Annotated checklist of marine sponges of the Indian region

17 Pages·1999·4.9 MB·English

by  J G Pattanayak

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF MARINE SPONGES OF THE INDIAN REGION
PATTANAYAK
J.G.
Pattanayak, J.G. 1999 06 30: Annotated checklist ofmarine sponges ofthe Indian region.
MemoirsoftheQueenslandMuseum 44: 439-455. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.
An annotated checklist ofmarine sponges from the Indian region was compiled primarily
from: identified sponges in the holdings of Zoological Survey of India; published
descriptions ofspecies from this region; and personal correspondencewith experts in the
fieldboth from EuropeanandOriental regions.451 speciesarerecordedfromthe3 classes,
17 orders, 64 families and 168 genera. Few taxonomic studies on sponges have been
undertakenintheIndianregionoverthepasttwodecades,butthereisalargeearly literature
commencing in 1873. Consequently most ofthe literature and species descriptions are
relatively old, sometimes too brief, and sometimes entirely inadequate to differentiate
between related species. It is also well known that sponges are notoriously difficult to
identify and misidentificationsarecommon.Unfortunately re-examinationofmanytypeor
voucherspecimenswasnotpossiblegiventhattheyarescatteredthroughoutmanydifferent
museums and institutions. The preparation ofthis checklist therefore relies heavily on the
published literature,withonlyrelativelyfewspeciesyetcheckedfromoriginal material. G
Porifera, taxonomicchecklist, Indiansponges, spongeidentification.
J.G. Pattanayak, Zoological Survey ofIndia, Estuarine Biological Station, Hillpatna,
Berhampur (Ganjam) - 760 005, Orissa, India; 28October 1998.
PublishedliteratureontheIndianregionsponge regions. This heavy reliance on the published
fauna has a rich and productive history, com- literature is presently unavoidable, with only
mencing with the work of Bowerbank (1873), relatively few species yet checked from original
Carter (1880-1887), Dendy (1887-1916) and material, although it is anticipated that this
Schulze (1894-1904) followed by the present checklist will be both expanded (with current
centuryworkersAnnandale(1911-1915),Kumar work beingundertakenby theZoological Survey
(1924-1925), Dendy & Burton (1926), Burton ofIndia) and revised (as type material becomes
(1928-1937), Burton & Rao (1932), Rao (1941), available to check species' identities, and as
Ali (1956), Thomas(1968-1993)andPattanayak contemporary authors increase their published
(1995-1998), with some revisions ofthis fauna revisions).
alsomadeby Hooper(1996). Withthe exception For convenience the Indian region is divided
of several papers by Thomas few taxonomic into 9 zones (see Fig. 1). Inthe species checklist
studieshavebeenundertakenintheIndianregion each publishedrecord is accompanied by one or
overthe pasttwodecades. Consequently mostof more literaturecitation, the localityandregionof
theliteratureandspeciesdescriptionsarerelatively collection, as defined above in brackets follow-
old, sometimes loobrief, and sometimes entirely ing the citation. For brevity, only the Indian
inadequatetodifferentiatebetweenrelatedspecies. literature is citedinthispaper. Literaturepertain-
It is also well known that sponges are notoriously ingto the highertaxa can be found in Hooper &
difficulttoidentifyandmisidentificationsarecom- Wiedenmayer(1994).
mon. Unfortunately re-examination ofmany type
orvoucherspecimenswas notpossible giventhat SYSTEMATIC CHECKLIST OF SPONGES
they are scattered throughout many museums
and institutions. Phylum Porifera
Class Demospongiae
Consequently, this annotated checklist of
Subclass Homoscleromorpha
marine sponges from the Indian region is based Order Homosclerophorida
primarily on: a) identification ofsponges in the
Family Plakinidae Schulze
holdingsofZoologicalSurveyofIndiabyseveral
workers,includingtheauthor;b)cross-referencing Genus Corticium Schmidt. C. acanthastrum
ofallavailableliteraturepertainingtothisregion; Thomas, 1968e: 260, fig. la-b; Thomas, 1985:
and c) personal correspondence with experts in 353, pi. VIII, fig. 21 (Paik Bay) (5). C. candela-
the field both from European and Oriental brum Schmidt; Thomas, I968e: 261, fig. 2a-b;
440 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
W
FIcGo.ast1.-SGtuujdayraztonaensdoMfathhaeraIsnhdtiarna;re4g,iosno.ut1h,eArrnaWbiacnosaesat--oKfafr-nsahtoarekawaatnedrsK;er2,alLaa;cc5,adSiEvecoIassltan-dsT;am3,ilnoNrathdeurnand
adjacent islands inthe GulfofMannar; 6,NE coast- Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal; 7, Andaman
Islands; 8,NicobarIslands; 9, Bay ofBengal - off-shore waters.
Thomas, 1985: 352, pi. VIII, fig. 20 (Gulf of VII, fig. 21 (Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay);
Mannar and Palk Bay) (5). Thomas, 1984: 101, fig. lh (SE coast ofIndia)
GenusPlakinaSchulze.P. acantholophaThomas, (5,9). C. hirsuta (Dendy); Burton, 1930: 666
1970c:53,fig.3;Thomas, 1985:354,pi.IX,fig.3 (GulfofMannar) (5).
(Palk Bay) (5). P. monolopha Schulze; Thomas, Genus Paratetilla Dendy. P bacca (Selenka);
1970c: 208, fig. 10; Thomas, 1970c: 52, fig. 1; Kumar, 1925: 218; Burton & Rao, 1932: 325
Thomas, 1985: 353, pi. VIII, fig. 22 (Palk Bay) (Kilakarai, Ramnad Dt.); Burton & Rao, 1932:
(5).P. trilopha Schulze; Thomas, 1970c: 53, fig. 325, Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans); Thomas,
2; Thomas, 1985: 353, pi. IX, fig. 1 (Gulf of 1980b: 16 (Minicoy L); Thomas, 1985: 342, pi.
Mannar) (5). VII, fig. 22 (Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay))
GenusPlakinastrellaSchulze.Pceylonica(Dendy,
(2,5,7).
1905); Thomas, 1985: 351,pi. VIII, fig. 17 (Gulf
of Mannar, as Dercitopsis ceylonica) (5). P. Genus Samus Gray. S. anonyma, Gray; Carter
minor (Dendy, 1905); Thomas 1985: 351, pi. 1880: 59; Thomas, 1985: 354,pi. IX, fig. 3 (Gulf
VIII, fig. 18 (GulfofMannar and Palk Bay, as ofMannar) (5).
Dercitopsis minor) (5).
Genus Tetilla Schmidt. T. barodensis Dendy,
Subclass Tetractinomorpha 1916b: 105, pi. 1, fig. 3a-d (OffDwarka,&Okha-
Order Spirophorida mandal)(3). T. cranium (Miiller); Burton Rao,
1932: 326 (Invisible bank, Andamans; 2-3 miles
Family Tetillidae Sollas W
ofCapeComorin)(5,7). T. dactvloidea(Carter);
Genus Cinachyra Sollas. C. arabica (Carter); Annandale, 1915c: 53, pi. V, fig.4(ChilkaLake,
Burton & Rao, 1932: 326; Pattanayak, 1998 Orissa, as T. dactvloidea var. lingua); Dendy,
((5C,a7)m.orCt.aaLu,stNriaclioebnasriss,(KCraurtseard)a;iBIu.,rtAonnda&maRnaso), m1a9n1d6abl:);10B2u,rtpoi.n I&I.Rfaiog., l1O9a3-2c: 3(2Ba6l;apPuart,tanOakyhaak-,
1932; Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans) (7). C. 1998 (Port Blair, Andamans) (3,6,7). T. hirstua
cavernosa (Lamarck); Burton, 1937: 12; Rao, (Dendy): Dendy, 1916b: 104 (Vamiani Point, off
1941: 425, (Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, as Okhamandal) (3). T. pilula Dendy, 1916b: 104,
Chrotella australiensis); Thomas, 1985: 341, pi. pi. I, fig. 2a-c (Okhamandal) (3).
