ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 Tutorial Guide

1146 Pages·2014·30.13 MB·English

ANSYS FLUENT Tutorial Guide
ANSYS, Inc. Release 14.0
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Table of Contents
Using This Manual...................................................................................................................................... xiii
1.What’s In This Manual........................................................................................................................ xiii
2.The Contents of the FLUENT Manuals................................................................................................ xiii
3.Where to Find the Files Used in the Tutorials...................................................................................... xiv
4. How To Use This Manual.................................................................................................................... xiv
4.1. For the Beginner....................................................................................................................... xv
4.2. For the Experienced User........................................................................................................... xv
5.Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual................................................................................. xv
1. Introduction to Using ANSYS FLUENT in ANSYS Workbench: Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing
Elbow .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Prerequisites..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3. Problem Description......................................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Setup and Solution........................................................................................................................... 2
1.4.1. Preparation.............................................................................................................................. 3
1.4.2. Step 1: Creating a FLUENT Fluid Flow Analysis System in ANSYS Workbench.............................. 4
1.4.3. Step 2: Creating the Geometry in ANSYS DesignModeler........................................................... 8
1.4.4. Step 3: Meshing the Geometry in the ANSYS Meshing Application........................................... 19
1.4.5. Step 4: Setting Up the CFD Simulation in ANSYS FLUENT......................................................... 26
1.4.6. Step 5: Displaying Results in ANSYS FLUENT and CFD-Post....................................................... 50
1.4.7. Step 6: Duplicating the FLUENT-Based Fluid Flow Analysis System........................................... 60
1.4.8. Step 7: Changing the Geometry in ANSYS DesignModeler....................................................... 61
1.4.9. Step 8: Updating the Mesh in the ANSYS Meshing Application................................................. 64
1.4.10. Step 9: Calculating a New Solution in ANSYS FLUENT............................................................. 67
1.4.11. Step 10: Comparing the Results of Both Systems in CFD-Post................................................. 69
1.4.12. Step 11: Summary................................................................................................................ 74
2. Parametric Analysis in ANSYS Workbench Using ANSYS FLUENT........................................................ 77
2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 77
2.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................... 78
2.3. Problem Description....................................................................................................................... 78
2.4. Setup and Solution......................................................................................................................... 82
2.4.1. Preparation............................................................................................................................ 83
2.4.2. Step 1: Adding Constraints to ANSYS DesignModeler Parameters in ANSYS Workbench........... 83
2.4.3. Step 2: Setting Up the CFD Simulation in ANSYS FLUENT......................................................... 92
2.4.4. Step 3: Defining Input and Output Parameters in ANSYS FLUENT and Running the Simula-
tion ................................................................................................................................................ 96
2.4.5. Step 4: Postprocessing in ANSYS CFD-Post............................................................................ 108
2.4.6. Step 5: Creating Additional Design Points in ANSYS Workbench............................................. 122
2.4.7. Step 6: Postprocessing the New Design Points in CFD-Post.................................................... 124
2.4.8. Step 7: Summary.................................................................................................................. 130
3. Introduction to Using ANSYS FLUENT: Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow.................... 131
3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 131
3.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 131
3.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 131
3.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 132
3.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 133
3.4.2. Step 1: Launching ANSYS FLUENT......................................................................................... 133
3.4.3. Step 2: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 136
3.4.4. Step 3: General Settings........................................................................................................ 140
3.4.5. Step 4: Models...................................................................................................................... 143
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3.4.6. Step 5: Materials................................................................................................................... 145
3.4.7. Step 6: Cell Zone Conditions................................................................................................. 147
3.4.8. Step 7: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 149
3.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................... 154
3.4.10. Step 9: Displaying the Preliminary Solution......................................................................... 163
3.4.11. Step 10: Using the Coupled Solver....................................................................................... 177
3.4.12. Step 11: Adapting the Mesh................................................................................................ 180
3.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 195
4. Modeling Periodic Flow and Heat Transfer......................................................................................... 197
4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 197
4.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 197
4.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 198
4.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 198
4.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 199
4.4.2. Step 1: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 199
4.4.3. Step 2: General Settings........................................................................................................ 202
4.4.4. Step 3: Models...................................................................................................................... 202
4.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................... 203
4.4.6. Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions................................................................................................. 205
4.4.7. Step 6: Periodic Conditions................................................................................................... 206
4.4.8. Step 7: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 207
4.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................... 208
4.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing........................................................................................................ 212
4.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 222
4.6. Further Improvements.................................................................................................................. 223
5. Modeling External Compressible Flow............................................................................................... 225
5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 225
5.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 225
5.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 225
5.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 226
5.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 226
5.4.2. Step 1: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 227
5.4.3. Step 2: General Settings........................................................................................................ 230
5.4.4. Step 3: Models...................................................................................................................... 230
5.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................... 231
5.4.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 233
5.4.7. Step 6: Operating Conditions................................................................................................ 235
5.4.8. Step 7: Solution.................................................................................................................... 236
5.4.9. Step 8: Postprocessing.......................................................................................................... 253
