Antenna Theory & Design PDF
Preview Antenna Theory & Design
TABLE OF CONSTANTS Electron charge P 1.602 Y coul Electron mass m 9.1055 x 10-"kg Proton mass 1.6723 x lo->' kg Speed of light c 299,792.5 km/sec Permittivity of free space 6, 8.854 x 10'2f aradslm Permeability of free space p, 4n x lo-' henriesim TABLE OF CONVERSION FACTORS - 1 newton = 0.225 lb loSd ynes I joule -- I newton-m I watt = I joule/sec 1 volt = l joulejcoul l ampere = I coul/sec I volt/m = I newton/coul I weber/m2 -- 1O"auss 1 amp/m = 4n x 10.' oersteds TABLE OF DIMENSIONS Charge coulomb Current ampere Volume charge density coul/m3 Areal current density amps/m2 Electric field voltslm Magnetic field webers/m2 Electric flux density coul/m2 Magnetic intensity amps/m Conductivity mho/m Permittivity faradslm Permeability henrieslm Resistance ohm Capacitance farad Inductance henry Length meter Mass kilogram Time second Force newton Energy joule Power watt IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVETHEORY The IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory consists ofn ew titles as well as reprints and revisions of recognized classics that maintain long-term archival significance in electromagnetic waves and applica- tions. Series Editor Donald G. Dudley Universiq ofArizona Advisory Board Robert 9.C ollin Case Western Reserve Universiv Akira lshimaru University of Washington D. S. Jones Universiq of Dundee Associate Editors ELECTROMAGNTEHTEICO RYS,C ATERING. INTEGRAL EQUATION METHODS AND DIFFRACTION Donald R. Wilton Ehud Heyman University ofHouston Tel-Aviv Universiq DIFFERENTIEAQLU ATIOMNE THODS ANTENNAPSR, OPAGATIOAKND. MICROWAVES Andreas C. Cangeliaris David R. Jackson Universily ofN iinois at Urbana-Champaign Universiq of Houston BOOKS INTHE IEEE PRESS SERIES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVETHEORY Christopoulos, C., The Transmission-Line Modeling Methods. TLM Clemmow. P C., The Plane Wave Spectrum Representation of Electromagnetic Fields Collin. R. B., Field Theov $Guided Waves. Second Edition Collin, R. E., Foundationsfor Microwave Engineering, Second Edition Dudley, D. G., Marhematicol Foundations,for Elecfmmagneric Theor?, Elliot, R. S., Electromagnetics: History, Theoiy. and Applications Felsen, L. B., and Marcuvitz. N., Radiation andScatferingof Waves Harrington. R. F, Fieid Computation b.v Momenf Methods Harrington, R. F., Time Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields Hansen et al., Plane- Wave Theoy ofTime-Domain Fields. Near-FieldScanningApplications lshimaru, A.. Wave Propagation andScattering in Random Media Jones, D. S., Methods in Eiecrromagneric Wave Propagation, Second Edition Lindell, I. V, Methodsfor Electron~agneticF ieldAnulysis Peterson et al., ComputationalMethodsfor Electromagnetics Tai, C. T., Genemlized Vector and Dyadic Ana[vsis: Applied Mathematics in Field Theov Tai; C. T, Dydic Green Funcrions in Electromagnetic Theov, Second Edition Van Bladel, J., Singular Electromagnetic Fields andSources Volakis et al., Finire Element Methodfor Electromagnetics: Antennas, Microwave Circuits, and Scattering Appiicarions Wait, J., EIecrromagneric Woves in ShatifiedMedia An IEEE Press Classic Reissue ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN Revised Edition Robert S. Elliott University of California Los Angeles, California IEEE .4ntennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor IEEE PRESS A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright 2003 by the Institute of Electronics & Electrical Engineers. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons. Inc.. Hoboken. New Jersey. Published simultaneouslv In Canada. This book was previously published by: Pearson Education Inc., formerly known as Prentice-Hall. Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical. photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise. except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act. without either the prior written pemiission of the Publisher. or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center. Inc.. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers. MA 01923. (978) 750-8400. fax (978) 750-4744. or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. I I I River Street. Hoboken. NJ 07030. (201 ) 748-601 1. fax (201) 748-6008. e-mail: [email protected]. Limit of LiabilityIDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book. they make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special. incidental. consequential. or other damages. For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 3 17-572-3993 or fax 3 17-572-4002 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print. however. may not be available in electronic format. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN 0-471 -44996-2 Printed in the United States of America. IEEE Press 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 IEEE Press Editorial Board Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, Editor in Chief M. Akay M. E. El-Hawary M. Padgett J. B. Anderson R. J. Herrick W. D. Reeve R. J. Baker D. Kirk S. Tewksbury J. E. Brewer R. Leonardi G. Zobrist M. S. Newman Kenneth Moore, Director of lEEE Press Catherine Faduska, Senior Acquisitions Editor IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, Sponsor APS Liaison to IEEE Press. Robert Mailloux To the memory of Tom Taylor foreword to the revised edition The purpose of the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory is to publish books of long-term archival significance in electromagnetics. Included are new titles as well as reprints and revisions of recognized classics. The book Antenna Theory and De- sign, by Robert S. Elliott is one such classic. In the case of antennas and Robert S. Elliott, I should like to be personal. Much of the material that forms the basis of Antenna Theory and Design I studied as a graduate student under Bob Elliott's guidance at UCLA in the late 1950's and early 1960's. This material became the fundamental background for me during my ten-year antenna design and development career at Hughes Aircraft Company and, what was then, North American Rockwell. The notes I compiled in his courses later became the foundation for two anten- na courses when I nioved on to the University of Arizona in 1968. Antenna theory can be studied, assimilated, and then written down in a textbook with little practical experience. Antenna design is another matter entirely. Bob Elliott's ca- reer has been in actuality two careers in one. He has contributed significantly to antenna and microwave component design and development at Hughes Aircraft Company and Rantec Corporation while also forming and leading a strong, internationally recognized antenna and microwave program at UCLA. The book, Antenna Theory and Design, re- flects the breadth and depth of coverage that such a background would suggest. As a re- sult, the book is useful to academics and also to practitioners in industry and government laboratories. Professor Elliott has been an internationally well-known contributor to electromag- netic~fo r many years. He is universally regarded among his peers and students as an elec- tromagnetic scholar. As an example, his clear and groundbreaking exposition on electro- magnetics and its relationship to the special theory of relativity appears in the widely-regarded book, Electromagnetics; History, Theory, and Applications. This scholar- ly work was added to the IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory in 1993. Professor Elliott is a Fellow of the IEEE (1961). Prior to his retirement from active teaching, he was the Hughes Distinguished Professor of Electromagnetics at UCLA. Among his teaching awards, he was elected Best Teacher, UCLA Campus-Wide (1 983) and has been elected Best Teacher, UCLA College of Engineering, four times. Among his many professional honors, he was elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Engineer- ing (1988). The IEEiE Antennas and Propagation Society (APS) awarded him the APS
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