MARINE SPONGES OF THE INDIAN REGION 441
Family Scleritodermidae Sollas Burton & Rao, 1932: 317 (Ganjam Coast, as
Aurora roxvi) (6).
Genus Aciculites Schmidt. A. ohentalis Dendy,
1905;Thomas, 1985: 323,pi. VI, fig. 26(Gulfof G1e91n2u;sBSutreltloentt&a SRcahom,id1t9.32S:. a3r1u2en(sGiasnHjeanmtsccohaeslt,)
Mannar) (5). (6).S. cavernosa(Dendy, 1916b); Burton& Rao,
Genus Amphibleptula Schmidt. A. herdmani 1932: 311 (Nicobar I.) (8). S. haeckeli (Sollas);
(Dendy, 1905); Thomas, 1985: 255,pi. II, fig. 28 Dendy, 1916b: 97 (Okhamandal, as Myriastra
(GulfofMannar, as Taprobane herdmani). (Pilochrota) haeckeli); Dendy & Burton, 1926:
246 (Interview I., Andamans (3,7). S, herdmani
OrderAstrophorida Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1985: 338,pi. VII, fig. 13
Family Ancorinidae Schmidt (GulfofMannar)(5).S. ohentalisThiele;Burton
and Rao, 1932: 3 1 1 (Andamans)(7).S. tethvopsis
Genus Ancorina Schmidt. A. simplex (Lenden- Carter, 1880: 137, pi. 6, figs 39,40; Thomas,
feld); Kumar, 1925: 213 (Ramnad Dist., S India) 1985: 337,pi.VII, fig. 12(GulfofMannar)(5).S.
(5). validissima Thiele; Burton and Rao, 1932: 3 10;
Genus Asteropus Sollas. A. simplex (Carter); Dendy & Burton, 1926: 241; Pattanayak, 1998
Dendy, 1916b: 98 (Okhamandal); Kumar, 1925: (Andamans) (7). S. vestigium Dendy, 1905;
212 (Orissa Coast); Thomas, 1985: 326, pi. VI, Thomas, 1985: 338, pi. VII, fig. 14 (Gulf of
fig.30(GulfofMannarandPalkBay,asStelletti- Mannar) (5).
nopsissimplex) (3,5,6).
Family Coppatiidae Topsent
Genus Ecionemia Bowerbank. E. acervus
Bovverbank, 1863; Burton & Rao, 1932: 318 Genus Crvptotethva Dendy. C. agglutinans
(Andaman and Nicobar Is, as E. carferi; Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1985: 328, pi. VI, fig. 36
Kilakarai); Burton, 1937: 5 (Krusadai I., as E. (GulfofMannar) (5).
bacilifera); Thomas, 1980b: 15 (Minicoy I.) ; Genus Jaspis Gray. J. bouilloni Thomas, 1973:
Thomas, 1985: 334, pi. VII, fig. 6 (GulfofMan- 65, pi. 3, fig. 15; Thomas, 1985: 327, pi. VI, fig.
nar)(2,5,7,8). E. laviniensisDendy, 1905;Thomas, 37 (GulfofMannar)(5).J. investigatrix(Annan-
1985: 335, pi. VII, fig. 7 (GulfofMannar)(5). E. dale, 1915b: 460, pi. 34, figs 1,2) (Gulf of
thielei Thomas, 1980b: 15, fig. 2c (Minicov I.) Mannar, as Coppatius investigatrix); Thomas,
(2). 1985: 327, pi. VI, fig. 33 (GulfofMannar)(5).7.
Genus Mvriastra Sollas. M. clavosa (Ridley); penetrans (Carter, 1880: 141, pi. 7, fig. 44) (as
Dendy & Burton, 1926: 246; Burton & Rao, Tisiphoniapenetrans); Thomas, 1972: 352, pi. I,
1932: 331 (ofTCinque 1., Andamans, &sStelletta fig. 6A,B; Thomas, 1985: 326, pi. VI, fig. 32
clavosa);Thomas, 1985: 336,pi.VII,fig.9(Gulf (GulfofMannar) (5). ./. reptans (Dendv, 1905);
ofMannar) (5,7). M. purpurea (Ridlev); Burton Thomas, 1985: 327. pi. VI, fig. 31 (Gulf of
& Rao, 1932: 310 (Tuticorin, Nicobar I., as Mannar);Dendy, 1916b:97(Okhamandal)(3,5).
Stellettapurpurea);Burton, 1937: 4(Krusadai I., Genus Zaplethea de Laubenfels. Z diagnoxea
as Stellettapurpurea); Rao, 1941: 418; Thomas, var. diastra Vacelet and Vasseur; Thomas, 1985:
1985: 336, pi. VII, fig. 8 (Gulf of Mannar); 328,pi.VI,fig.35(GulfofMannarandPalkBav)
Pattanavak, 1998 (Andaman and Nicobar Is) (5).
(5,7,8).
Genus Penares Gray. P. intermedia (Dendy, Family Geodiidae Gray
1905); Thomas, 1984: 100, fig. lj,k(SE coast of Genus Erylus Gray. E. carteri Sollas; Carter,
India);Thomas, 1985: 334,pi. VII,fig. 5 (Gulfof 1880: 15,'pi. 7, fig. 41 (as Stelletta euastrum);
Mannar (5,9). Thomas, 1985: 341, pi. VII, fig. 20 (Gulf of
Genus Rhabdastrella Thiele. R. globostellata Mannar) (5). E. lendenfeldi Sollas; Burton &
(Carter);Burton&Rao, 1932:317(AberdeenReef, Rao, 1932: 320; Pattanavak, 1998 (Andamans)
Andaman, as Aurora globostellatta); Thomas, (7).
1984: 100 (SE coast of India, as Aurora Genus Geodia Lamarck. G. areolata Carter,
globostellatta); Thomas, 1985: 336, pi. VII, tig. 1880: 133, pi. 6, figs 36-37; Thomas, 1985:339,
10(PalkBay,asAuroraglobostelletfa)(5,7,9).R. pi. IX, fig. 8 (GulfofMannar); Burton, 1937: 8,
providentiae (Dendy); Thomas, 1985: 337, pi. pi. 1, i'u*. 3 (Krusadai I.) (5). G. globostellifera
VII, fig. 1 1 (Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, as Carter, TS80: 134, pi. 6, fig. 38; Thomas, 1985:
Auroraprovidentiae) (5).R. row/Dendy, 1916b; 340, pi. VII, fig. 18 (GulfofMannar) (50). (7.
442 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
inconspicua (Bowerbank); Burton & Rao, 1932: Order Hadromerida
322 (Kilakarai, Romnad Dist.; Ganjam coast; Family Chondrillidae Gray
GulfofMannar);Thomas, 1985: 339,pi. VII,fig.
Genus Chondrilla Schmidt. C. agglutinans
f11e69l8d(5)G;:uTl3hf4o0om,faMpsia.,nVn1Ia9Ir8,0)bf(i:g5.,166)l.a(GM(.iGnuiHlonfcdogoyrfeM1n.ai);n(TnLhaeonrmdaaesnn,d- (D3e)n.dCy.,a1i9t1st6raa:li1e0n2s,ispiC.arI,tefrig;.Dlean,dby(,Ok1h9a1m6abn:da1l01)
(Okhamandal); BurtonandRao, 1932: 325(Gan-
Palk Bay) (2,5). G. perarmaia Bowerbank
CG1a9r8tp5ei:rct,3e3t19i8,(8T0pio:.psV1eI3nI1t,,)f;ipgiB..ur16t5,o(nfG,igusl1f933o27f-:3M59a;n(nKTarhruos)ma(da5as)i jKIaXu,mmafcirog,.as5t1,9(2KG5ru:ulsfa2od1f4a,iMaIfn.i)ng;.aTrh1)o((mK3ai,s5l,a,6k)a1.r9aC8i.5,:kRi3la5am5k,narapiida.
