Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report PDF
Preview Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report
NASA SP-330 Preliminary Science Repo NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION APOLLO 17 PRELIMINARY SCIENCE REPORT Apollo 17 command and service module over the Taurus-Littrow landing site. NASA SP-330 Preliminary Science Report PREPARED BY LYNDOI\1 B. JOHNSON SPACE CENTER Scientific and Technical Information Office 1973 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. EDITORIAL BOARD The material submitted for the "Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report" was reviewed by a NASA Editorial Review Board consisting of the following members: Robert A. Parker (Chairman), Richard R. Baldwin, Robin Brett, Jerry D. Fuller, Robert L. Giesecke, John B. Hanley, David N. Holman, Robert M. Mercer, Susan N. Montgomery, Michael J. Murphy, and Scott H. Simpkinson. Cover Photographs: Clockwise from upper right: (I) The command and service module scientific instrument module bay viewed from the lunar module. (2) Photomicrograph of a thin section of the orange soil sample collected at Shorty Crater. (3) Orange soil on the rim of Shorty Crater with the gnomon in the background. The soil consists of small orange glass spheres as shown in the photomicrograph above. (4) Large breccia boulder sampled near the base of the North Massif. The boulder appears to have rolled down the massif and broken into five pieces. The lunar roving vehicle is parked to the right of the boulder. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402 Price Librar$y7 o.9f5 C ongress Catalox Card Number Number 3300-00523 73-600152 Stock Foreword The character of the Apollo 17 mission to Taurus-Littrow was such that it invited superlatives. By almost all measures, it was an immensely successful voyage of exploration: the greatest harvest of new scientific data, the most kilometers traveled on the surface of the Moon, the largest number of scientific experiments performed-both in real time, by a scientist on the surface, and by automatic instrumentation installed and left behind-the longest time spent on and around the Moon, and the greatest amount of lunar samples returned for study in laboratories all over the world. But numerical measures like these, pleasing though they may be to the thousands of us who had some connection with this mission, do not seem an adequate characterization of this sixth and last of the Apollo series of manned lunar landings. We cannot now be sure how history will assess this extraordinary enterprise. It may be that, from the perspective of decades, the Apollo Program will stand out as the most singular achievement to date in the history of man's scientific and engineering endeavor. From this perspective, seen without hubris, it may be seen that all of us will be remembered for having livt�d at the time of Apollo. It may be that, in days to come, Apollo will be perceived as a threshold for mankind from the planet Earth. Dr. James C. Fletcher Administrator National Aeronautics and Space Administration v Contents Page INTRODUCTION xiii Anthony J. Calia 1. APOLLO 17 SITE SELECTION 1-1 W. Hinners N. 2. MISSION DESCRIPTION 2-1 Richard R. Baldwin 3. SUMMARY Of