Apollo Program Summary Report JSC-09423

522 Pages·2005·42.73 MB·English

September 2005 Publication Note

The Apollo Program Summary Report, JSC-09423, is a summary of the
major activities of Apollo. It provides reference material for those who
need additional information about the project. It was published in April
of 1975 by NASA. The original document was provided by Tom
Sheehan, who was a Johnson Space Center Network Controller during
the Apollo missions.

This PDF version was produced by Bill Wood. The original pages were
scanned with an Epson Expression 10000XL, using Silverfast AI Studio,
to produce high quality 300 pixel per inch, 48-bit images, for further
processing. Each page image was straightened and cleaned up in Photo-
shop CS2 prior to producing 150 pixel-per-inch GIF page images. Mi-
crosoft Word 2002 was used to compose the page images into a DOC
file prior to conversion to PDF pages. Where available, high resolution
NASA color images were obtained from Kipp Teague’s Project Apollo
Archive and used to replace the printed black and white halftone images.
Finally, Adobe Acrobat 7 Professional was used to add the bookmarks
before the final PDF edition was produced.

Bill Wood was a Unified S-Band Lead Engineer at the Goldstone Apollo
MSFN station during the lunar missions. Tom Sheehan was the head of
the MSC Instrumentation Support Team as well as a network controller
during the Apollo and Skylab missions. Both are now retired in Bar-
stow, California and Houston, Texas, USA.
JSC-09423
APOLLOP ROGRAM SUMMARY REPORT
NATIONAALE RONAUTICASN D SPACEA DMINISTRATION
LYNDON B. JOHNSON SPACEC ENTER
HOUSTON,T EXAS
April1 975
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CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTI.O N 1-1
2.0 FLIGHT PROGRAM 2-1
2.1 SATURNLA UNCH VEHICLE AND APOLLOS PACECRAFDTE VELOPMENTF LIGHTS 2-1
2.1.1 MissionS A-l 2-1
2.1.2 MissionS A-2 2-3
2.1.3 MissionS A-3 2-3
2.1.4 MissionS A-4 2-4
2.1.5 MissionS A-5 2-4
2.1.6 MissionA -101 2-5
2.1.7 MissionA -102 2-5
2.1.8 MissionA -103 2-7
2.1.9 MissionA -104 2-9
2.1.10 MissionA -105 2-9
2.2 APOLLOS PACECRAFATB ORTT ESTS 2-ll
2.2.1 Pad AbortT est1 2-ll
2.2.2 MissionA -DOl 2-13
2.2.3 Mission A-Q02 2-13
2.2.4 MissionA -Q03 2-15
2.2.5 Pad AbortT est2 2-15
2.2.6 MissionA -004 2-16
2.3 UNMANN ED APOLLO/SATUFRLNI GHTS 2-17
2.3.1 MissionA S-201 2-17
2.3.2 MissionA S-203 2-19
2.3.3 MissionA S-202 2-21
2.3.4 Apollo4 Mission 2-22
2.3.5 Apollo5 Mission 2-24
2.3.6 Apollo6 Mission 2-26
2.4 MANNEDA POLLO/SATUFRLNI GHTS 2-27
2.4.1 ApolloI Mission 2-27
2.4.2 Apollo7 Mission 2-27
2.4.3 Apollo8 Mission 2-29
2.4.4 Apollo9 Mission 2-32
2.4.5 Apollo1 0 Mission 2-34
2.4.6 Apollol l Mission 2-36
2.4.7 Apollo1 2 Mission 2-38
2.4.8 Apollo1 3 Hissi on 2-39
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Section Page
2.4.9 Apollo1 4 Mission 2-41
2.4.10 Apollo1 5 Mission 2-45
2.4.11 Apollo1 6 Mission 2-48
2.4.12 Apollo1 7 Mission 2-51
2.5 REFERENCES 2-54
3.0 SCIENCES ��y 3-1
3.1 INTRODUCTION 3-1
3.2 LUNARS URFACES CIENCE 3-1
3.2.1 Geologyo f the Apollo1 1 LandingS ite 3-4
3.2.2 Geologyo f the Apollo1 2 LandingS ite 3-8
3.2.3 Geologyo f the Apollo1 4 LandingS ite 3-11
3.2.4 Geologyo f the Apollo1 5 Landing Site 3-15
3.2.5 Geologyo f the Apollo1 6 LandingS ite 3-19
3.2.6 Geologyo f the Apollo1 7 LandingS ite 3-23
3.2.7 Geologya nd SoilM echanicEsg uipmen.t 3-26
3.2.7.1 Apollo lunars urfaceh andtools 3-26
3.2.7.2 Toolc arriers 3-29
3.2.7.3 Apollol unars ampler eturnc ontainer 3-29
3.2.7.4 Bags and specialc ontainers 3-29
3.2.7.5 Lunar surfascaemp ler 3-33
3.2.7.6 Lunarr ovingv ehicle sosialm pler 3-33
3.2.7.7 Penetrometers 3-33