G Dt.); Thomas, 1985: 356, pi. IX, fig. 7 (Gulfof
oIf.if)g.M(5a3)n.1n;aTrh)roam(m5ao)s.d,iGg.1i9vt8aa5rt:iao3Cs4ap0ri,teeuprli,.osV1aI8I8T,0h:ifei1lg.3e3;1,D7pei(n.Gdu3y4l,,f M1a98n5n:ar3)56,(5p)i.. ICX.,sfaigc.ci6f(oPramliksBCaayr)te(r5;).Thomas,
1916b:99(Okhamandal)(3). Genus Chondrosia Nardo. C. reniformis Nardo;
Burton & Rao, 1932: 324 (Pearl Oyster Bank,
Tuticorin); Burton, 1937: 10 (Krusadai L); Rao,
Family Pachastrellidae Carter
1941 424; Thomas, 985: 358 (GulfofMannar)
: 1
GenusDercitus Gray. D. simplex(Carter); Burton (5).
& Rao, 1932: 309(Invisible Bank, Andamans,as
Family Clionidae Gray
D. plicatus var. simplex).
Genus Medina Bowerbank. H. externa (Dendy, Genus Annandalea Thomas. A, laeviaster (An-
1905); Thomas, 1985: 349,pi. VIII, fig. 13 (Gulf nandale, 1915: 462, fig. 2); Thomas, 1979: 179,
of Mannar) (5). H. plicata (Schmidt); Carter, fig. 5F (Bay ofBengal) (6).
1880: 60 (as Samus simplex); Thomas, 1970a: Genus Cliona Grant. C. amdifera Annandale,
207, fig. 9; Thomas, 1985: 349, pi. VIII, fig. 12 1915; Thomas, 1979a: 178, fig. IN, 4G, 5U,K,
(GulfofMannar) (5). pi. 2, fig. 9 (GulfofMannar) (5). C. carpentari
GenusPachamphdla Lendenfeld.P. dendyiHent- Hancock; Thomas, 1975: 122 (Zuari and Man-
schel; Thomas, 1977: 119, fig. 1D,E; Thomas, dovi Estuary, Goa); Thomas, 1979a: 175 (Port
1985:351,pi.VIII,fig. 19(GulfofMannar)(5). Bfilga.ir1,7A(nGdualmfaonfsM)a;nnThaormaansd,Pa1l9k85B:ay3)1;9,Thpoi.maVsI,,
Genus Pachaslrella Schmidt. P. parasitica Ramadoss& Vincent, 1993: 145(CoastofKerala
Carter, 1880: 60 (as Samus (Pachastrella) and Tamil Nadu) (3,4,5,7). C. celata Grant;
parasitica); Thomas, 1985: 350, pi. VIII, fig. 15 Thomas, 975: 20 (Zuari andMandoviEstuary,
1 1
(GulfofMannar)(5). P. nana(Carter, 1880: 138, Goa); Thomas: 11 (Minicoy I.); Thomas, 1985:
pi. 7, fig. 4) (as Tisphonianana); Thomas, 1985: 317, pi. VI, fig. 12 (Gulf of Mannar and Palk
350, pi. VIII, fig. 16 (as Nethea nana) (Gulfof Bay); Thomas, Ramadoss & Vincent, 1993: 145
Mannar) (5). (Coast ofKerala and Tamil Nadu) (2,3,4,5). C.
Genus Poecillastra Sollas. P. eccenirica Dendy coronaria (Carter); Dendy, 1916b: 132 (Okha-
& Burton, 1926: 238; Pattanayak, 1998 (Anda- mandal) (3). C. ensifera Sollas; Thomas, 1979a:
mans)(7).P. schulzeiSollas;Thomas, 1970: 208, 176; Thomas, 1985": 320, pi. VI, fig. 18 (Gulfof
fig. 8, 8a, 8b; Thomas, 1985: 355, pi. IX, fig. 4 Mannar);Pattanayak, 1998(Andamans)(5,7). C.
(Gulf of Mannar) (5). P. tenuilaminaris Sollas; kempi Annandale, 1915b: 462, fig. 2; Thomas,
Dendy and Burton, 1926: 238; Burton & Rao, 1979a: 179, fig. 5E (Andamans) (7). C. lobata
1932: 309; Pattanayak. 1998 (Andamans) (7). Hancock; Burton, 1937: 16; Thomas, 1979a:
172, fig. 2N; Thomas, 1985: 318, pi. VI, fig. 14
GenusSphinctrellaSchmidt.S. annulata(Carter, (Gulf of Mannar); Thomas, Ramadoss & Vin-
1880: 140,pi.5,fig.28)(as Tisiphoniaannulata); cent, 1993: 145 (Coast of Kerala and Tamil
Thomas 1985: 349, pi. VIII, fig. 14 (Gulf of Nadu); Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans)(4,5,7). C.
Mannar)(5).
margaritifera Dendy, 1905; Annandale, 1915b:
9; Thomas, 1972: 348, pi. Ill, fig. 1; Thomas,
Family Theneidae Sollas 1985: 321, pi. VI, fig. 21 (Palk Bay); Thomas,
1975: 122 (Zuari and Mandovi estuary, Goa);
Genus Thenea Gray. T. andamanensis Dendy & Thomas, Ramadoss& Vincent, 1993: 145 (Coast
Burton, 1926: 235; Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans) ofKeralaandTamilNadu)(3,4,5). C. mucronata
(7). Sollas; Thomas, 1972: 347, pi. 1, fig. 8A,B,C,D;
:
MARINE SPONGES OF THE INDIAN REGION 443
Thomas, 1979a: 175, fig. 32, fig, 4I,J; Thomas, Family Placospongiidae Gray
1985: 320, pi. Vl,fig. 19 (Gulf of Mannar); Genus Placospon^ia Gray. P. corinata
Pattanayak, 1998(Andamans)(5,7). C. orientalis (Bowerbank); Dendy, 1916b: 132 (Okhmandal);
3TMT1;h7hai0onTe,mnlhpaaeoi;sr.m,)1aT(8hs15,9)o.f7m1i9Cga9a..8s:56,q;:u1Ta7137dh92,ro71am2f,it:aga.spi3,H.14aM71Vn,,9Ic7,of2pici:gf.k.i3;g4.I4IFC9,,a2,r0fpptiiieg..(r.G,IIluV2l1,lA,8f,ff8iBio0gg;.f BI38.u1)(r3(Gt,2uo,pln3i,,f.5o)V1.fI9,P3M.7af:mnigen.1la6o7r;b)T(e;GhsiuoTolmhifaodsmoe,fassMG1,ar9n8a1n5y9:a;8r03T):h14o(1,5m])pa.i(s.M,ViIn1,i9c8fio5gy.
1 ; Thomas, 1979a: 174, fig. 5,D; Thomas, 1985 Family Polymastiidae Gray
319, pi. VI, fig. 15 (GulfofMannar); Pattanayak
1998 (Andamans ) (5,7). C vastifica Hancock Genus Polymastia Bowerbank. P. gemmipara
Annandale, 1915b:37,pl. IV,fig.7(ChilkaLake Dendy, 1916b: 135, pi. I, fig. 9a,b(Okhamandal)
Orissa); Thomas, 1972: 345, pi. I, fig. 3,3A.3B (3).
