Analysis and Development of Sustainable Urban Production Systems

169 Pages·2021·5.693 MB·English

by  Max Juraschek

Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management
Series Editors: Christoph Herrmann, Sami Kara
Max Juraschek
Analysis and
Development
of Sustainable
Urban Production
Systems
Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering
and Management
SeriesEditors
ChristophHerrmann,Braunschweig,Germany
SamiKara,Sydney,Australia
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authoredmonographsthatpresentcutting-edgeresearchinformationaswellasnew
perspectives on classical fields, while maintaining Springer’s high standards of
excellence,thecontentispeerreviewed.Thisseriesfocusesontheissuesandlatest
developments towards sustainability in production based on life cycle thinking.
Modern production enables a high standard of living worldwide through products
and services. Global responsibility requires a comprehensive integration of
sustainable development fostered by new paradigms, innovative technologies,
methods and tools as well as business models. Minimizing material and energy
usage, adapting material and energy flows to better fit natural process capacities,
and changing consumption behaviour are important aspects of future production.
A life cycle perspective and an integrated economic, ecological and social
evaluationareessentialrequirementsinmanagementandengineering.
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Max Juraschek
Analysis and Development
of Sustainable Urban
Production Systems
MaxJuraschek
InstituteofMachineToolsandProduction
Technology
TechnischeUniversitätBraunschweig
Braunschweig,Germany
ISSN2194-0541 ISSN2194-055X (electronic)
SustainableProduction,LifeCycleEngineeringandManagement
ISBN978-3-030-76601-6 ISBN978-3-030-76602-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76602-3
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Preface
Themanufacturingofproductsinurbanproductionsitesisconnectedtouniquepoten-
tials,yetalsotospecificchallenges.Urbanfactoriescanprovidefunctionaldiversity
andcontributepositiveimpactstoacity.Theconceptofurbanproductionreceives
risingattentioninresearchandindustryanditisrecognizedinitsinterdisciplinary
nature.Aholisticapproach isrequiredforboththeurbanandthefactoryperspec-
tive to minimize negative impacts, enable positive effects and to create mutually
beneficial,symbioticcombinations.
Whilepromotingtheconceptoflocalproductionfromlocalresourcesforlocal
consumption,theconceptofsustainableurbanproductionshouldnotbeunderstood
as backward facing and oriented at historic small-scale craft production. It rather
advocatestheutilizationofmodernproductiontechnologyandmethodstoimplement
moredecentralizedapproachesforvaluecreationthroughtheproductionofgoods.
ThisbookwaswritteninthecontextofmyworkattheInstituteofMachineTools
and Production Technology (IWF) at Technische Universität Braunschweig. I am
mostgratefulfortheopenandproductiveworkingenvironmentandtheinvaluable
supportofProf.Dr.-Ing.ChristophHerrmann.Furthermore,Iwouldliketoacknowl-
edge and express my gratitude toProf.Vanessa Carlow (TUBraunschweig), Prof.
Sami Kara (University of New South Wales), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Vietor (TU
Braunschweig)andProf.Dr.-Ing.SebastianThiede(UniversityofTwente)fortheir
support and fruitful discussions. And of course, a big thank you goes out to all
colleaguesandfriendsIhadthepleasuretomeetandcollaboratewithonthetopic
ofsustainableurbanproductionandbeyond.
Braunschweig,Germany MaxJuraschek
v
Summary
This book provides a framework for the analysis and development of sustainable
urbanproductionsystems.Basedonaliteraturereviewassessingthecurrentstateof
thistopic,acomprehensivemodelontheexchangerelationsbetweentheurbanand
thefactorysystemisestablished.Theproposedurbanfactorysystemmodeldescribes
theinterdependenciesandinfluencesofthefactorysystemandtheurbansystemon
eachotherviaconnectingvariablesthataredeterminedbythecity–factoryinterface.
From activities in each system, exchange flows originate, which are subsequently
crossing the interface and leading to positive or negative impacts on the available
urbanresources.Astructuredclassificationofexchangeflowsderivedfromthefunc-
tional analysis of the layers of a generalized factory system provides an overview
of potential interactions between the city and the factory system. Subsequently,
theformulatedimpactquantificationmethodenablesdecisionsupportmechanisms.
Urbanfactoriesprovidethecapabilitiesfortheprovisionofurbanfunctions,as,for
instance,innovation,education,recreationandvaluecreation.Thetargetedutiliza-
tionofthispotentialcansupporttheperformanceofanurbansystembyfunctional
integration.Aproductlifecyclestageperspectiveforproductionsitesandservices
isapromisingstartingpoint.
Thefundamentalprinciplesofexchangeflowsandimpactassessmentprovidean
operationalization of the urban factory system model, allowing the derivation and
evaluationoftheeffectsofurbanproductiononurbansystems.Withtheestablish-
ment of a reference system and the methodology of exchange flows, the impacts
ofactivitiesandprocessesofproductionsitesintheurbansystemcanbeevaluated,
suitableimprovementmeasuresandtheirexpectedeffectsidentifiedandfuturedevel-
opmentscenariosdesigned.Forimplementation,aselectionofapplicablemethods