3.2.7.8 Apollol unars urfaced rill 3-33
3.2.8 ApolloL unarS urfaceE xperiments Package/
CentralS tation . . • • 3-36
3.2.9 PassiveS eismicE xperiment 3-41
3.2.10 ActiveS eismicE xperiment 3-44
3.2.ll LunarS eismicP rofilingE xperiment 3-45
3.2.12 LunarS urfaceMa gnetometerE xperiment 3-45
3.2.13 LunarP ortableMa gnetometerE xperiment 3-46
3.2.14 Heat Flow Experiment. • 3-48
3.2.15 LunarS urfaceG ravimeterE xperiment 3-48
3.2.16 TraverseG ravimeterE xperiment • • • 3-50
3.2.17 SurfaceE lectricaPlr opertieEsxp eriment 3-50
3.2.18 NeutronP robeE xperiment • • 3-51
3.2.19 Laser RangingR etroreflector 3-51
3.2.20 Charged-ParticLlunea r EnvironmentE xperiment 3-52
3.2.21 SolarW indS pectrometeErx periment 3-53
3.2.22 SolarW ind CompositioEnx periment 3-54
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Section Page
3.2.23 Suprathermal Ion Detector and Cold-Cathode Gage Experiments 3-54
3.2.24 Cosmic Ray Detector Experiment . . . . 3-56
3.2.25 Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment 3-57
3.2.26 Lunar Atmospheric Composition Experiment 3-60
3.2.27 Lunar Dust Detector 3-62
3 2... 28 Surveyor III Analysis 3-62
3.2.29 Particle Implantation Studies 3-62
3.2.30 Long-Term Lunar Surface Exposure 3-63
3.2.31 Far-Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph 3-63
3.3 LUNAR ORBITAL SCIENCE . 3-65
3.3.1 Bistatic Radar 3-65
3.3.2 S-Band Transponder 3-71
3.3.3 Infrared Scanning Radiometer 3-71
3.3.4 Lunar Sounder 3-72
3.3.5 Particle Shadows/Boundary Layer 3-73
3.3.6 Magnetometer . . . � . . 3-75
3.3.7 Subsatellite Performance 3-75
3.3,7.1 _Apollo 15 3-75
'33.. 7 .2 Apollo 16 3-76
3.3.8 Cosmic Ray Detector (Helmets) 3-76
3.3.9 Apollo Window Meteoroid 3-76
3.3.10 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer 3-77
3.3.11 X-Ray Fluorescence . . 3-78
3.3.12 Alpha-Particle Spectrometer 3-79
3.3.13 Mass Spectrometer 3-79
3.).14 Far-Ultraviolet Spectrometer 3-80
3.3.15 Lunar Mission Photography From the Command and
Service Module • . . . . . . 3-81
3.3.16 Lunar Multispectral Photography 3-82
3.3.17 Candidate Exploration Sites Photography 3-82
3.3.18 Selenodetic Reference Point Update 3-82
3.3.19 Transearth Lunar Photography • . . 3-82
3.3.20 Service Module Orbital Photographic Tasks 3-83
3.3.21 Command Module Orbital Science Photography 3-85
3.3.22 Visual Observations From Lunar Orbit 3-86
3.3.23 Gegenschein From Lunar Orbit • 3-87
3.3.24 Ultraviolet Photography - Earth and Moon 3-87
3.3.25 Dim-Light Photography • . • • . . 3-88
3.3.26 Command Module Photographic Tasks 3-88
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Section Page
3.4 EARTH RESOURCEPSH OTOGRAPHY 3-90
3.4.1 SynopticT errainP hotography 3-90
3.4.2 SynoptiWce atherP hotography 3-90
3.4.3 MultispectrTaelr rainP hotography 3-90
3.5 BIOMEDICALE XPERIMENTS • 3-91
3.5.1 MicrobiaRle sponsteo SpaceE nvironment 3-91
3.5.2 BiostackE xperiment • 3-95
3.5.3 BiologicaClo smicR adiatioEnx periment 3-95
3.6 INFLIGHDTE MONSTRATIONS 3-98
3.6.1 FluidE lectrophoresis 3-98
3.6.1.1 Apollo1 4 3-100
3.6.1.2 Apollo1 6 3-100
3.6.2 LiquidT ransfer 3-100
3.6.2.1 Unbaffletda nks 3-101
3.6.2.2 Baffledt anks 3-102
3.6.3 HeatF lowa nd Convection 3-102
3.6.3.1 Apollo1 4 demonstration 3-102
3.6.3.2 Apollo1 7 demonstrations 3-103
3.6.3.3 Summary of interpretations 3-104
3.6.4 CompositCea sting 3-104
3.7 REFERENCES 3-105
4.0 VEHICLED EVELOPMENTA ND PERFORMANCE 4-1
4.1 SATURNLA UNCH VEHICLES 4-1
4.1.1 Introduction 4-1
4.1.2 SaturnI 4-1
4.1.3 Saturn1 8 4-4
4.1.4 SaturnV . 4-4
4.1.5 Designa nd Development 4-4
4.1.6 MissionP erofrmance 4-6
4.2 LITTLE JOIEI PROGRAM 4-6
4.2.1 Introduction 4-6
4.2.2 LaunchV ehicleD evelopment 4-7
4.2.3 Spacecraft 4-7
4.2.4 ConcludinRge marks 4-11