Thomas, 1985: 318, p!. VI, fig. 13 (Gulf of
Mannar and Palk Bay); Thomas, 1975: 121; Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy
ThomasandThanapati, 1980: 54(ZuariandMan- Genus Spirastrella Schmidt. S. andamanensis
dL)o;viTEhsotmuaarsy,,GRoaam)a;dTohsosma&s,V1i9n8c0ebn:t,121(9M9i3:nic1o4y5 LPaitntdagnraeyna;k,Tho19m9a8s,(A1n97d2a:ma3n4s0,) p(i7.).1,Sf.ig.aur4iAv-ilCl;i
(Coast ofKerala and Tamil Nadu); Pattanayak Thomas, 1979a: 185, figs 10,4L; Thomas, 1985:
1998 (Andamans) (2,3,4,5,6,7). C. viridis 306, pi. V, fig. 25 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). S.
Schmidt; Thomas, 1972: 349, pi. II, fig. 1 coccinea (Duch & Mich.); Thomas, 1985: 304,
Thomas, 1979a: 174,fig. IF;Thomas, 1985:319 pi. V, fig. 21 (GulfofMannar) (5). S. cuspidifera
pi. VI, fie. 16 (GulfofMannar and Palk Bay) (Lamarck); Thomas, 1972: 338; Thomas, 1979a:
Kumar, 1925: 228 (Kilakarai, Ramnad Dl.) (5). 183; Thomas, 1985: 305, pi. V, fig. 22 (Gulfof
GenusDelectonadeLaubenfels.D. higgini(Car- Mannarand PalkBay); Thomas, 1980b: 9(Mini-
ter, 1880: 58, pi. 5, fig. 25); Thomas, 1972: 351, coy 1.)(2,5).S.florida Lendenfeld; Kumar, 1925:
pi. Ill, fig. 4; Thomas, 1985: 322, pi. VI, fig. 24 227 (Kilakarai and Gulf of Mannar) (5). S. in-
(GulfofMannar) (5). constant (Dendy); Burton, 1937: 14; Thomas,
Genus Donatella Dendy. D. acusiella (Annan- 1972: 339; Thomas, 1979a: 183, fig. IF, 4M;
dale, 1915b: 14, fig. 2) (Ganjam coast) (6). TMahnonmaars),; T1h9o8m5:as,3051,980pib.: V1,0 (fiMgi.ni2c3oy(GI.u);lfPaot-f
GenusDotonaCarter.D.pulchella Carter, 1880: tanayak, 1998 (AndamanandNicobar I.)(2,5,7).
57, pi. 5, fig. 24; Thomas, 1979a: 180, fig. 5f; S. pachvspira Levi; Thomas, 1968f: 265;
Thomas, 1985: 323, pi. VI, fig. 25 (GulfofMan- Thomas," 1985: 306, pi. V, fig. 24 (Gulf of
nar) (5). Mannar) (5).S, punctulataRidley; Kumar, 1925:
Genus Thoocede Laubenfels. T. socialis(Carter, 228 (Kilakarai and GulfofMannar) (5). S. vaga-
1880: 56, pi. 5, fig. 23) (as Thoosa socialis); bunda var. tubulodigitata Dendy, 1916b: 132
Thomas, 1972: 350, pi. 3, fig. 5; Thomas, 1985: (Okhamandal)(3).
322, pi. VI, fig. 23 (GulfofMannar) (5).
Family Suberitidae Schmidt
Genus Thoosa Hancock. T. (Cliothosa) armata
(Topsent);Thomas, 1979a: 181,figs2A,3B(Bay Genus Aaptos Gray. A. aaptos (Schmidt, 1864);
ofBengal) (9). T. (Cliothosa) fischeri(Topsent); Dendy, 1916b: 101 (Okhamandal, as Tuberella
Thomas, 1985: 321 (Gulf of Mannar and Palk aaptos); Burton, 1937: 13; Thomas, 1985, 313,
Bay) (5). T. (Clithosa) hancocki (Topsent); pi. VI, tig. 5 (GulfofMannar); Thomas, 1980b:
Thomas, 1979a: 180, fig. Ip (Bay of Bengal); 10 (Minicoy I.) (2,3,5). A. unispiculus (Carter,
Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans) (7,9). T. (Clio- 1880:45,pi.4,fig. 8);Thomas, 1985:313,pi.VI,
thosa) investigatoris (Annandale, 1915b); fig. 6 (GulfofMannar) (5).
Thomas, 1985: 322,pi. VI, fig. 22 (GulfofMan- GenusLaxosuberites Topsent. L. aquaedulcioris
narand Palk Bay) (5). (Annandale); Annandale, 1915c: 42, pi. iv, figs
5,6 (Chilka Lake, Orissa) (6). L. conulosus Bur-
Family Latrunculiidae Topsent ton, 1930: 669; Thomas, 1985: 311 (Gulf of
Mannar) (5).L. cruciatus(Dendy, 1905); Dendy,
Genus Latrunculia Bocage. L. tenuistellata 1916: 135 (Okhamandal as Suberites cruciatus);
(Dendy, 1905); Thomas, 1985: 299.pl. V, fig. 12 Kumar, 1925: 229 (Waltair, as Suberites
(GulfofMannar) (5). cruciatus var. depressa); Burton, 1937: 14;
444 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
Thomas, 1985: 310, pi. VI, fig. 1 (GulfofMan- Genus Timea Gray. T. capitatostellifera (Carter,
nar); Thomas, 1980b: 10 (Minicoy I.) (2,3,5,6). 1880: 51,pi.4,fig. 12);Thomas, 1985:307,pi.V,
L. lacustris Annandale, 1915: 45, pi. V, figs 2,3 fig. 30 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). T. curvistellifera
(Chilka Lake, Orissa); Burton, 1937: 14; (Dendy, 1905); Thomas, 1985: 308,pi. V, fig. 31
Thomas, 1985: 31 1, pi. VI, fig. 2 (GulfofMan- (GulfofMannar)(5). T. spinatostellifera(Carter,
nar) (5,6). L. proteus (Hentschel); Burton, 1930: 1880: 51,pi.4,fig. 13);Thomas, 1985: 307,pi.V,
669 (GulfofMannar) (5). fig. 29 (Gulfof Mannar) (5). T. stellata (Bow-
Genus Pseudosuberites Topsent. P. andrewsi erbank); Burton, 1937: 15; Thomas, 1985: 307,
Kirkpatrick; Burton, 1937: 14; Rao, 1941: 425; pi. V, fig. 26 (GulfofMannar) (5). T. stelligera
Thomas, 1985: 312, pi. VI, fig. 3 (GulfofMan- (Carter); Thomas, 1985: 307, pi. V, fig. 27 (Gulf
nar) (5). of Mannar and Palk Bay) (5). T. stellivarians
(Carter, 1880: 50, pi. 4, fig. lOa-c); Thomas,
GDeennduys,Su1b9e1r6ibt:es1N3a4rd(oO.khSa.meaanrdnaols)u;s R(Jaooh,ns1t9o4n1):; 1985, pi. v, fig. 32 (GulfofMannar) (5).
