Table Of Content

ANSYS Mechanical APDL Feature Archive ANSYS, Inc. Release 15.0 Southpointe November 2013 275 Technology Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317 ANSYS, Inc. is ansysinfo@ansys.com certified to ISO 9001:2008. http://www.ansys.com (T) 724-746-3304 (F) 724-514-9494 Copyright and Trademark Information © 2013 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohibited. ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Ansoft, AUTODYN, EKM, Engineering Knowledge Manager, CFX, FLUENT, HFSS and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD is a trademark used by ANSYS, Inc. under license. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. All other brand, product, service and feature names or trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Disclaimer Notice THIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARE CONFID- ENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, OR LICENSORS.The software products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software license agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, compliance with exporting laws, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions.The software products and documentation may be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that software license agreement. ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008. U.S. Government Rights For U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement and FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses). Third-Party Software See the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS proprietary software and third-party software. If you are unable to access the Legal Notice, please contact ANSYS, Inc. Published in the U.S.A. Table of Contents About This Archive....................................................................................................................................... xi I. Legacy Features....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Piping Models................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.What the Piping Commands Can Do for You................................................................................ 3 1.2. Modeling Piping Systems with Piping Commands....................................................................... 3 1.2.1. Specify the Jobname and Title............................................................................................ 4 1.2.2. Set Up the Basic Piping Data............................................................................................... 4 1.2.3. Define the Piping System's Geometry................................................................................. 5 1.2.3.1. Review and Modify Your Piping Model....................................................................... 5 1.3. Example Piping Model Input....................................................................................................... 5 2. Subroutines....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Creep Subroutine UserCr............................................................................................................ 9 2.2. Subroutine UserPL (Writing Your Own Plasticity Laws)............................................................... 10 2.3. Subroutine UserVisLaw (Defining Viscosity Laws)....................................................................... 12 2.4. Subroutine usflex (Computes the flexibility factor for PIPE16 and PIPE18)................................... 12 3. Restarting a Direct Coupled-Field Analysis.................................................................................... 15 3.1. Singleframe Restart................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.1. Singleframe Restart Requirements.................................................................................... 15 3.1.2. Singleframe Restart Procedure......................................................................................... 17 3.1.3. Restarting a Nonlinear Analysis From an Incompatible Database....................................... 18 3.1.3.1. Re-establishing Boundary Conditions....................................................................... 19 4. Partial Solution Procedure.............................................................................................................. 21 4.1. Partial Inertia Relief Calculations................................................................................................ 21 4.2. Comparison of Linear Perturbation and Partial Solution Procedures........................................... 22 5. Surface Solution.............................................................................................................................. 25 6. Reduced Modal Analysis Procedure................................................................................................ 27 II. Legacy Commands................................................................................................................................ 29 III. Legacy Material Properties.................................................................................................................. 79 1. Anisotropy....................................................................................................................................... 81 2. Multilinear Elasticity....................................................................................................................... 83 IV. Legacy Elements.................................................................................................................................. 85 4. BEAM4: 3-D Elastic Beam.................................................................................................................... 87 12. CONTAC12: 2-D Point-to-Point Contact........................................................................................... 101 16. PIPE16: Elastic Straight Pipe............................................................................................................ 109 18. PIPE18: Elastic Curved Pipe............................................................................................................. 121 42. PLANE42: 2-D Structural Solid......................................................................................................... 131 45. SOLID45: 3-D Structural Solid......................................................................................................... 139 52. CONTAC52: 3-D Point-to-Point Contact........................................................................................... 149 59. PIPE59: Immersed Pipe or Cable..................................................................................................... 157 63. SHELL63: Elastic Shell..................................................................................................................... 175 79. FLUID79: 2-D Contained Fluid......................................................................................................... 185 80. FLUID80: 3-D Contained Fluid......................................................................................................... 189 81. FLUID81: Axisymmetric-Harmonic Contained Fluid......................................................................... 195 82. PLANE82: 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid............................................................................................ 201 92. SOLID92: 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid......................................................................... 209 95. SOLID95: 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid........................................................................................... 215 V. Legacy Theory..................................................................................................................................... 223 1. Archived Theory Element Library................................................................................................. 