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Android Application Testing Guide Build intensively tested and bug free Android applications Diego Torres Milano BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Android Application Testing Guide Copyright © 2011 Packt Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book. Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. First published: June 2011 Production Reference: 1170611 Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. 32 Lincoln Road Olton Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK. ISBN 978-1-849513-50-0 www.packtpub.com Cover Image by Asher Wishkerman ([email protected] ) Credits Author Project Coordinator Diego Torres Milano Joel Goveya Reviewers Proofreaders Paul Bourdeaux Aaron Nash Noah Eltzroth Stephen Silk Tomas Malmsten Indexer Gabor Paller Hemangini Bari Abhinav Tyagi Graphics Acquisition Editor Nilesh Mohite Tarun Singh Production Coordinator Development Editor Kruthika Bangera Chris Rodrigues Cover Work Technical Editor Kruthika Bangera Conrad Sardinha About the Author Diego Torres Milano has been involved with the Android platform since its inception, at the end of 2007, when he started exploring and researching the platform possibilities, mainly in the areas of User Interfaces, Unit and Acceptance Tests, and Test Driven Development. This is reflected by a number of articles mainly published in his personal blog (http://dtmilano.blogspot.com) and his participation as a lecturer in some conferences and courses like Mobile Dev Camp 2008 in Amsterdam (Netherlands) and Japan Linux Symposium 2009 (Tokyo), Droidcon London 2009, Skillsmatter 2009 (London, UK), and he has also authored Android training courses delivered to various companies in Europe. Previously, he was the founder and developer of several Open Source projects, mainly CULT Universal Linux Thin Project (cult-thinclient.sf.net) and the very successful PXES Universal Linux Thin Client project (that was later acquired by 2X Software, www.2x.com). PXES is a Linux-based Operating System specialized for thin clients used by hundreds of thousands of thin clients all over the world. This project has a popularity peak of 35M hits and 400K downloads from SourceForge in 2005. This project had a dual impact: big companies in Europe decided to use it because of improved security and efficiency; organizations, institutions, and schools in some developing countries in South America, Africa, and Asia decided to use it because of the minimal hardware requirements to have a huge social impact providing computers, sometimes recycled ones, to everyone. Among the other Open Source projects that he has founded we can mention Autoglade, Gnome-tla, JGlade, and he has been contributing to various Linux distributions such as RedHat, Fedora, and Ubuntu. He also has been giving presentations in Linux World, LinuxTag, GUADEC ES, University of Buenos Aires, and so on. He has been developing software, participating in Open Source projects, and advising companies worldwide for more than 15 years. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Firstly, I would like to thank my family: Laura, Augusto and Octavio for their patience and consideration. The time I borrowed to achieve this goal was mostly theirs. Secondly I would like to thank my personal friend and IN3 Integracion Informatica co-founder, Caludio Palonsky, with whom we started this amazing adventure more than 15 years ago when we pioneered the provision of Linux services and support to enterprises in South America. He certainly taught me to be a bit more consultant and a bit less hacker (but I'm a very bad student :-)). And special thanks to Ricston's Peter Delia with whom we started providing Android training services throughout Europe as early as mid 2008 when Android was just a beautiful dream of having a mainstream Open Source operating system in the mobile arena. This is now a reality dictated by the market. And lastly I would like to thank all the reviewers and the Packt Publishing team who gave me their opinion, suggestions, and corrections on early manuscripts; without them the book would never have had the quality it endowed. About the Reviewers Paul Bourdeaux is the Senior Software Engineer and Application Development Team Lead at Sundog, a marketing and technology company based in the Midwest. He has a strong background in traditional software engineering, has authored several white papers relating to mobile marketing and software engineering, and has presented at both national and regional software engineering conferences. Paul is the mobile marketing expert at Sundog, and his passion lies in mobile and cloud based software engineering. Noah Eltzroth teaches dynamic web development at the Sullivan College of Technology and Design in Louisville, Kentucky. He enjoys working on a variety of different software projects including business-oriented portals, data processing, and Android applications. In his free time, Noah enjoys programming in both Java and PHP. Tomas Malmsten has been working with software development for over a decade. During this time he has had the opportunity to work with a vast variety of technologies in various different business settings. His main focus has been the Java ecosystem where he has worked with everything from large enterprise systems to Android application development. Tomas is a passionate software craftsman who strives for excellence in all aspects of programming. From customer service and interaction to well crafted maintainable programs. You can get in touch with Tomas through any of the following means: • Blog: http://www.tomasmalmsten.com • Twitter: http://twitter.com/tomasmalmsten • E-mail: [email protected] • LinkedIn: http://se.linkedin.com/in/tomasmalmsten Gábor Paller received his MSc. and PhD. degrees from the Technical University of Budapest in 1992 and 1996, respectively. Dr. Paller joined Nokia in 1998 and held positions in Nokia R&D and Nokia Research Center. His interests included wireless protocol development, mobile device management, mobile Java and middleware. He was also involved in standardization and joint research program activities. After having left Nokia, he worked at OnRelay Ltd. on fixed-mobile convergence technologies, and then in 2010 he joined Ericsson where he works on IMS. Gabor Paller runs the popular My Life with Android blog and reviewed a number of Android books. Abhinav Tyagi is a Computer Science graduate from Pune. He also holds a post graduate diploma in Advanced Computing from CDAC, Pune. He developed several Android applications while working as a Software Engineer at Antarix Networks, Mumbai. He is currently working on telecom protocols as a Research & Development Engineer at Nokia Siemens Networks. I would like to thank Joel Goveya and Tarun Singh for giving me this wonderful opportunity. Table of Contents Preface 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started with Testing 7 Brief history 7 Software bugs 8 How bugs severely affect your projects 9 Why, what, how, and when to test 9 What to test 11 Activity lifecycle events 12 Database and filesystem operations 12 Physical characteristics of the device 12 Types of tests 13 Unit tests 13 The test fixture 15 The setUp() method 15 The tearDown() method 15 Test preconditions 16 The actual tests 16 Integration tests 20 Functional or acceptance tests 20 Test case scenario 22 Performance tests 22 System tests 23 Android testing framework 23 Instrumentation 23 Test targets 25 Summary 26 Chapter 2: Testing on Android 27 JUnit 28 Creating the Android main project 28 Creating the Android test project 29 Table of Contents Package explorer 31 Creating a test case 32 Special methods 36 Test annotations 36 Running the tests 37 Running all tests from Eclipse 37 Running a single test case from Eclipse 38 Running from the emulator 39 Running tests from the command line 41 Running all tests 42 Running tests from a specific test case 42 Running a specific test by name 42 Running specific tests by category 43 Running performance tests 44 Dry run 44 Debugging tests 45 Other command-line options 47 Summary 47 Chapter 3: Building Blocks on the Android SDK 49 The demonstration application 50 Assertions in depth 50 Custom messages 52 Static imports 52 View assertions 53 Even more assertions 55 The TouchUtils class 57 Mock Objects 58 MockContext overview 59 The IsolatedContext class 59 Alternate route to file and database operations 60 The MockContentResolver class 60 The TestCase base class 61 The no-argument constructor 61 The given name constructor 62 The setName() method 62 The AndroidTestCase base class 62 The assertActivityRequiresPermission() method 63 Description 64 Example 64 The assertReadingContentUriRequiresPermission method 64 Description 64 Example 65 [ ii ]