426; Thomas, 1985: 310, pi. V, fig. 35 (Gulfof
Mannar); Thomas, 1980b: 10 (Minicoy 1.) Order Lithistida
(2,3,5). S,flabettatus Carter;Dendy, 1916b: 135 SuborderTriaenosina
(Okhamandal) (3). S. sericeus Thiele; Annan- Family Corallistidae Sollas
dale, 1915c:36,pi. IV,fig.4(Chilkalake,Orissa)
(Gf6ieg)..nu3S.s6t(yTGleuorlbpfti&uoossfaMLDaeunvcinh;aarTs)shao(i5m)na.gs,&19M8i5c:he3l1o0t,tipi.. VT,. VG1Ie8I8nI0u,:sf1iCg4o.3r,a1lpil(.iGs7ut,elsffigSo.cf4h5mM;iadnTtnh.aormC)a.sa(,5c)u1.l9e8Ca5.t:ae3lC4ea3gr,atneptri-,.
fugaxDuch. Mich.; Burton, 1937: 15;Thomas, issima Carter, 1880: 144, pi. 7, fig. 47; Thomas,
1985: 312, pi. VI, fig. 4 (GulfofMannar) (5). 1985:343,pi.VIII,fig.2(GulfofMannar)(5).C.
verucosaCarter, 1880: 144, pi. 4, fig. 46; Thom-
Family Tethyidae Gray as, 1985: 343, pi. VIII, fig. 3 (GulfofMannar)
Genus Tethva Lamarck. T. andamanensis (Dendy (5).
& Burton, 1926: 248) (as Donatia anda-
manensis); Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans) (7). T. Family Theonellidae Lendenfeld
diploderma Schmidt; Burton, 1937: 12; Thomas.
1985: 331, pi. VII, fig. 2 (Gulf of Mannar); Genus Discodermia du Bocage. D. enigmatica
Pattanayak, 1998 (Andaman and Nicobar Is)
(5,7,8). T. japonica Sollas; Burton, 1937: 13; Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1985: 345, pi. VIII, fig. 9
Thomas, 1985: 331, pi. VII, fig. 3 (Gulf of (Gulf of Mannar) (5). D. gorgonoides Burton,
M7:arnenpaern)s;(TShcohmmiadst,);19D8e0nbd:y1&4 (BMuirtnoinc,oy19I.2)6:(22,54)7. i1n9t2e8r:sp1e0r9s;aPaKtutmaanra,yak1,92159:9821(5An(dGaamnajnasm)(c7o).asDt.)
(as Donatia repem); Pattanayak, 1998 (Anda- (6). D. laevidiscus Carter, 1880: 149, pi. 8, fig.
mVIaIn,s);figB.ur4ton(,Gu1l9f37:of12M;aTnhnoamra,s,as198T5e:th3y3t2i,mpeia. M51a;nnTahro)ma(5s),.D1.9p8a5p:il3l4a4t,apCia.rtVeIrI,I,18fi8g0.:614(6G,uplif.o8,f
aTrT1.seh9,pro9oem18bm9au)8ss(;5,t:ATanh31Bdo39oa0m8w,m0aebaspr:n,ib.sa11)Vn92Ik8I;(0,(2bM,B:fi5iug,nr1.7it4)oc1.(noM,(yiTG.1nuI9il.3)scf,7eo:oyyPcfa1Iht3.Me)t;ala(nTln2ne,haa5nyo,rsa7m)ik)-;,s. M3Cf1ia4a9gr4n.9t,n4e8a8rpr,;i().T;1Ah8nVo8BIdm0uIa:Iar,mtsa1o,f4nni81gs,&.9)8p55iR:.(a5(3o8,G,4,7u4)fl,.1ifg9p.i3Do.2.5f:V0I;MsI3Iap0T,i5nh;nnfoiiagmPs.raap)4tsit,m(a(lGn5iu)1a.fl9yef8aDr5ko.:a,f
(Wright); Dendy, 1916b: 100 (Okhamandal, as sceptrellifera Carter, 1881: 372, pi. 18, fig. 2;
Donatiaseychellensis) (3). TMahnonmaars),; 1B9u8r5t:on34&5, Rpai.o,VI1I9I3,2:fig3.078 ((GGualnfjaomf
GenusXenospongia Gray.X.patelliformis Gray; coast)(5,6).D. sinuosaCarter, 1887: 372,pi. 18,
Thomas, 1985: 309, pi. V, fig. 34 (GulfofMan- fig. 1;Thomas, 1985: 345,pi.VIII,fig. 7(Gulfof
nar) (5). Mannar) (5).
Family Timeidae Topsent Genus Theonella Gray. T. coupla Burton, 1928:
110 (Laccadive I.) (2). T. swinhoeiGray; Burton
GenusKotimeadeLaubenfels.K. moorei(Carter, & Rao, 1932: 308; Thomas, 1985: 346, pi. VIII,
1880: 50,pi.4, fig. 11);Thomas, 1985: 309,pi. V, fig. 10 (GulfofMannar); Burton & Rao, 1932:
fig. 33 (GulfofMannar) (5). 308; Pattanayak (Andamans) (5,7,8).
MARINE SPONGES OF THE INDIAN REGION 445
SuborderAnoplina Dictyocylindrus mannarensis); Thomas, 1985:
Family Azoricidae Sollas 257, pi. II, fig. 32 (as Plocamilla mannarensis)
&
Genus Leiodermatium Schmidt. L. pfefferae; (Gulf of Mannar); Burton Rao, 1932: 255
Burton, 1928 (Andamans, asAzoricapfefferae) (Lacc&adive sea, asPlocamiamannarensis); Bur-
ton Rao, 1932: 355 (off Mangalore, off
(7).
Karwar) (2,4,5). A. (A.) tuberosa (Hentschel);
Family Desmanthidae Topsent Burton & Rao, 1932: 341 (Ganjamcoast, Ecoast
ofIndia) (6).
Genus Lophocanthus Hentschel. L. rhab-
dophorus Hentschel; Burton, 1937: 11; Thomas, Genus Artemisina Vosmaer. A. indica (Thomas,
1985: 348, pi. VIII, fig. 11 (Gulf of Mannar); 1974: 312; Thomas, 1985: 287, pi. IV, fig. 19
Thomas, 1980b: 16, fig. 2f(Minicoy I.) (2,5). (GulfofMannar, as Qasimella indica) (5).
Genus Clathria Schmidt. Subgenus Clathria
Subclass Ceractinomorpha (Clathria) Schmidt. C. (C.) decumbens (Ridley);
OrderAgelasida Burton, 1937: 29; Thomas, 1985: 278, pi. IV, fig.
Family Agelasidae Verril 3 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). C. (C) indica Dendy,
GenusAgelas Duchassing & Michelotti. A. cey- 1905; Burton & Rao, 1932: 336; Thomas, 1985:
lonica Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1980: 3 (Minicoy 278, pi. IV, fig. 4 (Gulf of Mannar). C. (C)
I.); Thomas, 1985: 256, pi. II, fig. 30 (Gulf of maeandrina Dendy, 1905; Burton, 1930: 668
Mannar) (2,5). A. mauritiana (Carter); Thomas, (Gulfof&Mannar) (5). C. (C.)prolifera (Verrill);
f1i9g8.02a9:(2G(uMlifnoifcMoyanIn.)a;rT)ho(2m,a5s)., 1985: 256, pi. II, wBaurr,toAnrabiRaanos,ea1)93(12,:4)3.44 (Mangalore, offKar-
Incertae Sedis Genus Acanthostylotella Burton SubgenusClathria(Dendrocia)Hallman. C. (D.)
ScRao.A. cornuta(Topsent);Thomas, 1985:257, antyaja Burton & Rao, 1932: 348 (Gulf of
pi. II, fig. 31 (GulfofMannar) (5). Mannar, as Dendrocia antyaja) (5).
Subgenus Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank. C.
Order Poecilosclerida (M.) aceratoobtusa Carter; Thomas, 1985: 273,
Suborder Microcionina pi.Ill,fig.20(GulfofMannar)(5). C. (M.)affwis
Family Iophonidae Burton Carter, 1880: 41, pi. 4, fig. 15; Thomas, 1985:
GenusAcarmts Gray.A. souriei(Levi); Thomas, 273,pi. Ill, fig. 19 (GulfofMannar) (5). C. (M.)