225 1.1. BEAM4 - 3-D Elastic Beam........................................................................................................ 225 1.1.1. Stiffness and Mass Matrices............................................................................................ 225 Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. iii Feature Archive 1.1.2. Gyroscopic Damping Matrix........................................................................................... 229 1.1.3. Pressure and Temperature Load Vector........................................................................... 229 1.1.4. Local to Global Conversion............................................................................................. 229 1.1.5. Stress Calculations.......................................................................................................... 231 1.2. CONTAC12 - 2-D Point-to-Point Contact................................................................................... 232 1.2.1. Element Matrices............................................................................................................ 232 1.2.2. Orientation of the Element............................................................................................. 234 1.2.3. Rigid Coulomb Friction................................................................................................... 234 1.3. PIPE16 - Elastic Straight Pipe.................................................................................................... 235 1.3.1. Assumptions and Restrictions......................................................................................... 236 1.3.2. Stiffness Matrix............................................................................................................... 236 1.3.3. Mass Matrix.................................................................................................................... 236 1.3.4. Gyroscopic Damping Matrix........................................................................................... 237 1.3.5. Load Vector.................................................................................................................... 238 1.3.6. Stress Calculation........................................................................................................... 240 1.4. PIPE18 - Elastic Curved Pipe..................................................................................................... 246 1.4.1. Other Applicable Sections.............................................................................................. 246 1.4.2. Stiffness Matrix............................................................................................................... 246 1.4.3. Mass Matrix.................................................................................................................... 249 1.4.4. Load Vector.................................................................................................................... 250 1.4.5. Stress Calculations.......................................................................................................... 250 1.5. PLANE42 - 2-D Structural Solid................................................................................................ 251 1.5.1. Other Applicable Sections.............................................................................................. 252 1.6. SOLID45 - 3-D Structural Solid................................................................................................. 252 1.6.1. Other Applicable Sections.............................................................................................. 253 1.7. CONTAC52 - 3-D Point-to-Point Contact................................................................................... 253 1.7.1. Other Applicable Sections.............................................................................................. 253 1.7.2. Element Matrices............................................................................................................ 253 1.7.3. Orientation of Element................................................................................................... 254 1.8. PIPE59 - Immersed Pipe or Cable............................................................................................. 255 1.8.1. Overview of the Element................................................................................................ 256 1.8.2. Location of the Element.................................................................................................. 256 1.8.3. Stiffness Matrix............................................................................................................... 257 1.8.4. Mass Matrix.................................................................................................................... 257 1.8.5. Load Vector.................................................................................................................... 258 1.8.6. Hydrostatic Effects.......................................................................................................... 258 1.8.7. Hydrodynamic Effects..................................................................................................... 260 1.8.8. Stress Output................................................................................................................. 260 1.9. SHELL63 - Elastic Shell............................................................................................................. 262 1.9.1. Other Applicable Sections.............................................................................................. 263 1.9.2. Foundation Stiffness....................................................................................................... 263 1.9.3. In-Plane Rotational Stiffness........................................................................................... 264 1.9.4.Warping......................................................................................................................... 264 1.9.5. Options for Non-Uniform Material................................................................................... 265 1.9.6. Extrapolation of Results to the Nodes............................................................................. 266 1.10. FLUID79 - 2-D Contained Fluid............................................................................................... 266 1.10.1. Other Applicable Sections............................................................................................ 267 1.11. FLUID80 - 3-D Contained Fluid............................................................................................... 267 1.11.1. Other Applicable Sections............................................................................................ 268 1.11.2. Assumptions and Restrictions....................................................................................... 268 1.11.3. Material Properties....................................................................................................... 268 1.11.4. Free Surface Effects...................................................................................................... 269 Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information iv of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. Feature Archive 1.11.5. Other Assumptions and Limitations.............................................................................. 270 1.12. FLUID81 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Contained Fluid............................................................... 272 1.12.1. Other Applicable Sections............................................................................................ 272 1.12.2. Assumptions and Restrictions....................................................................................... 272 1.12.3. Load Vector Correction................................................................................................. 