analysis and design of integrated-circuit horn antennas - Deep Blue

236 Pages·2006·14.16 MB·English

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT HORN
ANTENNAS FOR MILLIMETER AND
SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE
APPLICATIONS

by
George Vassos Eleftheriaues

A dissertation sxbmitted in partial fulfillment
of tke requirements for the slegree of
Doctor of Philosophy
‘Blectrical Engincering]
in The University of Michigan
1968

Doctoral Committee:
Associate Professor Gabriel M. Reheix, Chairman
Professor Pal G. Rederhush
Professor George 1, Haddad
Aswelate Pro‘essur Linda P.. Katehi
Professor Thomas B.A. Senior
Professor Davie U. Rutledge (Blectrieal Engineering, California
Instibcle of Technology)

L290 = RL-290
wo

© Ritnigbis Nownrved
‘Yo my wile Masi

my son Basil and my patents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1 would like te express my sincere gralilude Lo any advisor Prof. Gabyie: Rebel
fer his guidance, support, encouragement and ftiendstip énring the past fon years
He was always wildug and kappy to provide bis help when | needed it, Hie physical
intuition and ability to resoive and simmplify complex: problems directly inihuenced
thie work, | arn aizo indebted lo Prof. Linda Katehi with whom I have regulanly
interacted during the course of my research, ler technical expertise, promrps help
and friendship is gratefclly acknowledged, 1 would also like to thank al the vurmbers
of muy emnrmilen for Useic useful snggestions, Musk of tlem were also uny teaciers in
graduate courser aod therefore Uey inpliitly influenced uny research, The consent
of rol, David Rutledge to participate in my conmittes whie being a Professor at
the California Institute of Technology ia acknowledged wilh appreciation

‘The main thrust bebind this work was Ube need for designing antonzas eorapatible
with incegrated circuit fabrication techniques for millimeter-wave: and quasi-uptieal
applications, The clase interaclion between the theorclical au th experiowetal woul,

conducted in Prof. Rebeit’s gromp proved lo be very smeceeaful in [ul6ling this need,

In this framework 1 am grateful fo my friend Walid Ab-Atnuad for Gabuicating most
of dhe antenna structures encountered im this work, Also [ wml Eke lr exgmess
ray appreciation to the members of our group Steven Cearhark and Claen-Yo Chi

for implementing ar testing the dieiectric-slah intcgraled horn antona presente ia

chapter VI
1 esr cay appreciation to the NASA/Cenier for Space Teraherts Technology
and the Racker: School of Graduate Stolies for financial support

1. wold be posi to acknowledge al the people who contributed exter ech
nivallyor hy offering their tiendship tothe completion of this work. ann espcially
grateful to Drs, Norman VandevBerg, Nad Di, Leland Picnre ang Peo’, Emilie

Vandeventer for both thei tecrical help and Ieir friendship. For the same reason.

I vould als like to thank my colleagues Rhonde D:

3, Leo Kevopelad Dan Fe
ipuvie. Special apprecintion is due to Manos Msvzikeis fr is ely al camaraderie
luring the pam fons yours. For their comipaniouship E wish alo co arknowiedge Ir.
Dims Lysis, Nikos Malamatars, Kasra Barkeshli, Prof, Prodromos Daoutices
and Messrs, Walid Al-Abonad, Paul Polatia, Apostolos Samy and Dimitris Pon
dis

[woud tke co eend soy dacpapprvision o my wife Mari for her understan=
ing patience and love during the difnl journey ofthe PID. My title son Basi
contributed a let of «+ smiles desing the writing lla ofthis dissertation and be
deserves special mention

[At ast but not lat E wis to acknowledge muy profound gratituse to ang pareute
for forging me values nif hy showing me that education innot measuted by aeadeavic

tities but ly cthirs, integrity, kindness ane diversity of inteseats
TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF APPEND

CHAPTER
1 ENTRODUCTION

1.1 Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Antensas
1.2. ‘The TotegeauedCireu!t Born Antena,
14 Online of the Thesis

Il. MODE MATCHING USING GENERALIZED SCATTER-
ING MATRICES .

21 Moth: Matching for « Slep Discontinuity
2.2 Properties of the Generalized Seattesing: Malnicar
B21 Syenmmetzy: General Case :

2.2.2 Conservation of the Complex Power: Stey-diseumlinnity 21

223 Conservation of the Reaction: Step-discomtimuity .
224 Numerical Verication
alixad Scalzeciny Malriews in Canrade
23.1 Numerical Stability Isoues
24 Summary and Conclusions

2a Gi

IIL FULL-WAVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTEGRATED HORN
ANTENNA EMBEDDED IN A GROUND-PLANE

31 Comstrarion of bie Rleetrie Field Invcgral 1
3.2. Derivetion of the Green's Function
4H Sulusion of che EFT Using the Method of Morenix [MoM

‘quation (EPL

W
1s
19

26
28
31
ut
34.1 Choice of the Basis Foactions
33.2 Cenrymsatinn of tle Input Impecance
3.3.3 Concputacion of the Far-Zeld Paterus
3A Numerica! and Experimental Res
B41 Convergence Chararteristies
342 Interesling Properties of Dipole-Fed Hom Ancenzas 38

