ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY AnalyticPhilosophy: AnInterpretiveHistoryexploresthewaysinterpretations(ofkey figures, factions, texts, etc.) shaped the analytic tradition, from Frege to Dummet. It offers readers 17 chapters written especially for this volume by an international cast of leading scholars. Some chapters are devoted to large, thematic issues like the relationship between analytic philosophy and other philosophical traditions such as British Idealism and phenomenology, while other chapters are tied to morefine-grainedtopicsortoindividualphilosophers,likeMooreandRussellon philosophical method or the history of interpretations of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. Throughout, the focus is on interpretations that are crucial to the origin, devel- opment, and persistence of the analytic tradition. The result is a more fully formed and philosophically satisfying portrait of analytic philosophy. Aaron Preston is Associate Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Valparaiso University. He is the author of Analytic Philosophy: The History of an Illusion(2007)andanumberofarticlesonthehistoryandhistoriographyofanalytic philosophy and on the philosophy of religion. This page intentionally left blank ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY An Interpretive History Edited by Aaron Preston K ~~o~;J~n~~~up ORKYOR LONDOLNLOONNDDOONN Y LONDONANDNEWYORK Firstpublished2017 byRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 andbyRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2017Taylor&Francis TherightofAaronPrestontobeidentifiedastheauthoroftheeditorial material,andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedin accordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct 1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinany informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe publishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintent toinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Names:Preston,Aaron,editor. Title:Analyticphilosophy:aninterpretivehistory/AaronPreston. Description:NewYork:Routledge,2017. Identifiers:LCCN2016035780|ISBN9781138800786(hardback)| ISBN9781138800793(pbk.) Subjects:LCSH:Analysis(Philosophy)--History. 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This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS 1 Editor’s Introduction: Interpreting the Analytic Tradition 1 Aaron Preston 2 Idealism and the Origins of Analytic Philosophy: Moore Interprets Kant and Bradley 20 Peter Hylton 3 The Changing Role of Language in Analytic Philosophy 34 Scott Soames 4 Russell, Ryle, and Phenomenology: An Alternative Parsing of the Ways 52 James Chase and Jack Reynolds 5 Some Main Problems of Moore Interpretation 70 Consuelo Preti 6 Russell’s Philosophical Method: How Analytic Philosophy is Shaped By and Perpetuates Its Misinterpretation 85 Rosalind Carey 7 Analyzing Wittgenstein’s Tractatus 103 Anat Biletzki 8 The Later Wittgenstein 118 Duncan Richter 9 Frank Ramsey and the Entanglement of Analytic Philosophy with Pragmatism 131 Cheryl Misak viii Contents 10 From Scientific to Analytic: Remarks on How Logical Positivism Became a Chapter of Analytic Philosophy 146 Alan Richardson 11 Ernest Nagel’s Naturalism: A Microhistory of the American Reception of Logical Empiricism 160 Christopher Pincock 12 “One of My Feet Was Still Pretty Firmly Encased in This Boot”: Behaviorism and The Concept of Mind 175 Michael Kremer 13 Quine: The Last and Greatest Scientific Philosopher 193 Sean Morris 14 P. F. Strawson: Ordinary Language Philosophy and Descriptive Metaphysics 214 Hans-Johann Glock 15 Austin Athwart the Tradition 229 Kelly Dean Jolley 16 Davidson’s Interpretation of Quine’s Radical Translation, and How It Helped Make Analytic Philosophy a Tradition 240 Lee Braver 17 Dummett’s Dialectics 254 Anat Matar 18 On the Traditionalist Conjecture 269 Sandra Lapointe Index 288 1 ’ EDITOR S INTRODUCTION Interpreting the Analytic Tradition Aaron Preston This collection aims to examine the role of interpretation in shaping analytic philosophy, understood here as a philosophical tradition (more on which shortly). Centraltothisprojectisthenotionofatradition-shapinginterpretation.By“tradition- shapinginterpretation”Imean (roughly)an interpretation that wasor iscrucial to the origin, development, or persistence of a tradition. Some tradition-shaping interpretations interact with the relevant tradition at a relatively fine-grained level, pertaining directly to the canonical figures, factions, views, and texts that comprise it. For example, the logical positivists’ interpretation of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus facilitated grouping Wittgenstein and the positivists together as “analytic philosophers” in a way that would not otherwise have been possible. Thus it indirectly shaped the analytic tradition as a whole: both Wittgenstein and the logical positivists are core, canonical members of the tradition in part because of this early interpretation of Wittgenstein (which most would now regard as a misinterpretation). Other tradition-shaping interpretations occur at a more coarse-grained level, pertaining directly to the tradition as a whole. For instance, it was once widely believed that analytic philosophy was defined by a commitment to linguistic analysis as the uniquely correct philosophical method and that there were clear boundaries between analytic philosophy, pragmatism, and so-called “Continental philosophy.” Butthingshave changed. No one thinks that contemporary analytic philosophy is committed to linguistic analysis, and historians of analytic philosophy question whether this was a defining commitment of the tradition at any stage of its development. Meanwhile, new interpretations of Quine portray him as a pragmatist as much as an analyst (cf. Godfrey-Smith 2014), thus blurring the lines between the two traditions and causing us to wonder whether they were ever that clear to begin with (on this latter point, see Cheryl Misak’s chapter in the