273 1.13. PLANE82 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid.................................................................................. 273 1.13.1. Other Applicable Sections............................................................................................ 273 1.13.2. Assumptions and Restrictions....................................................................................... 273 1.14. SOLID92 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid............................................................... 274 1.14.1. Other Applicable Sections............................................................................................ 274 1.15. SOLID95 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid................................................................................. 275 1.15.1. Other Applicable Sections............................................................................................ 275 2. Hydrodynamic Loads on Line Elements........................................................................................ 277 2.1.Wave Theory........................................................................................................................... 277 3. Reduced Method for Modal Analysis............................................................................................ 285 Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. v Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information vi of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. List of Figures 4.1. BEAM4 Geometry................................................................................................................................. 87 4.2. BEAM4 Stress Output............................................................................................................................ 91 12.1. CONTAC12 Geometry........................................................................................................................ 101 12.2. CONTAC12 Force-Deflection Relationship.......................................................................................... 105 16.1. PIPE16 Geometry.............................................................................................................................. 109 16.2. PIPE16 Stress Output......................................................................................................................... 114 18.1. PIPE18 Geometry.............................................................................................................................. 121 18.2. PIPE18 Stress Output......................................................................................................................... 125 42.1. PLANE42 Geometry........................................................................................................................... 131 42.2. PLANE42 Stress Output..................................................................................................................... 134 45.1. SOLID45 Geometry........................................................................................................................... 139 45.2. SOLID45 Stress Output...................................................................................................................... 143 52.1. CONTAC52 Geometry........................................................................................................................ 149 52.2. CONTAC52 Force-Deflection Relationship.......................................................................................... 153 59.1. PIPE59 Geometry.............................................................................................................................. 157 59.2. PIPE59 Geometry.............................................................................................................................. 158 59.3. PIPE59 Velocity Profiles for Wave-current Interactions......................................................................... 164 59.4. PIPE59 Stress Output......................................................................................................................... 166 63.1. SHELL63 Geometry........................................................................................................................... 175 63.2. SHELL63 Stress Output...................................................................................................................... 181 79.1. FLUID79 Geometry............................................................................................................................ 185 80.1. FLUID80 Geometry............................................................................................................................ 189 81.1. FLUID81 Geometry............................................................................................................................ 195 82.1. PLANE82 Geometry........................................................................................................................... 201 82.2. PLANE82 Stress Output..................................................................................................................... 204 92.1. SOLID92 Geometry........................................................................................................................... 209 92.2. SOLID92 Stress Output...................................................................................................................... 211 95.1. SOLID95 Geometry........................................................................................................................... 215 95.2. SOLID95 Stress Output...................................................................................................................... 218 1.1. Order of Degrees of Freedom.............................................................................................................. 226 1.2. Force-Deflection Relations for Standard Case....................................................................................... 234 1.3. Force-Deflection Relations for Rigid Coulomb Option.......................................................................... 235 1.4.Thermal and Pressure Effects............................................................................................................... 240 1.5. Elastic Pipe Direct Stress Output.......................................................................................................... 242 1.6. Elastic Pipe Shear Stress Output.......................................................................................................... 242 1.7. Stress Point Locations......................................................................................................................... 244 1.8. Mohr Circles........................................................................................................................................ 245 1.9. Plane Element..................................................................................................................................... 247 1.10. U-Tube with Fluid.............................................................................................................................. 270 1.11. Bending Without Resistance.............................................................................................................. 271 2.1.Velocity Profiles for Wave-Current Interactions..................................................................................... 281 Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. vii Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information viii of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. List of Tables 3.1. Restart Information for Nonlinear Analyses............................................................................................ 16 4.1. Linear Perturbation vs. Partial Solution Procedures................................................................................. 22 5.1. Output Available via ETABLE................................................................................................................. 