non-attainment NSR Major Modification Thresholds ..................... 4-7 Table 4-2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards, PSD Increments, Significant Monitoring Concentrations, and Significant Impact Levels .......................................................... 4-8 Table 4-3: New York Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................................. 4-9 Table 5-1: Comparison of Surface Parameters for the Brookhaven Airport Meteorological Tower and the Facility Site .................................................................................................... 5-14 Table 5-2: Combustion Turbine Modeled Emission Rates and Exhaust Parameters During Rapid Startup on Natural Gas ............................................................................................... 5-15 Table 5-3: Maximum Measured Ambient Air Quality Concentrations ...................................... 5-16 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Page Figure 2-1: Site Location Map ...................................................................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-2: Site Location Aerial Photograph ............................................................................... 2-4 Figure 3-1: Preliminary Site Plan ................................................................................................. 3-9 Figure 5-1: Full Modeling Domain and 3-Kilometer Radius Around the Caithness Long Island Energy Center II Site .................................................................................................. 5-17 Figure 5-2: Wind Rose for the Brookhaven Airport Meteorological Tower (2008 – 2012) ...... 5-18 Figure 5-3: Location of the Proposed Caithness Long Island Energy Center II and the Brookhaven Airport .................................................................................................... 5-19 Figure 5-4: Land Use Within One Kilometer (4-Sectors) of the Brookhaven Meteorological Tower ......................................................................................................................... 5-20 Figure 5-5: Land Use Within One Kilometer of the Brookhaven Meteorological Tower .......... 5-21 Figure 5-6: Land Use Within One Kilometer of the Caithness Long Island Energy Center II Site ............................................................................................................................. 5-22 Figure 5-7: Land Use Within Five Kilometers of the Brookhaven Airport Meteorological Tower ..........................................................................................................................5-23 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Page Figure 5-8: Land Use Within Five Kilometers of the Caithness Long Island Energy Center II Site ............................................................................................................................. 5-24 Figure 5-9: Land Use (NLCD 2006) Within One Kilometer of the Brookhaven Meteorological Tower .......................................................................................................................... 5-25 Figure 5-10: Land Use (NLCD 2006) Within One Kilometer of the Caithness Long Island Energy Center II Site .............................................................................................................. 5-26 iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION Caithness Long Island II, LLC (Caithness) is proposing to construct an approximately 752- megawatt (MW) primarily natural gas fired 2-on-1 combined cycle power facility (Caithness Long Island Energy Center II or CLI-II) on a parcel of land that borders the existing Caithness Long Island Energy Center in the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York. The proposed facility (combustion turbines) will be primarily fueled by natural gas with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) as emergency backup. Because the proposed facility is located in an attainment area for sulfur dioxide (SO ), nitrogen 2 dioxide (NO ), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 2 less than 10 micrometers (m) (PM-10) and will potentially emit more than 100 tons per year of several air pollutants, it will be subject to 6 NYCRR Part 231/Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permitting. Further, the project is subject to the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA) and the potential environmental impacts of the project will be assessed and discussed in a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) to be reviewed by the Town of Brookhaven, serving as Lead Agency. This protocol is prepared to satisfy the air quality assessment requirements of both the SEQRA DEIS and Part 231/PSD construction permit review process. The additional SEQRA air quality assessment requirements are presented in Section 6. For PM-2.5, Suffolk County is in the process of being redesignated from nonattainment to attainment status. U.S. EPA established annual and 24-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM-2.5 in 1997, and strengthened the 24-hour NAAQS in 2006. When these NAAQS were established, EPA determined that the New York City (NYC) metro area, encompassing NYC and surrounding counties (including Suffolk County) in New York, Connecticut and New Jersey should be designated as nonattainment. Since then, PM-2.5 concentrations have steadily improved, and, in 2010 and 2012, respectively, U.S. EPA determined (based on multiple years of data) that the entire NYC metro area had attained the PM-2.5 annual and 24-hour NAAQS, paving the way for formal redesignation (75 Fed. Reg. 69589; 77 Fed. Reg. 76867). New York submitted a formal PM-2.5 redesignation request in June 2013. The submission included a maintenance plan to ensure continued compliance with the PM-2.5 NAAQS. The plan provides recorded and projected emissions inventories of PM-2.5 and its precursors, including future motor vehicle emissions budgets (MVEBs) for transportation conformity purposes. U.S. EPA has already determined that New York’s MVEBs are adequate. Since April 2013, U.S. EPA has proposed fifteen (15) PM-2.5 nonattainment area redesignation requests for approval, with twelve (12) already finalized. Formal action on New York’s redesignation request 1-1 is expected in the near future – well in advance of agency action on CLI-II’s air permit application. Therefore, for the purposes of this air quality modeling protocol, the proposed project’s air quality modeling analyses will assess the project’s compliance assuming the area that the project is to be located in is designated attainment for PM-2.5. Non-attainment New Source Review (NNSR) rules will apply to NO and volatile organic x compound (VOC) emissions (as precursors to the non-attainment pollutant ozone). Caithness expects that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO ), PM-10, PM-2.5, and CO will exceed the x pollutant specific PSD significant emission rates (SER) and, consequently, an air dispersion modeling analysis will be required for these pollutants. Furthermore, an air quality assessment to determine the potential impact of the project emissions on the NAAQS/NYAAQS will be prepared to satisfy the requirements for the SEQRA DEIS. Suffolk County is designated as moderate non-attainment for the 8-hour ozone standard. Since the existing facility is a major source, if potential annual emissions of NO and/or VOC exceed x the major source thresholds (i.e., 25 tons per year of NO and/or 25 tons per year of VOC), the x proposed facility will be subject to NNSR. The air quality analysis will be required to demonstrate that CLI-II will be compliant with all applicable PSD increment levels, National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and New York Ambient Air Quality Standards (NYAAQS). Initially, the air quality impact of the proposed facility will be modeled using potential emission rates to determine if the facility will yield significant air quality impacts (i.e., maximum modeled concentrations greater than the PSD significant impact concentrations). The significance modeling will be performed for multiple operating loads. The pollutant-specific “worst-case” operating scenario determined from the significance modeling analysis will be used in all subsequent modeling, including any PSD increment and multiple source NAAQS/NYAAQS analyses, if necessary. On August 20, 2013, representatives from Caithness and TRC Environmental Corporation (TRC), Caithness’ environmental consultants on the project, attended a pre-application meeting with representatives of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) in Albany, New York. The meeting was held to discuss key issues related to the permitting of the proposed facility. This modeling protocol has been prepared to describe the techniques that are proposed for completing the air quality modeling analyses for both the SEQRA DEIS/FEIS and the Part 231/PSD requirements that will be required to demonstrate that CLI-II will comply with requirements related to ambient impacts, such as compliance with ambient air quality standards, PSD increments (for the Part 231/PSD air permit application), and state ambient guideline concentrations for air toxics. The proposed modeling procedures are intended to be consistent with guidance provided by U.S. EPA in the “Guideline on Air Quality Models” which appears in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51, the “Draft 1-2

Description:
approximately 752-megawatt (MW) combined cycle power facility to be constructed in the. Town of Review Workshop Manual (U.S. EPA, 1990), Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air. Quality Impact of 2/25/2008. NO. SIEMENS SGT6-5000F COMBUSTION TURBINE #1  W/ DB. 2,142.
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