Appendix 2 - Geotechnical investigations

242 Pages·2015·20.33 MB·English

Forrestfield Airport Link Project
Stage 2 Geotechnical Investigation

Groundwater Conditions Report
Prepared by: Golder Associates Pty Ltd
FAL Document Number: FAL-PTAWA-GE-RPT-00009
May 2015
CONFIDENTIAL
Version control
Version No. Date Document Prepared By Endorsed By
Status
A 17/04/2015 Draft Golder Associates Pty Eric Hudson-Smith
Ltd
0 26/05/2015 Final Golder Associates Pty Eric Hudson-Smith
Ltd

Approvals
The signatures below certify that this report has been reviewed, endorsed and approved, and that
the signatories are aware of all the requirements contained herein and are committed to ensuring
their provision.

Reviewed

………………………………………………Signature Date
Dave Thomas
Delivery Manager

Approved

………………………………………………Signature Date
Ray Seman
Project Director

2 Forrestfield Airport Link: Stage 2 Geotechnical Investigation, Groundwater Conditions
Report| May 2015
May 2015
FORRESTFIELD-AIRPORT LINK PROJECT,
STAGE 2 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Groundwater Conditions
Report
FOR INFORMATION
Submitted to:
Public Transport Authority
Public Transport Centre
West Parade
PERTH WA 6000

T
R
O
P
E
Report Number. 147642129-077-R-Rev0
R
Distribution:
2 Copies - Public Transport Authority
1 Copy - Golder Associates Pty Ltd
FAL STAGE 2 GI – GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS REPORT

Record of Revision
Company Client Contact Revision Description Date Issued
PTA Mary Durkan A Draft issued for client review 17/04/2015
PTA Mary Durkan 0 Final issued for use 26/05/2015

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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Related Reports ............................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 2
3.0 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.0 SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 Topography and Surface Features ............................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Climate ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Geology ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
5.0 HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 6
5.1 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.2 Assignment of Hydrogeological Units ........................................................................................................... 6
5.2.1 West Zone ............................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2.2 East Zone ................................................................................................................................................ 7
5.3 Groundwater Levels ...................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.1 Published Information ............................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.2 Historical Trends ..................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.3 Seasonal Fluctuations ............................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.4 March 2015 Levels .................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.5 Multi Aquifer System (West Zone)........................................................................................................... 9
5.3.6 Perched Groundwater Levels .................................................................................................................. 9
5.3.6.1 West Zone ........................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3.6.2 East Zone ............................................................................................................................................ 9
5.4 Groundwater Recharge .............................................................................................................................. 10
5.5 Groundwater Discharge .............................................................................................................................. 10
5.5.1 Surface Water ....................................................................................................................................... 10
5.5.2 Drains .................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.5.3 Local Groundwater Users ..................................................................................................................... 11
5.6 Groundwater Flow ...................................................................................................................................... 11
5.7 Hydraulic Properties ................................................................................................................................... 12
5.7.1 Transmissivity ....................................................................................................................................... 12
5.7.2 Hydraulic Conductivity ........................................................................................................................... 13
5.7.3 Storage Coefficient................................................................................................................................ 13
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5.8 Groundwater Quality ................................................................................................................................... 16
6.0 DEWATERING ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
6.1 Dewatering Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 17
6.2 Dewatering Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 19
6.3 Groundwater Modelling ............................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.1 Groundwater Modelling ......................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.2 Model Scenario Runs ............................................................................................................................ 20
6.4 Dewatering Rates ....................................................................................................................................... 21
6.5 Effects of Dewatering .................................................................................................................................. 22
6.5.1 Groundwater Quality ............................................................................................................................. 23
6.5.2 Surface Water ....................................................................................................................................... 23
6.5.3 Means of Reducing Effects ................................................................................................................... 23
6.6 Dewatering Disposal Options...................................................................................................................... 24
6.6.1 Recharge Wells ..................................................................................................................................... 24
6.6.2 Reuse on Site ....................................................................................................................................... 24
6.6.3 Infiltration .............................................................................................................................................. 24
6.6.4 Stormwater System ............................................................................................................................... 25
6.6.5 Sewer .................................................................................................................................................... 25
7.0 DESIGN GROUNDWATER LEVELS (50 AND 120 YEAR) ..................................................................................... 26
7.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.1 Key Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.2 Design Groundwater Level Estimation .................................................................................................. 27
7.1.2.1 50 Year Design Groundwater Levels ................................................................................................. 27
7.1.2.2 120 Year Design Groundwater Levels ............................................................................................... 28
7.2 Design Groundwater Level ......................................................................................................................... 29
7.2.1 Perched Aquifer at Forrestfield ............................................................................................................. 29
7.3 Risks Associated with Design Groundwater Levels .................................................................................... 30
7.4 Drainage Control ......................................................................................................................................... 30
8.0 INFILTRATION CAPACITY ..................................................................................................................................... 31
9.0 KEY HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................... 33
9.1 Bayswater Dive Structure ........................................................................................................................... 33
9.2 Airport West Station .................................................................................................................................... 33
9.3 Consolidated Airport Terminal Station ........................................................................................................ 34
9.4 Forrestfield Area ......................................................................................................................................... 35
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10.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER WORK ..................................................................................................... 35
11.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
12.0 LIMITATIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 39