1970b: 46, figs l,2a-h; Thomas, 1985: 263, pi. atrasanguinea Bowerba&nk; Burton, 1937: 30
Ill, fig. 4 (Gulf of Mannar, as Acanthacarnus (Krusadai I.); Burton Rao, 1932: 344 (off
souriei) (5). A, ternatus Ridley; Thomas, 1985: Karwar, Arabiansea; Travancore,Kilakarai,Puri
262, pi. HI, fig. (GulfofMannar) (5). A. thielei coast, Andamans); Thomas, 1985: 273, pi. Ill,
Levi; Thomas, 1970b: 44, figs 3a-g, 4; Thomas, fig. 18 (Gulf of Mannar); Pattanayak, 1998
1985: 263, pi. Ill, fig. 3 (GulfofMannar) (5). A. (Andamans) (1,5,7). C. (M.) fascispiculifera
/or////sTopsent;Dendy, 1916: 130(Okhamandal) (Carter, 1880:44,pi.4,fig. 7a-gj;Thomas, 1985:
275,pi. Ill, fig. 24 (GulfofMannar) (5). C. (M.)
(3).
rhopalophora(Hentschel); Thomas, 1970a: 206,
Genus Cornulum Carter. C. vesiculatum (Dendy,
1905); Thomas, 1968e: 260, fig. la-b; Thomas, Mfiag.nn7;arT)homas, 1985: 274, pi. Ill, fig. 23 (Gulfof
G1e98n5u:s23D8a,mpii.riI,afigK.el3l3er(.GuDl.fofsiMmapnlneaxr)Ke(5l)l.er; Subgenus(5C)l.athria (Thalysias) Duch & Mich. C.
Thomas, 1985:243,pi. II,fig. 8(GulfofMannar) (T.) amiranteiensis Burton, 1937: 29, pi. 3, fig.
(5).D.fishdatus(Carter, 1880: 53,pi. 15,fig.22); 20; Thomas, 1985: 276, pi. Ill, fig. 26 (Gulfof
aGTsheoXnmyutasosp,Zsve19zn8ez5vf:ias2t3ud6le,atpuLi.sa)Iu,b(f5ei)ng..f3el1s(.GuZlfopfaMpainlnlaart,a e(MTna.cn)rnluaesrnt,daenKafusemlCadoril,Rlio1dc9ll2ae5ty:h&r2i2aD1ern(adOmryoi,sss1aa8)8c6o(;a5s)B.tu)rC(t.6o).n(TC&..)
Rao, 1932': 334 (Tuticorin, Ganjam Coast) (5,6).
(Thomas,*1968e: 252, fig. 6-8); Thomas, 1985: C
(T.) longitoxa (Hentschel); Burton, 1937: 30;
243, pi. II, fig. 12 (GulfofMannar, asDamirina Thomas, 1985: 274, pi. Ill, fig. 22 (Gulf of
papillata) (50). Mannar) (5). C. (T) micropunciaia Burton &
Rao, 1932: 340(offTuticorin)(5). C. (T.jprocera
Family Microcionidae Carter &
(Ridely); Burton Rao, 1932: 340 (Tuticorin,
Genus Antho Gray. Subgenus Antho (Antho) Cape Comorin, as Tenacia procera); Burton,
Gray. A. (A.) mannarensis (Carter, 1880: 37) (as 1937: 28; Thomas, 1985: 277, pi. IV, fig. 2 (Gulf
)
446 MLMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUS
reliata Mannar)(5). £. iamellosa Thomas, 1976a: 1"".
{MDDeaennndnyda,yr.)19(I1596)Q.b5:>C;12B8fuTr(jtOoknrh,eaimm1av9na3rd7da;rli)2^((3V"o)(sGmtCafeHrf)To:Jf p(plDk.enII,IdIfyJi)ig;sg.IBAu\,r6Bt,o:Cn,&fniRgoasfol,Maa-1dn9;n3a2T:rh)o3m4(7a5)s.(,'£Tu1t9ti8hc5no;rrisni2,72ai,s
iriutt Dendv. 1889; Dendy. 1916b: 128 HemeCfyon thurstoni)\ Burton. 1937; 34;
(Okhamandal)(3). C (T.) ioxtf&v(Heaiuscliel); Thomasi 1985: 272, pl. Ill, fig. 17 (Gulfof
Burton. 1937:31;Thomas 1985: 274.pl. 111. tig. Mannar) (5)
2D1en(dGdylu.iltfi1on9fc1i6Muba);n\na1B2ru8)r.(tOCoknh(aT&mJanMEduUaloln,.ina19(3L2am:a;r/3k?3)/v7;W TMhaonmnaaissrE),u(r51y)9p8o5n;G2r7a5v,. Ep.l.clIalvla,tiftigm.(B2o5we(rGbualnfk)o;f
Tuticorin, Kilakarai, Andamans. as Tenncia
( Genu? Raspailia Nardo. Subgenus Rasp(iHt<t
fmndifcra); Burton. [937: 27; Thomas, [985:
(RaspaiHa) Nardo R. (R.) anastomosa Kumar,
217979,8p(i.AnIVd,amfaign.s1)((G3u.5l,f7o).fMannar); Pattanayak, Dend5:y;22K3um(aGra.nj1a9m25c:oa2s2t4) i(6W)o.lrRa.ir()R.()6)f.hRt.tk(vRmJ
Genus Echinochuliutt Thick. SubgenusEchinQ- asa var. termiramasa Y>\in^\. 1905; Dendv,
£
v;Lhaamiianrack()E;chfihnopncihaasl,in1a9)77T:hi1e1l5e: Hoop(eE.r). b1a9r9b6;a D1e9n16dby:, 1193005;(OBkuhratomna,nd1a9l3)7;(33)3.;XT5.ho(mRJas,bon1935:
521 (Andaman sea) (7;. 269, pl- lil. fig- 9 (GulfofMannar) (5). R. (R.)
' ienus EchmochrthriaQairtex E. rwwtv*Ridlev): \nmmalis (Schmidt); Burton & Rao, 1432: 342
Thomas, L985: 276, pi. [U, tig. 27 (Gulfof (Puri eoa.su Andamans); Pattanayak. 1998 (An-
Mannar) (5). damans) (6
Genus Hoiopsitninw Carter, 1885. //. Cn Genus Thrinacoplwra Ridley. 7
Carter; Thomas. [985: 26S (GulfofMannar and Ridlev & Dendy; Dendy, 1916:" i17 (offDw-, I
ta>) (5 (3),
Family Raspailiidae Hcntschel Family Rhabdermiidae Topsent
(ienus Auhspottgus Norman, A, senilis (Carter, Genus Rhabdcrcwia Topsent. ft QCQWhostykl
[R$0;3B)(a$Dictvotylwdrw Thomas, Thomas, 1968b; 247. pl. 2. figs 4.5; Thomas,
[985: 270, p!. III,fig. II (GulfofMannar)(5M. 1985: 271,pl. HI, fig 14 (GulfofMannar|( 5). A'.
fuhuiitrus (Bowerbank); Burton & Rao. 1932; bulka Dendy, 1905; Burton, 1937: 33; Thomas,
'Tuticorin); %Burton, 1937 32; Thomas, [985:270,pi.HI,fig. 17 (GulfofMannar)(5). R
1985; 26V. pi. Ill, 10 (GulfofMannar) (5). ifeni Armadale, 1915b: 4M. pl. 34, fig. 3
Genus Cvunion Gray. C, qtiadriradiatn Tarter, IfofMannar, Andamans, L coast ofIndia);
i
(iGul,;.fo\f7\M?an\ n4a,rfi)g.(45;i.TChomquaisn,qtI9w8a5d,ipalt.lal(9Cfairgt.e3r3, TMhaonmnaasr,) Pa1t9t85a:nay2a7k1.. 1p9l9.8H(IA,ndfiagm.an1s3)((G5,u7l,9f)o.f
i :N\\ 43. pi. 4, fig. 5);Thomas, 1^85: 258. pi. TJ,
fig. 34 (Gulf of Mannar] (5). C vickei SuborderMyvillina
(Bowerbaiik) Burton & Rao, 1 ' \Manga- Family Anchinoidae Topsent
lore)(4). &
(ienus Bctvobatzella Burton Rao. E. enig-
&GenusEchftiodict&yum Ridt r>en<w Ridley M a Burton & Rao. 1032. 332, pl. XVTU, fie.
