Analytical Chemistry: A Chemist and Laboratory Technician's Toolkit

2015·93.38 MB·English

by  Bryan M. Ham

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
A Chemist and Laboratory Technician’s Toolkit
BRYAN M. HAM
AIHUI MAHAM
Copyright©2016byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby
anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermitted
underSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwritten
permissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetothe
CopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,[phone],fax(978)
750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbe
addressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,
[phone],fax[phone],oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbestefforts
inpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor
completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof
merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitablefor
yoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthor
shallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,
incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontact
ourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStates
at(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay
notbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsite
atwww.wiley.com.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Ham,BryanM.
Analyticalchemistry:achemistandlaboratorytechnician’stoolkit/BryanM.Ham,AihuiMaham.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-71484-3(cloth)
1. Chemistry,Analytic–Handbooks,manuals,etc. I. Maham,Aihui,1974– II. Title.
QD78.H362016
543–dc23
2015018014
CoverimagecourtesyofBryanM.Ham&AihuiMaHam
Setin9.5/11.5ptTimesbySPiGlobal,Pondicherry,India
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2016
DEDICATION
Thisbook is dedicated to thenewest, most precious addition to ourfamily: our first baby girl.

CONTENTS
Preface xxiii
AuthorBiographies xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
1 ChemistandTechnicianintheAnalyticalLaboratory 1
1.1 Introduction—TheAnalyticalChemistandTechnician, 1
1.2 Today’sLaboratoryChemistandTechnician, 1
1.2.1 ComputersintheLaboratory, 1
1.2.2 LaboratoryInformationManagementSystems(LIMS), 1
1.3 ChemTech—TheChemistandTechnicianToolkitCompanion, 1
1.3.1 IntroductiontoChemTech, 1
1.3.1.1 OpeningChemTech, 2
1.3.1.2 InteractivePeriodicTable, 2
1.4 ChapterLayout, 2
1.4.1 Glassware,Chemicals,andSafety, 2
1.4.2 BasicMathandStatistics, 2
1.4.3 GraphingandPlotting, 4
1.4.4 MakingLaboratorySolutions, 4
1.4.5 TitrimetricAnalysis, 4
1.4.6 Electrochemistry, 5
1.4.7 LaboratoryInformationManagementSystem(orSoftware)LIMS, 5
1.4.8 InstrumentalAnalyses—Spectroscopy, 5
1.4.9 InstrumentalAnalyses—Chromatography, 5
1.4.10 InstrumentalAnalyses—MassSpectrometry, 5
1.4.10.1 MassAnalyzers, 5
1.4.10.2 MassIonization, 5
1.4.11 SmallMoleculeandMacromoleculeAnalysis, 5
1.5 UsersofChemTech, 6
2 IntroductiontotheAnalyticalLaboratory 7
2.1 IntroductiontotheLaboratory, 7
2.1.1 TheScientificMethod, 7
2.2 LaboratoryGlassware, 7
2.2.1 VolumetricFlasks, 7
viii CONTENTS
2.2.2 BeakersandErlenmeyerFlasks, 7
2.2.3 GraduatedCylinders, 8
2.2.4 Pipettes, 8
2.2.4.1 StepsforUsingPipetteBulb(a), 8
2.2.4.2 StepsforUsingPipetteBulb(bandc), 10
2.2.4.3 Autopipettes, 11
2.2.5 EvaporatingDishes, 11
2.2.6 FlamesandFurnacesintheLaboratory, 11
2.2.6.1 BunsenBurners, 11
2.2.6.2 Crucibles, 11
2.2.6.3 AshingSamples, 11
2.2.6.4 MuffleFurnaces, 14
2.2.7 LaboratoryFumeHoods, 14
2.2.8 DryingOvens, 15
2.2.9 Balances, 15
2.2.10 RefrigeratorsandFreezers, 16
2.2.11 TestTubes, 16
2.2.12 SoxhletExtractions, 16
2.2.13 VacuumPumps, 18
2.3 Conclusion, 18
3 LaboratorySafety 19
3.1 Introduction, 19
3.2 ProperPersonalProtectionandAppropriateAttire, 19
3.2.1 ProperEyeProtection, 19
3.2.2 ProperLaboratoryCoats, 20
3.3 ProperShoesandPants, 20
3.4 LaboratoryGloves, 20
3.4.1 NaturalRubber(Latex), 21
3.4.2 Nitrile, 22
3.4.3 Neoprene, 22
3.4.4 Butyl, 22
3.4.5 PolyvinylChloride(PVC), 22
3.4.6 PolyvinylAlcohol(PVA), 22
3.4.7 Viton, 22
3.4.8 SilverShield/4H, 22
3.5 GeneralRulestoUseGloves, 22
3.6 MaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS), 22
3.7 EmergencyEyeWashandFaceWashStations, 23
3.8 EmergencySafetyShowers, 24
3.9 FireExtinguishers, 24
3.9.1 TypesofFires, 24
3.10 ClothingFireintheLaboratory, 25
3.11 SpillCleanupKits, 25
3.12 ChemicalsandSolvents, 27
3.13 FirstAidKits, 27
3.14 GassesandCylinders, 29
3.15 SharpsContainersandBrokenGlassBoxes, 29
3.16 OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA), 29
4 BasicMathematicsintheLaboratory 83
4.1 IntroductiontoBasicMath, 83
4.2 UnitsandMetricSystem, 83
4.2.1 IntroductiontotheMetricSystem, 83
4.2.2 UnitsoftheMetricSystem, 83
4.2.3 ConvertingtheSIUnits, 84