Analysis of Transport Phenomena

618 Pages·1998·29.44 MB·English

by  William M. Deen

ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
OF
ANALYSIS
TOPICS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
A SERIES OF TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
SERIES EDITOR
Keith E. Gubbins Cornell University
ASSOCIATEED ITORS
Mark A. Barteau, University of Delaware +
Edward L. Cussler, University of Minnesota
Klavs F. Jensen, Massachusetts institute of Technology
WILLIAM El. DEEN
Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Manfred Morari, ETH Massachusetts Institute of Technology
W. Harmon Ray, University of Wisconsin
William B. Russel, Princeton University
SERIETS ITLES
Receptors: Models for Binding, Traficking, and Signalling
D. Lauffenburger and J. Linderman
Process Dynamics, Modeling, and Control
B. Ogunnaike and W. H. Ray
Micmstructures in Elastic Media
N. Phan-Thien and S. Kim
Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids
G. Fuller
Nonlinear and Mixed Integer Optimization: Fundamenlals and Applications
C. A. Floudas
Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engineering
A. Varma and M. Morbidelli
The Engineering of Chemical Reactions
L. D. Schmidt
Analysis of Transport Phenomena
W. M. Deen
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1998
OF
ANALYSIS
TOPICS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
A SERIES OF TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
SERIES EDITOR
Keith E. Gubbins Cornell University
ASSOCIATEED ITORS
Mark A. Barteau, University of Delaware +
Edward L. Cussler, University of Minnesota
Klavs F. Jensen, Massachusetts institute of Technology
WILLIAM El. DEEN
Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Manfred Morari, ETH Massachusetts Institute of Technology
W. Harmon Ray, University of Wisconsin
William B. Russel, Princeton University
SERIETS ITLES
Receptors: Models for Binding, Traficking, and Signalling
D. Lauffenburger and J. Linderman
Process Dynamics, Modeling, and Control
B. Ogunnaike and W. H. Ray
Micmstructures in Elastic Media
N. Phan-Thien and S. Kim
Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids
G. Fuller
Nonlinear and Mixed Integer Optimization: Fundamenlals and Applications
C. A. Floudas
Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engineering
A. Varma and M. Morbidelli
The Engineering of Chemical Reactions
L. D. Schmidt
Analysis of Transport Phenomena
W. M. Deen
New York Oxford
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
1998
-
OXFORD UMVERSITY PRESS
Oxford New York
Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotii Bombay Buenos Aks
CrJcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delh Florence Hong Kong To
Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrrd Melbourne
Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw Meredith and Michael
and associated companies in
Berlin Ibadan
Copyright 8 1998 by Oxford University Aess, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 1001 6
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordmg, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Catalo@ng-in-PublicationD ata
Den,W iham M. (William Murray), 1947-
Analysis of transport phenomena ) William M. Dan.
p. cm. - (Topics in chemical engineering)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0- 19-508494-2
1. Transport theory. 2. Chemical engineering. I. Title.
11. Series: Topics in chemical engineering (Oxford University Press)
TF'156.nD44 1998
660' .28424~12 97-31 237
cm
Rinted in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
OXFORD UMVERSITY PRESS
Oxford New York
Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotii Bombay Buenos Aks
CrJcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delh Florence Hong Kong To
Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrrd Melbourne
Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw Meredith and Michael
and associated companies in
Berlin Ibadan
Copyright 8 1998 by Oxford University Aess, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 1001 6
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordmg, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Catalo@ng-in-PublicationD ata
Den,W iham M. (William Murray), 1947-
Analysis of transport phenomena ) William M. Dan.
p. cm. - (Topics in chemical engineering)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0- 19-508494-2
1. Transport theory. 2. Chemical engineering. I. Title.
11. Series: Topics in chemical engineering (Oxford University Press)
TF'156.nD44 1998
660' .28424~12 97-31 237
cm
Rinted in the United States of America
on acid-free paper

CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
Chapter 1
DIFFUSIVE FLUXES AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Constitutive Equations
1.3 Difisivities for Energy, Species, and Momentum
1.4 Magnitudes of Transport Coefficients
1.5 Molecular Interpretation of Transport Coefficients
1.6 Continuum Approximation
References
Roblems
Chapter 2
CONSERVATION EQUATIONS AND THE
FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General Forms of Conservation Equations
23 Conservation of Mass
2.4 Conservation of Energy: Thermal Effects
2.5 Heat Transfer at Interfaces
2.6 Conservation of Chemical Species
2.7 Mass Transfer at Interfaces
2.8 One-Dimensional Examples
2.9 Species Conservation from a Molecular Viewpoint
References
Problems
Chapter 3
SCALING AND APPROXIMATION TECHNIQUES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Scaling
CONTENTS Contents ix
33 Reductions in Dimensionality 6.3 Steady Flow with a Moving Surface
3.4 Simplifications Based on Time Scales 6.4 Time-Dependent Flow
3.5 Similarity Method 6.5 Limitations of Exact Solutions
3.6 Regular Perturbation Analysis 6.6 Lubrication Approximation
3.7 Singular Perturbation Analysis References
3.8 Integral Appproximation Method Problems
References
Problems
Chapter 7
Chapter 4
CREEPING FLOW
SOLUTION METHODS FOR CONDUCTION AND
DIFFUSION PROBLEMS 7.1 Introduction
7.2 General Features of Low Reynolds Number Flow
4.1 Introduction 7.3 Unidirectional and Nearly Unidirectional Solutions
4.2 Fundamentals of the Finite Fourier Transform (FFT) Method 7.4 Stream Function Solutions
43 Basis Functions as Solutions to Eigenvalue Problems 7.5 Point-Force Solutions
4.4 Representation of an Arbitrary Function Using Orthonormal Functions 7.6 Particle Motion and Suspension Viscosity
4.5 FFT Method for Problems in Rectangular Coordinates 7.7 Corrections to Stokes' Law
4.6 Self-Adjoint Eigenvalue Problems and Sturm-Liouville Theory References
4.7 FET Method for Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates Problems
4.8 FFT Method for Problems in Spherical Coordinates
4.9 Point-Source Solutions
4.10 Integral Representations
Chapter 8
References
Problems -LA EllNAR FLOW AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER
Chapter 5 8.1 Introduction
8.2 General Features of High Reynolds Number Flow
FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS 83 Irrotational Flow
8.4 Boundary Layers Near Solid Surfaces
Introduction 8.5 Internal Boundary Layers
Fluid Kinematics References
Conservation of Momentum Problems
Total Stress, Pressure, and Viscous Stress
Fluid Statics
Constitutive Equations for the Viscous Stress
Chapter 9
Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces
Dynamic Pressure
FORCED-CONVECTION HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Stream Function
IN CONFINED LAMINAR FLOWS
5.10 Nondimensionalization and Simplification of the Navier-Stokes Equation
References
9.1 Introduction
Problems
9.2 Pkclet Number
9.3 Nusselt and Sherwood Numbers
Chapter 6 9.4 Entrance Region
9.5 Fully Developed Region
UNIDIRECTIONAL AND NEARLY UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW 9.6 Conservation of Energy: Mechanical Effects
9.7 Taylor Dispersion
6.1 Introduction References
6.2 Steady Flow with a Pressure Gradient Problems
CONTENTS Contents ix
33 Reductions in Dimensionality 6.3 Steady Flow with a Moving Surface
3.4 Simplifications Based on Time Scales 6.4 Time-Dependent Flow
3.5 Similarity Method 6.5 Limitations of Exact Solutions
3.6 Regular Perturbation Analysis 6.6 Lubrication Approximation
3.7 Singular Perturbation Analysis References
3.8 Integral Appproximation Method Problems
References
Problems
Chapter 7
Chapter 4
CREEPING FLOW
SOLUTION METHODS FOR CONDUCTION AND
DIFFUSION PROBLEMS 7.1 Introduction
7.2 General Features of Low Reynolds Number Flow
4.1 Introduction 7.3 Unidirectional and Nearly Unidirectional Solutions
4.2 Fundamentals of the Finite Fourier Transform (FFT) Method 7.4 Stream Function Solutions
43 Basis Functions as Solutions to Eigenvalue Problems 7.5 Point-Force Solutions
4.4 Representation of an Arbitrary Function Using Orthonormal Functions 7.6 Particle Motion and Suspension Viscosity
4.5 FFT Method for Problems in Rectangular Coordinates 7.7 Corrections to Stokes' Law
4.6 Self-Adjoint Eigenvalue Problems and Sturm-Liouville Theory References
4.7 FET Method for Problems in Cylindrical Coordinates Problems
4.8 FFT Method for Problems in Spherical Coordinates
4.9 Point-Source Solutions
4.10 Integral Representations
Chapter 8
References
Problems -LA EllNAR FLOW AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER
Chapter 5 8.1 Introduction
8.2 General Features of High Reynolds Number Flow
FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS 83 Irrotational Flow
8.4 Boundary Layers Near Solid Surfaces
Introduction 8.5 Internal Boundary Layers
Fluid Kinematics References
Conservation of Momentum Problems
Total Stress, Pressure, and Viscous Stress
Fluid Statics
Constitutive Equations for the Viscous Stress
Chapter 9
Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces
Dynamic Pressure
FORCED-CONVECTION HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Stream Function
IN CONFINED LAMINAR FLOWS
5.10 Nondimensionalization and Simplification of the Navier-Stokes Equation
References
9.1 Introduction
Problems
9.2 Pkclet Number
9.3 Nusselt and Sherwood Numbers
Chapter 6 9.4 Entrance Region
9.5 Fully Developed Region
UNIDIRECTIONAL AND NEARLY UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW 9.6 Conservation of Energy: Mechanical Effects
9.7 Taylor Dispersion
6.1 Introduction References
6.2 Steady Flow with a Pressure Gradient Problems