TABLES
Table 1: Summary of Project Specific Geological Units ...................................................................................................... 5
Table 2: Summary of Project Specific Hydrogeological Units .............................................................................................. 6
Table 3: Transmissivity Values from the Pumping Test Analysis ...................................................................................... 13
Table 4a: Summary of Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivities by Hydrogeological Unit (m/d) ............................................... 14
Table 4b: Summary of Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivities by Hydrogeological Unit (x10-5 m/s) ...................................... 15
Table 5: Construction Details and Dewatering Requirements ........................................................................................... 17
Table 6: Model Scenarios. ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Table 7: Modelled Dewatering Rates and Volume ............................................................................................................ 21
Table 8: Modelled Extent of Groundwater Level Drawdown (m) ....................................................................................... 22
Table 9: 50 and 120 Year Design Groundwater Levels ..................................................................................................... 29
Table 10: Infiltration Test Results ...................................................................................................................................... 32

FIGURES (WITHIN REPORT)
Sketch A: Forrestfield-Airport Link Project - Golder Report Series Breakdown. This report is shown coloured and
other reports in the series are shown in grey. .................................................................................................... 1
Sketch B: Annual Rainfall from 1945-2014 (BOM ID 9021 – Perth Airport)......................................................................... 4

FIGURES (FOLLOWING REPORT)
Figure 1: General Site Location Plan
Figure 2: Conceptual Geological Model and Relationship Diagram
Figure 3: Conceptual Hydrogeological Model
Figure 4: Publicly Available Water Data
Figure 5: March 2015 Groundwater Levels – Map book
Figure 6A: Groundwater Level Drawdown Contours – Plan View for Upper Aquifer. Scenario 1A and 1B:
Bayswater Dive Structure (16 Weeks)
Figure 6B: Groundwater Drawdown Contours – Cross Section. Scenario 1A and 1B: Bayswater Dive Structure
(16 Weeks)
Figure 7A: Groundwater Drawdown Level Contours – Plan View. Scenario 2A: Airport West Station (52 Weeks)
Figure 7B: Groundwater Drawdown Contours – Cross Section. Scenario 2A: Airport West Station (52 Weeks)
Figure 8A: Groundwater Drawdown Level Contours – Plan View. Scenario 3A: Consolidated Airport Terminal
Station (52 Weeks)
Figure 8B: Groundwater Drawdown Contours – Cross Section. Scenario 3A: Consolidated Airport Terminal
Station (52 Weeks)
Figure 9A: Groundwater Drawdown Level Contours – Plan View. Scenario 3B: Consolidated Airport Terminal
Station (52 Weeks)
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Figure 9B: Groundwater Drawdown Contours – Cross Section. Scenario 3B: Consolidated Airport Terminal
Station (52 Weeks)
Figure 10A: Groundwater Level Drawdown Contours – Plan View. Scenario 4A: Forrestfield Dive Structure (16
Weeks)
Figure 10B: Groundwater Drawdown Contours – Cross Section. Scenario 4A: Forrestfield Dive Structure (16
Weeks)
Figure 11A: Groundwater Level Drawdown Contours – Plan View. Scenario 4B: Forrestfield Dive Structure (16
Weeks)
Figure 11B: Groundwater Drawdown Contours – Cross Section. Scenario 4B: Forrestfield Dive Structure (16
Weeks)
Figure 12: Long Section – 50 and 120 Year Design Groundwater Levels