[9D9e8n(dAvn;dBaumratnosn)(7)R.aRo.c1l9a3t2k:r3u4m8;DePnadtvt,an1a9y0a5k;. 6G.enPautstaKniarykapkat(r1l9c9k8t)u(TNoipesoebnatr.1.K) (8)s.plculqpMa
Burton, 1937:31; Rao. 1941 451;Thomas. 1985, &
: Burton Rao. 1932: 332, pl, XVII, figs 5,5a;
poiu.ieIsI,Dfeign.dyI,S 1(9G1u6lbf;ol12M9a(nOnkahra)ma(n5)d.al£.);goBrugrotrotn- Pattanayak, 199S (Andamans) (7).
& Rao, 1932: 348 (Tuiiconnj, fhomas, 1985: Genus Phorbas Duehaissaing Si Michelotti. P.
251, pi. II, fig. 1"- (Gulf of Mannar) {?>,? na Burton: Thomas, 1985: 252, pl. If. fig. 21
%iStytum Tliornas, t96Bb; 240. pi. 2, fig. A,B; (GulfofMannar, asAnchinoe dubkt) 15).
Ki mas 1985: 251. pi. 1). tig. 20 (Gulf of
ME.annnearrv)o;suTmhoRmiadlse,y.1918808a1;:BiuritMoinni&cuRvaoL,) (129,352). GenusFaCmoiellyoCsopehlao.srpuhaerrhiodmaseonHentschel rmta
-•jam coast) (M (Kumar, 1925: 220, fig. J) (Kilakaraii as
'tyo»{ Topsail E. frutwasa (Dendy, JPsiodcnnucncnisiaWThomas, 1985. 254,pl. H,
1905),Thomas, 1985 271 p|. Ill, fig, 15 (Gulfof 24 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). r. paovi
.
MARINE SPONGES OF THE INDIAN REGION 447
(Ridley & Dendy); Thomas, 1985: 253 (Gulfof FamilyPhoriospongiidaeLendenfeld
Mannar, as Siderodermella navicelligera) (5). Genus Chondropsis Carter. C. kirkii (Carter);
Genus Ectyodovyx Lundbeck. E. lissostyla Dendy, 1916b: 127 (Okhamandal) (3).
2T6h0o,mapis.,II,19f7i0g.a,36p.(2G0u3l,ffoifgsMa1n-3n;arT)ho(m5)a.s, 1985: G(CeanrutserS)t;roRngayol,aci1d9o4n1:Len4d4e9n;felTdh.oSm.asste,lli1d9e8r5m:a
Genus Lissodendorvx Tbpsent. L. balanophilus 237(GulfofMannar)(5).
Annandale; Thomas, 1985: 266, pi. II, fig. 5
(GulfofMannar)(5).L. similisThiele;AH, 1956: Family Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy
293 (Madras) (5). L. sinensis Brondsted; Burton,
o1f93M7a:nn26a;r)Th(o5)m.aLs.,te1m9a8t5:en2s6i6s,(pTih.iIellle,)f;igB.u6rt(oGnul&f kGuehnnu)s; BTeudratnoina&GrRaya.o,T,19(3T2.): a3n5h3el(aAnmda(mLiabnesr,-
Rao, 1932: 332 (Madras coast) (5). Gulf of Mannar); Burton, 1937: 27; Ali, 1956:
sGcehnmuidstiW(aRliddloesyc)h;mTihtotmiaas,de19L8a0ua:be2nf(eMlisn.icoW.y T2M9ah3nonma(arMsa),d;rPa1as9t)8t;5a:nTahy2oa6mk1,a,s1,p9i9.189I8(l0lAa,n:dfai4gm.(aMn1isn)(iGc(u2o,ly5f,7I.)o)\.;:
1.); Thomas, 1985: 252, pi. II, fig. 22 (Gulf of
Mannar) (2,5). Suborder Mycalina
Family Guitarridae Burton
Family Crambeidae Levi
Genus Guitarra Carter. G. indicaDendy, 1916b:
Genus Psannnochela Dendy. P. elegans Dendy, 124, pi. I, fig. a-b, pi. Ill, fia- 21 (Okhamandal)
1916: 126, pi. I, fig. 6, pi. Ill, fig. 22 (3).
(Okhamandal); Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans)
(3,7).P. fibrosa(Ridley); Thomas, 1985: 268,pi. Family Desmacellidae
Ill, fig. "8 (GulfofMannar) (5). Ridley & Dendy
Genus Biemna Gray. B. annexa (Schmidt); Bur-
Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent ton, 1928: 120 (Laccadive sea) (2). B. fistulosa
Topsent, Burton, 1937: 25; Thomas, 1985: 288,
Genus Hvmedesmia Bowerbank.H, dendyiBur-
& pi. IV, fig. 22 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). B. fords
ton; Burton Rao, 1932: 350 (Andamans) (7). (Topsent); Burton&Rao, 1930: 327 (Puri coast);
H. mannarensis Thomas, 1970a: 204; Thomas, Thomas, 1980a: 6 (Minicoy I.); Thomas, 1985:
1985: 261, pi. II, fig. 38 (GulfofMannar) (5). H. 288, pi. IV, fig. 21 (GulfofMannar) (2,5,6). B.
mertoniHentschel; Thomas, 1968f: 264; Thom-
lipsosigma Burton, 1928: 120; Pattanayak, 1998
as, 1985: 260,pi. II, fig.37(GulfofMannar)(5). (Andamans) (7). B. microstyla Thomas, 1984:
H, stylophora Thomas, 1970a: 204; Thomas, 95, fig. lb(BayofBengal, SEcoastofIndia)(9).
1985: 261, pi. II, fig. 39 (GulfofMannar)(5).H. B. tubulata (Dendy, 1905); Burton & Rao, 1932,
temrissima (Dendy); Thomas, 1985: 261, pi. II, p.327 (Andamans, Nicobars, Tuticorin);
fig. 40 (GulfofMannar) (5). Thomas, 1985: 287, pi. IV, fig. 20 (GulfofMan-
nar, as Toxemna tubulata) (5,7).
Family Myxillidae Topsent GenusDesmacella Schmidt. D. tubulata Dendy,
Genus Damiriopsis Burton. D. brondsiedi Bur- 1905; Dendy, 1916b: 116 (Okhamandal) (3).
ton, 1928: 124 (Andamans) (7). Family Mycalidae Lundbeck
Genus Desmapsamma Burton. D. anchorata
(Carter); Thomas, 1985: 267, pi. Ill, fig. 7 (Gulf Genus MycaleGray. SubgenusMycale (Carmia)
ofMannar) (5). Gray. M. (C) madraspatna Annandale; Burton,
1937: 24(Krusadai I.); Ali, 1956: 295 (Madras);
GDeennduys,lo1t9r1o6ebh:ota12R3id(lOeyk.ha/m.abnadcaull)i;ferBaurRtiodnley&; Thomas, 1985: 285, pi. IV, fig. 15 (MGulf of
Mannar, as Carmia madraspatna) (5). (C.)