SCIENTIFIC RESULTS 3-1 Robert A. Parker 4. PHOTOGRAPHIC SUMMARY 4-1 M. McEwen and Uel Clanton C. S:. APPENDIX. NEAR-TERMINATOR AND EARTHSHINE PHOTOGRAPHY 4-33 James W. Head and Douglas Lloyd A GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TAURUS-LITTROW VALLEY Harrison Schmitt and Eugene A. Cernan 5. H. 5-1 6. PRELIMINARY GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF THE APOLLO LAND- ING SITE 6-1 17 W. R. Muehlberger, R. M. Batson, E. A. Cernan, V. L. Freeman, M. H. Hait, H. E. Holt, A. Howard, E. D. Jackson, K. Larson, S. Reed, J. Rennilson, H. Sc;f!mitt, D. H. Scott, R. L. Sutton, D. K.H. B. V. Stuart-Alexander, G. A. Swann, J. Trask, G. E. Ulrich, G. Wilshire, J. N. H. and E. Wolfe W. 7. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF LUNAR SAMPLES 7-1 The Lunar Sample Preliminary Examination Team 8. SOIL MECHANICS 8-1 James K. Mitchell, W. David Carrier, Nicholas C. Castes, William N. Houston, Ronald F. Scott, and John Hovlqnd III, H. 9. HEAT FLOW EXPERIMENT 9-1 Marcus G. Langseth, Jr., Stephen J. Keihm, and John L. Chute, Jr. 10. LUNAR SEISMIC PROFILING EXPERIMENT 10-1 Robert L. Kovach, Joel S. Watkins, and Pradeep Talwani vii viii APOLLO 17 PRELIMINARY SCIENCE REPORT 11. PASSIVE SEISMIC EXPERIMENT 11-1 Gary V. Latham, Maurice Ewing, Frank Press, James Dorman, Yosio Nakamura, Nafi Toksoz, Davis Lammlein, Fred Duennebier, and Anton Dainty 12. LUNAR SURFACE GRAVIMETER EXPERIMENT 12-1 John J. Giganti, J. V. Larson, J. P. Richard, and J. Weber 13. TRAVERSE GRAVIMETER EXPERIMENT 13-1 Manik Talwani, George Thompson, Brian Dent, Hans-Gert Kahle, and Sheldon Buck 14. S-BAND TRANSPONDER EXPERIMENT 14-1 W. L. Sjogren, W. R. Wollenhaupt, and R. Wimberly N. 15. SURFACE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES EXPERIMENT 15-1 Gene Simmons, David Strangway, Peter Annan, Richard Baker, Lawrence Bannister, Rayman Brown, William Cooper, Dean Cubley, Joseph deBet tencourt, Anthony W. England, John Groener, fin-Au Kong, Gerald LaTorraca, James Meyer, Ved Nanda, David Redman, James Rossiter, Leung Tsang, Joseph Urner, and Raymond Watts 16. LUNAR EJECTA AND METEORITES EXPERIMENT 16-1 E. Berg, F. F. Richardson, and H. Burton 0. 17. LUNAR ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION EXPERIMENT J. Hoffman, R. R. Hodges, Jr., F. S. Johnson, and D. E. Evans 17-1 H. 18. LUNAR NEUTRON PROBE EXPERIMENT 18-1 Dorothy S. Woolum, D. S. Burnett, and C. A. Bauman 19. COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT 19-1 PART A. MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY SOLAR WIND AND HIGHER ENERGY SOLAR PARTICLES DURING THE APOLLO 17 MISSION 19-2 R. M. Walker, E. Zinner, and M. Maurette PART B. QUIET TIME ENERGY SPECTRA OF HEAVY NUCLEI FROM 20 TO 400keV/amu 19-11 R. T. Woods, R. Hart, Jr., and R. L. Fleischer H. PART C. THE NATURE OF INTERPLANETARY HEAVY IONS WITH 0.1 < E<40 MeV/NUCLEON 19-15 P. B. Price and J. H. Chan 20. GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT, Nai(Tl) DETECTOR CRYSTALACTIVATION 20-1 J. Trombka, R. L. Schmadebeck, M. Bielefeld, G. D. O'Kelley, J. S. Eldridge, J. Northcutt, A. E. Metzger, E. Schonfeld, L. E. Peterson, J. I. K. R. Arnold, and R. Reedy C. CONTENTS ix 21. APOLLO WINDOW METEOROID EXPERIMENT 21-1 Burton G. Cour-Palais 22. APOLLO