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Historical Hydrographs
APPENDIX B
March 2015 Groundwater Level Measurements
APPENDIX C
Summary of Analysis of PSD Samples
APPENDIX D
Summary of Slug Test Analysis
APPENDIX E
Summary of Test Pumping Analysis
APPENDIX F
Description of Preliminary Groundwater Model Setup
APPENDIX G
Summary of Analysis of Inverse Auger Hole Testing
APPENDIX H
Summary of Analysis of Infiltration Testing
APPENDIX I
Limitations

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List of Abbreviations, Acronyms, Definitions and Units
This list contains abbreviations, acronyms, definitions and units used on this project and in the complete
Golder Associates Pty Ltd (Golder) Stage 2 geotechnical investigation report series.
AASS Actual Acid Sulfate Soil
AF Ascot Formation
AFa Ascot Formation – Ascot Beds
AFj Ascot Formation – Jandakot Beds
a Peak horizontal ground acceleration
h
AHD Australian Height Datum
AS Australian Standard
ASS Acid Sulfate Soil
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATV Acoustic Televiewer
AWS Airport West Station
bgl below ground level
BH Borehole
BS Bassendean Sand
CaCO Calcium carbonate
3
CATS Consolidated Airport Terminal Station
CBD Central Business District
CBR California Bearing Ratio
C Compression index
c
CERCHAR Laboratoire du Center d' Études et Recherches des Charbonnages de France,
Abrasiveness Index
CH Chainage
CIU Consolidated, Isotropic and Undrained
CP Cross Passage
CPT Cone Penetration Test
CPTU Piezocone Penetration Test
C Recompression index
r
CRR Cyclic Resistance Ratio
CRS Chromium Reducible Sulfur
C Swelling index
s
CSR Cyclic Stress Ratio
c Undrained shear strength (as shown on flat plate dilatometer test reports) = s
u u
DBYD Dial Before You Dig
DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
DDR Dry Density Ratio
DIRD Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development
DMT, D Flat Plate Dilatometer
DPR Drilling Parameter Recording
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E’ Drained Young’s modulus
EA axial stiffness of tunnel lining
EE Emergency Egress shaft
EI bending stiffness of tunnel lining
EPB Earth Pressure Balance
E Equivalent rock Young’s modulus
r
ERI Electrical Resistivity Imaging
FAL Forrestfield-Airport Link
FFS Forrestfield Station
F Liquefaction triggering factor
L
FR Friction Ratio (cone penetration testing)
f Sleeve friction (cone penetration testing)
s
FWS Full Waveform Sonic
G Small strain shear modulus
0
G Working-strain shear modulus
GF Guildford Formation
GPS Global Positioning System
GS Gnangara Sand
HA Hand Augered borehole
HCl Hydrochloric acid
IBC Intermediate Bulk Containers
I Material index (flat plate dilatometer testing)
D
I Rigidity index = G/s
r u
I Point Load Strength Index (PLI) corrected to 50 mm diameter
s50
ISSMGE International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
k hydraulic conductivity (in situ permeability)
k horizontal hydraulic conductivity (permeability)
h
k vertical hydraulic conductivity (permeability)
v
k hydraulic conductivity (permeability) in the x direction in the model (= k )
x h
k hydraulic conductivity (permeability) in the y direction in the model (= k )
y v
K Coefficient of at-rest earth pressure
0
K Horizontal stress index (flat plate dilatometer testing)
D
LCPC Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées
LG Gas monitoring well
M Constrained modulus (flat plate dilatometer testing)
MASW Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves
MG Made Ground (Fill)
MIS Marine Isotope Stage (palaeochannel reference)
MMDD Maximum dry density/moisture content relationship using modified compactive effort
MRWA Main Roads Western Australia
MW Groundwater Monitoring Well
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia
NQ Drilling rod size with rod outside diameter = 69.9 mm
OF Osborne Formation
OFf Osborne Formation – Kardinya Shale Member fines dominated
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