5.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 259
5.6. Further Improvements.................................................................................................................. 259
6. Modeling Transient Compressible Flow.............................................................................................. 261
6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 261
6.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 261
6.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 261
6.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 262
6.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 262
6.4.2. Step 1: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 263
6.4.3. Step 2: General Settings........................................................................................................ 265
6.4.4. Step 3: Models...................................................................................................................... 267
6.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................... 268
6.4.6. Step 5: Operating Conditions................................................................................................ 269
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6.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 270
6.4.8. Step 7: Solution: Steady Flow................................................................................................ 272
6.4.9. Step 8: Enable Time Dependence and Set Transient Conditions.............................................. 283
6.4.10. Step 9: Solution:Transient Flow........................................................................................... 286
6.4.11. Step 10: Saving and Postprocessing Time-Dependent Data Sets........................................... 289
6.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 304
6.6. Further Improvements.................................................................................................................. 305
7. Modeling Radiation and Natural Convection..................................................................................... 307
7.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 307
7.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 307
7.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 307
7.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 308
7.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 308
7.4.2. Step 1: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 309
7.4.3. Step 2: General Settings........................................................................................................ 309
7.4.4. Step 3: Models...................................................................................................................... 311
7.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................... 314
7.4.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 316
7.4.7. Step 6: Solution.................................................................................................................... 321
7.4.8. Step 7: Postprocessing.......................................................................................................... 327
7.4.9. Step 8: Compare the Contour Plots after Varying Radiating Surfaces...................................... 341
7.4.10. Step 9: S2S Definition, Solution and Postprocessing with Partial Enclosure........................... 353
7.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 357
7.6. Further Improvements.................................................................................................................. 357
8. Using the Discrete Ordinates Radiation Model................................................................................... 359
8.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 359
8.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 359
8.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 359
8.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 360
8.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 361
8.4.2. Step 1: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 361
8.4.3. Step 2: General Settings........................................................................................................ 361
8.4.4. Step 3: Models...................................................................................................................... 365
8.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................... 366
8.4.6. Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions................................................................................................. 368
8.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 370
8.4.8. Step 7: Solution.................................................................................................................... 378
8.4.9. Step 8: Postprocessing.......................................................................................................... 382
8.4.10. Step 9: Iterate for Higher Pixels............................................................................................ 389
8.4.11. Step 10: Iterate for Higher Divisions..................................................................................... 393
8.4.12. Step 11: Make the Reflector Completely Diffuse................................................................... 401
8.4.13. Step 12: Change the Boundary Type of Baffle....................................................................... 403
8.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 405
8.6. Further Improvements.................................................................................................................. 405
9. Using a Non-Conformal Mesh............................................................................................................. 407
9.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 407
9.2. Prerequisites................................................................................................................................. 407
9.3. Problem Description..................................................................................................................... 408
9.4. Setup and Solution....................................................................................................................... 409
9.4.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................... 409
9.4.2. Step 1: Mesh......................................................................................................................... 409
9.4.3. Step 2: General Settings........................................................................................................ 414
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ANSYS FLUENT Tutorial Guide
9.4.4. Step 3: Models...................................................................................................................... 414
9.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................... 416
9.4.6. Step 5: Operating Conditions................................................................................................ 416
9.4.7. Step 6: Cell Zone Conditions................................................................................................. 417
9.4.8. Step 7: Boundary Conditions................................................................................................. 418
9.4.9. Step 8: Mesh Interfaces......................................................................................................... 428
9.4.10. Step 9: Solution.................................................................................................................. 430
9.4.11. Step 10: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 432
9.5. Summary...................................................................................................................................... 444
9.6. Further Improvements.................................................................................................................. 445
10. Modeling Flow Through Porous Media............................................................................................. 447
10.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 447
10.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 447
10.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 448
10.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 448
10.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 449
10.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 449
10.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 451
10.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 452
10.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 453
10.4.6. Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions............................................................................................... 455
10.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 459
10.4.8. Step 7: Solution.................................................................................................................. 462
10.4.9. Step 8: Postprocessing........................................................................................................ 468
10.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 482
10.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 482
11. Using a Single Rotating Reference Frame......................................................................................... 483
11.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 483
11.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 483
11.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 483
11.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 485
11.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 485