Rao, 1932: 353 (Nicobars); Thomas, 1985: 235, monanchorata (Burton & Rao, 1932: 329
pi. I, fig. 29 (GulfofMannar) (3,5,8). (Kilakarai)); Rao, 1941: 447; Thomas, 1985:
Genus Myxiila Schmidt. Subgenus Myxilla 284, pi. IV, fig. 13 (GulfofMannar) (5). M. (C.)
(Mvxilla) Schmidt. M. (M.j arenaria Dendy, sulevoideaSollas;Thomas, 1968d: 256;Thomas,
1905; Dendy, 1916b: 127(Okhamandal); Thomas, 1985: 284; pi. IV, fig. 14 (Gulf of Mannar and
1985: 259, pi. II, fig. 35 (GulfofMannar) (3,5). PalkBay)(5).
,:
448 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
Subgenus Mycale (Mycale) Gray. M. (M.j Okhamandal) (3). A. lyrata (Esper); Dendy,
aegagropiki(JMohnston); Rao, 1941: 445 (Gulfof 1889: 92 (as A. aurantiacea); Burton, 1937: 34
Mannar) (5). (M.j aegagropila var. militarMis (as Axinella lyrata'); Thomas, 1985: 303 (as
(Annandale); Ali, 1956: 295 (Madras) (5). Acanthellalyrata)(GulfofMannar)(5).A. lyrata
(M.) coronata Dendy; Burton, 1928: 121 var.glomeraiaDendy, 1905;Dendy, 1916b: 119
(Andamans) (7). M. (M) crassissima (Dendy); (Okhamandal) (3).
Thomas, 1985: 282, pi. IV, fig. 10 (Gulf of Genus Axinella Schmidt. A. aeanthelloides
Mannar) (5). M. (M.) grandis (Gray); Burton, Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans) (7). A. agarici-
1937: 23; Thomas, 1985: 279, pi. IV, fig. 5 (Gulf formis(Dendy, 1905);Thomas, 1985: 291,pi. IV,
MofMannar);Thomas, 1980a: 6(MinicoyI.)(2,5). fig. 27 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). A. huharinoides
(M.j gravelyi Burton, 1937: 24; ThomaMs, Dendy; Burton, 1937: 36;Thomas, 1985: 293,pi.
(19M8)5:in2d8i3c,ap(iC.aIrVt,erf,ig.18987()G;ulBfurotfoMnan&naRra)o,(51)9.32: V1,88f9ig).;3Bu(rGtuolnf,of19M3a7n:n3a5r;)T(h5o).maA.s,ca1rt9e8r5!:(2D9e0n,dpyi,.
328; Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans); Rao, 1941: IV, fig. 24 (GulfofMannar) (5). A. cevlonensis
445 (Pamban, Gulf of Mannar) (5,7). M. (M.j (Dendy, 1905); Burton, 1937: 35;Thomas, 1985:
mannarensis Thomas, 1968a: 255, fig. 1-2; 293, (GulfofMannar) (5). A. conulosa Dendy;
Thomas, 198M5: 283, pi. IV, fig. 12 (Gulf of Burton, 1937: 36 (Kruasadai I., GulfofMannar)
Mannar)(5). (M.)mytilorumAnnandale; Bur- (5). A, crassistvlifera (Dendy, 1905); Thomas,
ton, 1937: 24; Thomas, 1985: 282 (Gulf of 1985: 293, pi. V, fig. 4 (GulfofMannar) (5). A,
Mannar); Ali, 1956: 294 (Madras) (5). M. (M.j dormant (Bowerbank); Dendy, 1916b: 118 (Ok-
plumosa (Carter); Dendy. 1916b: 121 (Okha- hamandal, as Phakellia donnani); Burton, 1937:
mandal)(3). M. (M.)spongiosa(Dendy); Burton, 35, Thomas. 1970a: 207; Thomas, 1985: 289
1928: 1 19;Thomas, 1985: 279,pi. IV, fig. 6(Gulf (Gulf of Mannar) (3,5). A. durissima (Dendy,
ofMannar) (5). M. (M.j t&mispiculata (Dendy, 1905); Thomas, 1985: 292 (GulfofMannar) (5).
1905); Burton, 1937: 23; Thomas, 1985: 280, pi. A. halichondroides Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1985;
IV, fig. 7 (GulfofMannar) (5). M. (M.) tricomal- 293, pi. V, fig. 1 (GulfofMannar) (5). A. laby-
iemis Rao, 1941: 447, pi. 12, fig. 19; Thomas, rinthica Dendy, 1889: 88; Thomas, 1985: 290
1985: 283, pi. IV, fig. 1 1 (GulfofMannar) (5). (Gulf of Mannar) (5). A. lamellata (Dendy,
Genus Paresperella Dendy, 1905. P hidentata 1905); Thomas, 1985: 291 (GulfofMannar) (5).
Dendy, 1905; Burton, 1937: 26; Thomas, 1985: A, manus Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1985: 292, pi.
286, pi. IV, fig. 18 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). R IV, fig. 29 (GulfofMannar) (5). A. symmetrica
serratohamata (Carter, 1880: 49, pi. 5, fig. Dendy, 1905; Thomas, 1985: 291,pi. IV, fig. 26
20a-d); Thomas, 1985: 286, pi. IV, fig. 17 (Gulf (Gulf of Mannar) (5). A. tenuidigitata Dendv,
ofMannar) (5). 1905; Thomas, 1985: 290, pi. IV, fig. 25 (Gulfof
Genus Zvgomycale Topsent. Z parishii(Bower- Mannar) (5). A. virgultosa Carter, 1887; Dendv,
bank); Burton& Rao, 1932: 328; Thomas, 1985: 1916b: 118(offDwarka)(3).
285, pi. TV, tig. 16 (Gulf of Mannar and Palk GenusBubarisGray.B. cohmmataBurton, 1928
Bay); Thomas, 1980: 6 (Minicoy I.) (2,5). 130(Andaman sea)(7). B. gorgonoidesThomas,
1984: 96, fig. 1 f,g, pi. 1A (Bay ofBengal, SE
Order Halkhondrida coastofIndia)(9). B. radiataDendy, 1916b: 131
Family Axinellidae Carter pi. L, fig. 8a,b,pi. IV,figs24a,b(Okhamandal).B.
vermiculata (Bowerbank); Carter, 1880: 46 (as
GenusAcanthellaSchmidt.A. cavernosaDendy; Hvmerhaphia vermiculatavar. erecta); Thomas,
Burton, 1937: 36 (Gulf of Mannar); Thomas, 1985: 296, pi. V, fig. 6 (GulfofMannaMr) (5).
1980b: 9 (Minicoy I.): Thomas, 1984: 97 (Bay of Genus Monocrepidium Topsent. eruca
Bengal, SE coast of India) (2,5,9). A. mega- (Carter, 1880: 46,pi.4, fig.9a-c);Thomas, 1985:
spicula Thomas, 1984: 99 (Bay ofBengal, SE 297, pi. V, fig. 8 (GulfofMannar) (5).
coast ofIndia) (9).A. ramosa Kumar, 1925: 224 GenusPhakettiaBowerbank. P. ridleyi(Dendy);
(Ganjam coast) (6). Thomas, 1985:294,pi. V,fig. 5 (GulfofMannar)
Genus Auletta Schmidt. A, andamanensis (5).
Pattanayak, 1998 (Andamans) (7). A. elongate* GenusRhahdoplocaTopsent. R. cnrvispiculifera
Dendy, 1905; Burton, 1937: 37; Thomas, 1985: (Carter, 1880: 43, pi. 4, fig. 6) (as Microciona
302, pi. V, fig. 19 (Gulf of Mannar) (5). A. curvispiculiferst);Thomas, 1985:296,pi.V, fig. 7
elongata var. fruticosa Dendy, 1916: 119 ( (GulfofMannar) (5).