is presented, structured by their spatial scope, the intended application stage and
the addressed stakeholder. The application of the urban factory system model and
the impact assessment method in two case studies on an urban craft brewery and
the urban production of eyeglass frames illustratesthe feasibilityof the developed
concept.Inthecasestudies,itbecameapparentthatdistributed,localizedandsmall
urbanproductionsystemscanprovidespecificservicesforcities.
vii
viii Summary
Thedevelopedframeworkandmethodsfortheevaluationandimplementationof
sustainableurbanproductionsystemsenabletheassessmentofimpactsandprovide
themeanstocontrolandutilizetheuniquestrengthsofurbanfactoriesforcitiesand
industries.Thiswillallowastructuredderivationofmethodsandmeasuresfromthe
conceptofurbanproductionforproducingenterprisesandtheurbanstakeholders.
Contents
1 IntroductionandMotivation .................................... 1
References ..................................................... 5
2 Urban Space, Production Systems and Sustainable
Development ................................................... 7
2.1 UrbanSpace ............................................... 7
2.1.1 CitiesandtheDefinitionofUrbanSpace ................ 8
2.1.2 FunctionalPerspectiveonUrbanSpace ................. 11
2.1.3 UrbanStakeholdersandPlanningProcesses .............. 13
2.2 ProductionSystems ......................................... 15
2.2.1 LocationDecisionsofManufacturingCompanies ......... 17
2.2.2 Manufacturing Paradigms and Decentralized
Manufacturing ....................................... 18
2.3 SustainableDevelopment .................................... 20
2.3.1 SustainableUrbanDevelopment ....................... 22
2.3.2 SustainableProductionSystems ........................ 25
2.4 UrbanProductionSystems ................................... 27
2.4.1 SelectedExamplesofUrbanFactories .................. 29
2.4.2 ResearchQuestionsforSustainableUrbanProduction
Systems ............................................ 33
References ..................................................... 34
3 ExistingApproachesforUrbanProductionSystems ............... 39
3.1 FindingsfromtheStructuredLiteratureSearch ................. 39
3.1.1 ClassificationoftheStateofResearch ................... 41
3.1.2 LiteratureAddressing Specific Aspects of Urban
Production .......................................... 43
3.2 EvaluationoftheStateofResearchonUrbanProduction
Systems ................................................... 45
3.2.1 ResearchApproach ................................... 48
3.2.2 Perspective .......................................... 50
3.2.3 SpatialScope ........................................ 52
3.2.4 Improvement ........................................ 54
ix
x Contents
3.2.5 Focus .............................................. 55
3.3 DerivationofResearchDemand .............................. 57
References ..................................................... 58
4 Integrated Concept for Analysis and Development
ofSustainableUrbanProductionSystems ........................ 63
4.1 DesignofanIntegratedConceptTowardsSustainableUrban
ProductionSystems ......................................... 64
4.1.1 Requirements ....................................... 64
4.1.2 IntegratedConceptforAnalysisandDevelopment
ofSustainableUrbanProductionSystems ............... 65
4.1.3 SystemBoundaryandUrbanResources ................. 66
4.2 UrbanFactorySystemModel ................................ 69
4.2.1 SystemPerspectiveonFactoriesandUrbanSpace ........ 70
4.2.2 TheCity-Factory-Interface ............................ 71
4.2.3 UrbanFactoryExchangeFlowModel ................... 73
4.3 ModelApplicationFramework ............................... 75
4.3.1 QualificationandQuantificationofExchangeFlows ...... 76
4.3.2 ImpactAssessment ................................... 77
4.3.3 AnalysisBasedonExchangeFlows ..................... 85
4.3.4 DecisionSupport .................................... 86
4.4 MethodsforImplementation ................................. 87
4.4.1 ThePlanningProcessofUrbanProductionSystems ....... 88
4.4.2 SelectedMethodsforImplementationofSustainable
UrbanProductionSystems ............................ 89
References ..................................................... 112
5 ApplicationoftheIntegratedConceptforSustainableUrban
ProductionSystems ............................................ 115
5.1 CaseStudy:UrbanMicroBrewery ............................ 115
5.1.1 SpatialConditionsandSystemBoundaries .............. 116
5.1.2 ExchangeFlowsandImpactAssessment ................ 119
5.1.3 UrbanIntegrationandUrbanFactoryServices ............ 121
5.1.4 Analysis ............................................ 128
5.2 CaseStudy:UrbanProductionofEyeglassFrames .............. 130
5.2.1 SpatialConditionsandSystemBoundaries .............. 131
5.2.2 UrbanProductLifeCycleAssessment .................. 132
5.2.3 ProductLifeCycleStageAssessment ................... 134
5.2.4 Analysis ............................................ 136
References ..................................................... 137
6 Summary,CurrentChallengesandFutureResearchDirections ..... 139
6.1 AnalysisandDevelopmentofSustainableUrbanProduction
Systems ................................................... 140
6.2 CurrentChallenges ......................................... 142
6.3 FutureResearchDirections .................................. 144