11.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 485
11.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 485
11.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 489
11.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 490
11.4.6. Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions............................................................................................... 490
11.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 492
11.4.8. Step 7: Solution Using the Standard k- ε Model.................................................................... 496
11.4.9. Step 8: Postprocessing for the Standard k- ε Solution........................................................... 504
11.4.10. Step 9: Solution Using the RNG k- ε Model......................................................................... 513
11.4.11. Step 10: Postprocessing for the RNG k- ε Solution.............................................................. 515
11.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 520
11.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 520
11.7. References.................................................................................................................................. 521
12. Using Multiple Reference Frames..................................................................................................... 523
12.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 523
12.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 524
12.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 524
12.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 524
12.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 525
12.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 525
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12.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 525
12.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 527
12.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 528
12.4.6. Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions............................................................................................... 529
12.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 532
12.4.8. Step 7: Mesh Interfaces....................................................................................................... 535
12.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................. 536
12.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 541
12.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 546
12.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 546
13. Using the Mixing Plane Model.......................................................................................................... 549
13.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 549
13.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 549
13.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 549
13.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 550
13.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 550
13.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 551
13.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 551
13.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 554
13.4.5. Step 4: Mixing Plane........................................................................................................... 555
13.4.6. Step 5: Materials................................................................................................................. 557
13.4.7. Step 6: Cell Zone Conditions............................................................................................... 558
13.4.8. Step 7: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 561
13.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................. 570
13.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 578
13.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 587
13.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 587
14. Using Sliding Meshes........................................................................................................................ 589
14.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 589
14.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 589
14.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 589
14.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 590
14.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 590
14.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 591
14.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 591
14.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 595
14.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 595
14.4.6. Step 5: Cell Zone Conditions............................................................................................... 596
14.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 599
14.4.8. Step 7: Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 603
14.4.9. Step 8: Mesh Interfaces....................................................................................................... 603
14.4.10. Step 9: Solution................................................................................................................ 604
14.4.11. Step 10: Postprocessing.................................................................................................... 619
14.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 625
14.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 626
15. Using Dynamic Meshes..................................................................................................................... 627
15.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 627
15.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 627
15.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 628
15.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 628
15.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 628
15.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 629
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15.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 629
15.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 632
15.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 633
15.4.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 635
15.4.7. Step 6: Solution: Steady Flow............................................................................................... 639
15.4.8. Step 7:Time-Dependent Solution Setup.............................................................................. 644
15.4.9. Step 8: Mesh Motion........................................................................................................... 645
15.4.10. Step 9:Time-Dependent Solution...................................................................................... 651
15.4.11. Step 10: Postprocessing.................................................................................................... 661
15.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 665
15.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 665
16. Modeling Species Transport and Gaseous Combustion................................................................... 667
16.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 667
16.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 667
16.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 668
16.4. Background................................................................................................................................ 668
16.5. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 668
16.5.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 669
16.5.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 669
16.5.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 669
16.5.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 672
16.5.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 675
16.5.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 678
16.5.7. Step 6: Initial Reaction Solution........................................................................................... 685
16.5.8. Step 8: Postprocessing........................................................................................................ 691
16.5.9. Step 9: NOx Prediction........................................................................................................ 701
16.6. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 715
16.7. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 716
17. Using the Non-Premixed Combustion Model................................................................................... 717
17.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 717
17.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 717
17.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 718
17.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 719
17.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 719
17.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 720
17.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 720
17.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 725
17.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 732
17.4.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 733
17.4.7. Step 6: Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 740
17.4.8. Step 7: Solution.................................................................................................................. 741
17.4.9. Step 8: Postprocessing........................................................................................................ 745
17.4.10. Step 9: Energy Balances Reporting.................................................................................... 748
17.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 750
17.6. References.................................................................................................................................. 750