LUNAR SOUNDER EXPERIMENT 22-1 R. J. Phillips, G. F. Adams, W. E. Brown, Jr., R. E. Eggleton, P. Jackson, R. Jordan, W. Lin/or, W. J. Peeples, L. J. Porcello, J. Ryu, G. Schaber, I. R. Sill, T. Thompson, S. Ward, and J. S. Zelenka W. W. H. 23. ULTRA VIOLET SPECTROMETER EXPERIMENT 23-1 William G. Fastie, Paul D. Feldman, Richard Henry, Warren Moos, C. H. Charles A. Barth, Gary E. Thomas, Charles F. Lillie, and Thomas M. Donahue 24. INFRARED SCANNING RADIOMETER 24-1 F. J. Low and W. Mendell W. 25. BIOSTACK EXPERIMENT 25-1 H. Bucker, G. Horneck, E. Reinholz, Ruther, E. H. Graul, Planet, J. W. H. P. Soleilhavoup, P. Cuer, R. Kaiser, J. P. Massue, R. Pfohl, W. Enge, K. P. Bartholomii, R. Beaujean, K. Fukui, Allkofer, W. Heinrich, E. V. 0. C. Benton, E. Schopper, G. Henig, J. Schott, H. Fran(:ois, G. Portal, U. H. Kuhn, D. Harder, H. Wollenhaupt, and G. Bowman 26. BIOCORE EXPERIMENT 26-1 Bailey, E. V. Benton, M. R. Cruty, G. A. Harrison, Haymaker, G. 0. T. W. Humason, A. Leon, R. L. Lindberg, B. Look, C. Lushbaugh, D. E. H. C. C. Philpott, T. Samorajski, R. Simmonds, K. P. Suri, J. Tremor, C. E. C. W. Turnbill, F. S. Vogel, D. L. Winter, and Zeman W. 27. VISUAL LIGHT FLASH PHENOMENON 27-1 L. S. Pinsky, Z. Osborne, and J. V. Bailey W. 28. GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FROM LUNAR ORBIT 28-1 R. E. Evans and Farouk El-Baz 29. STRATIGRAPHIC STUDIES 29-I PART A. BASALT STRATIGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN MARE SERENITATIS 29-1 K. A. Howard, M. Carr, and R. Muehlberger W. H. PART B. GEOLOGIC SETTING OF THE DARK MANTLING MATERIAL IN THE TAURUS-LITTROW REGION OF THE MOON 29-13 B. Lucchitta K. PART C. RELATIVE AGES OF SOME NEAR-SIDE MARE UNITS BASED ON APOLLO 17 METRIC PHOTOGRAPHS 29-26 Joseph M. Boyce and Arthur L. Dial, Jr. PART D. GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE NORTHERN CRISIUM REGION 29-29 Don E. Wilhelms APOLLO 17 PRELIMINARY SCIENCE REPORT X 30. VOLCANIC STUDIES 30-1 PART A. COMPARATIVE GEOLOGY OF CRATER ARATUS CA (MARE SERENITATIS) AND BEAR CRATER (IDAHO) 30-1 Ronald Greeley PART B. MARE SERENITATIS CINDER CONES AND TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS 30-7 David Scott H. PART SOME VOLCANIC AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF MARE SERENITATIS 30-9 C. W. B. Bryan and Mary-Linda Adams PART D. "D-CALDERA": NEW PHOTOGRAPHS OF A UNIQUE FEATURE 30-13 Farouk El-Baz PART E. ERATOSTHENIAN VOLCANISM IN MARE IMBRIUM: SOURCE OF YOUNGEST LAVA FLOWS 30-17 , Gerald G. Schilber 31. MARE RIDGES AND RELATED STUDIES 31-1 PART A. VOLCANISM IN THE LUNAR MARIA 31-1 RichilrdA. Young, .Wfl!iam J. Brennan, Robert W. Wolfe, and Douglas J. Nichols PART B. MARE RIDGES AND LAVA LAKES 31-12 Carroll Ann Hodges PART C. LUNAR THRUST FAULTS INT HE TAURUS-UTTROW REGION 31-22 A. Howard and W. R. Muehlberger K. PART D. SMALL STRUCTURES OF THE TAURUS-LITTROW REGION 31-25 David Scott H. 32. CRATER STUDIES 32-1 PART A. LUNAR CRATER MORPiiOMETRY 32-1 Richilrd J. Pike PART B. AITKEN CRATER AND ITS ENVIRONS 32-8 Farouk El-Baz PART C. VOLCANIC FEATURES OF FAR-SIDE,CRATERAITKEN 32-13 W. B. Bryan and Mary-Linda Adams PART D. THE LUNAR HERRINGBONE PATTERN 32-15 VerneR. Oberbeck and Robert Morrison H.
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