25 4.1. BEAM4 Real Constants.......................................................................................................................... 90 4.2. BEAM4 Element Output Definitions....................................................................................................... 91 4.3. BEAM4 Item and Sequence Numbers (KEYOPT(9) = 0)............................................................................ 93 4.4. BEAM4 Item and Sequence Numbers (KEYOPT(9) = 1)............................................................................ 94 4.5. BEAM4 Item and Sequence Numbers (KEYOPT(9) = 3)............................................................................ 95 4.6. BEAM4 Item and Sequence Numbers (KEYOPT(9) = 5)............................................................................ 96 4.7. BEAM4 Item and Sequence Numbers (KEYOPT(9) = 7)............................................................................ 97 4.8. BEAM4 Item and Sequence Numbers (KEYOPT(9) = 9)............................................................................ 99 12.1. CONTAC12 Real Constants................................................................................................................. 104 12.2. CONTAC12 Element Output Definitions............................................................................................. 105 12.3. CONTAC12 Item and Sequence Numbers........................................................................................... 106 16.1. PIPE16 Real Constants....................................................................................................................... 113 16.2. PIPE16 Element Output Definitions.................................................................................................... 114 16.3. PIPE16 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node I).................................................................................... 116 16.4. PIPE16 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node J).................................................................................... 117 16.5. PIPE16 Item and Sequence Numbers................................................................................................. 118 18.1. PIPE18 Real Constants....................................................................................................................... 124 18.2. PIPE18 Element Output Definitions.................................................................................................... 125 18.3. PIPE18 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node I).................................................................................... 127 18.4. PIPE18 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node J).................................................................................... 128 18.5. PIPE18 Item and Sequence Numbers................................................................................................. 129 42.1. PLANE42 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................ 135 42.2. PLANE42 Miscellaneous Element Output........................................................................................... 136 42.3. PLANE42 Item and Sequence Numbers.............................................................................................. 137 45.1. SOLID45 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 144 45.2. SOLID45 Miscellaneous Element Output............................................................................................ 145 45.3. SOLID45 Item and Sequence Numbers.............................................................................................. 146 52.1. CONTAC52 Real Constants................................................................................................................. 152 52.2. CONTAC52 Element Output Definitions............................................................................................. 154 52.3. CONTAC52 Item and Sequence Numbers........................................................................................... 155 59.1. PIPE59 Real Constants....................................................................................................................... 161 59.2. PIPE59 Water Motion Table................................................................................................................ 162 59.3. PIPE59 Element Output Definitions.................................................................................................... 166 59.4. PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node I).................................................................................... 168 59.5. PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node J).................................................................................... 169 59.6. PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Pipe Options)........................................................................... 170 59.7. PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Cable Option).......................................................................... 171 59.8. PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Additional Output).................................................................. 171 63.1. SHELL63 Real Constants.................................................................................................................... 180 63.2. SHELL63 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 181 63.3. SHELL63 Miscellaneous Element Output............................................................................................ 182 63.4. SHELL63 Item and Sequence Numbers.............................................................................................. 182 79.1. FLUID79 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 187 79.2. FLUID79 Item and Sequence Numbers............................................................................................... 188 80.1. FLUID80 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 191 80.2. FLUID80 Item and Sequence Numbers............................................................................................... 192 81.1. FLUID81 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 197 Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. ix Feature Archive 81.2. FLUID81 Item and Sequence Numbers............................................................................................... 198 82.1. PLANE82 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................ 204 82.2. PLANE82 Miscellaneous Element Output........................................................................................... 206 82.3. PLANE82 Item and Sequence Numbers.............................................................................................. 206 92.1. SOLID92 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 212 92.2. SOLID92 Miscellaneous Element Output............................................................................................ 213 92.3. SOLID92 Item and Sequence Numbers.............................................................................................. 214 95.1. SOLID95 Element Output Definitions................................................................................................. 219 95.2. SOLID95 Miscellaneous Element Output............................................................................................ 220 95.3. SOLID95 Item and Sequence Numbers.............................................................................................. 220 1.1. Stress Intensification Factors............................................................................................................... 242 2.1.Wave Theory Table.............................................................................................................................. 277 Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information x of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

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