17.7. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 751
18. Modeling Surface Chemistry............................................................................................................. 753
18.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 753
18.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 753
18.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 754
18.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 755
18.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 755
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18.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 756
18.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 756
18.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 758
18.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 760
18.4.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 769
18.4.7. Step 6: Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 775
18.4.8. Step 7: Non-Reacting Flow Solution.................................................................................... 775
18.4.9. Step 8: Reacting Flow Solution............................................................................................ 778
18.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 784
18.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 791
18.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 792
19. Modeling Evaporating Liquid Spray................................................................................................. 793
19.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 793
19.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 793
19.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 793
19.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 794
19.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 794
19.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 795
19.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 795
19.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 798
19.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 800
19.4.6. Step 5: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 803
19.4.7. Step 6: Initial Solution Without Droplets.............................................................................. 808
19.4.8. Step 7: Create a Spray Injection........................................................................................... 818
19.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................. 824
19.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 833
19.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 837
19.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 837
20. Using the VOF Model......................................................................................................................... 839
20.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 839
20.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 839
20.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 839
20.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 841
20.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 841
20.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 842
20.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 847
20.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 850
20.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 850
20.4.6. Step 5: Phases..................................................................................................................... 852
20.4.7. Step 6: Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 855
20.4.8. Step 7: User-Defined Function (UDF)................................................................................... 855
20.4.9. Step 8: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 856
20.4.10. Step 9: Solution................................................................................................................ 860
20.4.11. Step 10: Postprocessing.................................................................................................... 867
20.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 872
20.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 872
21. Modeling Cavitation.......................................................................................................................... 875
21.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 875
21.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 875
21.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 875
21.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 876
21.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 876
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21.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 877
21.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 877
21.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 879
21.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 881
21.4.6. Step 5: Phases..................................................................................................................... 884
21.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 887
21.4.8. Step 7: Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 892
21.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................. 892
21.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 897
21.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 903
21.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 904
22. Using the Mixture and Eulerian Multiphase Models......................................................................... 905
22.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 905
22.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 905
22.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 905
22.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 906
22.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 906
22.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 907
22.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 907
22.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 909
22.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 911
22.4.6. Step 5: Phases..................................................................................................................... 912
22.4.7. Step 6: Boundary Conditions............................................................................................... 914
22.4.8. Step 7: Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 918
22.4.9. Step 8: Solution Using the Mixture Model............................................................................ 919
22.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing for the Mixture Solution................................................................. 923
22.4.11. Step 10: Setup and Solution for the Eulerian Model............................................................ 927
22.4.12. Step 11: Postprocessing for the Eulerian Model.................................................................. 932
22.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 936
22.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 936
23. Using the Eulerian Multiphase Model for Granular Flow.................................................................. 939
23.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 939
23.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 939
23.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 939
23.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 940
23.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 940
23.4.2. Step 1: Mesh....................................................................................................................... 941
23.4.3. Step 2: General Settings...................................................................................................... 941
23.4.4. Step 3: Models.................................................................................................................... 948
23.4.5. Step 4: Materials................................................................................................................. 950
23.4.6. Step 5: Phases..................................................................................................................... 952
23.4.7. Step 6: User-Defined Function (UDF)................................................................................... 955
23.4.8. Step 7: Cell Zone Conditions............................................................................................... 956
23.4.9. Step 8: Solution.................................................................................................................. 959
23.4.10. Step 9: Postprocessing...................................................................................................... 973
23.5. Summary.................................................................................................................................... 977
23.6. Further Improvements................................................................................................................ 977
24. Modeling Solidification..................................................................................................................... 979
24.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 979
24.2. Prerequisites............................................................................................................................... 979
24.3. Problem Description................................................................................................................... 979
24.4. Setup and Solution..................................................................................................................... 980
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