54.8 Numerical Results: Design Agwels 39
3A4 Expecimenta! Results 65
3.5 Sucimary and Cenlagors . m

IV, HIGH-GAIN STEP. PROFILED INTEGRATED DIAGONAL

MORN- ANTENNAS, . 2
41 The Step-Profiled Integrated Diagonel Horn Antena 1
42 Vheoresical Analysis . 8
43° Coupling to a Gaussian Boamn m8
44. Design Examples ané Mensurements :
43 Practical Recommenaliozs, 8
48 Sunnmary and Canlaon #

Y. TIE QUASL-INTEGRATED HORN ANTENNA: DESIGN

AND ANALYSIS .. +
5.1 Multinode Aperture Analysis ar)
5.2. Coupling to a Cassegrain Antorma.. - 100
5A. Aualysis of the Machined Section and Desa Prosism 104
4A Nunveiral and Experimental Results 109

S41 Some General Remarks see 123
5. Sunnnary and Conclusions 125

‘VL TWO-DIMENSIONAL INTEGRATED IIORN ANTENNA
ARRAYS, +

6.1 Derivation of che Flayuet-Modes
G11 E-Plane Sean
612 HPlane Sean

62 Full-wave Analysie
62.1 Patterns
62.2 Irpedances

63. Numerical and Experimental Revulls
63.1 Patcemns
63.2 Impedances

84 Smemary and Conclusions
‘VIL. INTEGRATED HORN ANTENNAS EXCITED BY A STRIP-

DIPOLE PRINTED ON A DIELECTRIC WAFER 1A
TA Scleetion of the Divlectric T 1d

TAI Dielertric with o = 3. “ 1

TL2 Dielectric with «. — 12: Si/Cade 159

7.2. Nunserical aud Experienentat Resulis . 162

72.1 Divlecusie wich ¢ = 4.75: Impedances 162

7.22 Dieloruric with ¢- — 12: Ieupedancer 187

2A Dielecrric with ¢ = 12: Patterns see IBS

TA Smnmnacy an Goxelusions 7
APPENDICES aa
BIBLIOGRAPHY : 205
13

2

33

aol

LIST OF FIGURES

‘The basic stracture: of an inteprated-citentt hom antenna.

‘The integrated-clecuit hen auleana in a 2-limensional array config:
vration,

‘Whe genetai configsration of th: quasi-integrated multimetls har

A typical waveguide slep discontinuicy,

A discontinuity having port #1 excited by the * mode establishing
fidds of ease A flop) , and lasing port #2 excited by she j™ mode
cotablising fields of case B (bostam).

A eiscomfieminy having port 71 excited by the mode establishing
finkls of case A (top) , and having por! 41 excited by the j** mode
establishing fields of ean B (bottom,

A waveguide taper approximated
nected through saveguidle sections

‘series of waveguide steps con

Combination af S-matrices in cascade,

Apprositetion of the hom geometiy by cascaded waveguide slop
discontinuities.

‘The sitmplified problem in which 1 Hextvian dipole excites the soar
waveguide section which is terminated in twa melUinode loads,

A centered dipole of length £, and wideh w.
Cozvergenve with respert to the number af secondary anaes {up to

the TEs... and the TMjsgs mode ane included in the primary part
cof the Green's function)

0

u

20

R

0

46

52
36

ay

Couvergeuce wit, -apect to bac number of secondary movies (up to
the TR; and the TMs; mole are inciuded in the secondary field,

Convergence with: reaper
which the istegrsted

to the number nf waveguide secuias i
is approximated. .

Far field pattenns for a 70° horn Laving a square aperture of size 1354
asd wscited by an iefinitesima: dipole ata distance of 0.98) ftom the
hora apex (ick), and al a distance of OSI fran La horn apex (vight)

Muguitude of the born eperture Eefield when the feed-position is at
0.384 frorn the apes (top) ann slew Ale fesd-pusiloe i at 0.81 frre
the apex {bottom}

hu: Bepline pattern ar & 1,953 square integrased horn when excited
ar three different poritioc® nea the apex of the hora

Partield patterns of au .00.-sate integrated bor

Parcel patterns af ia “.61Asaysaee integrated lnm.

« field patterns of an -.80,-squate integrated hom,

Barctield patterns nf a 2.4002-square iuegrate! hor
sri pauleris nf a 2294-nquare integrated hoe.

arefild patterns wf a 2424-uquare inegcatea hoe,

Predicted wal rosin dipole resonaetresiscance and resonant lengch
(L— §/2) es. dipule posit from uhe apes (ar = W154}. Nove

Ihe regia of no resonance in the center of the hora,

Predicted and measured dipole impedancr: vs. frequeney for a feed

‘sition of G41 top) and 0.504 (botzom) from the apex. The dipole

Teagths exe & = 038% and fj = OSA eeapoctively al the central
Froyueney, and che dipole width: is w = 0.0151.

Predicted and ncasurel Fand Heplane poteerns at 2GHz,

Predioted and measured E> ftps ané 45% plane Jbocboro) pattores
a1 120He, The oxclitory natere of the measured Feplane pattern at
large argh is dco misalignment steps in the sidewalls. {Notice the
ferent verlical scales ween the E,H (top) an. 43"

-plane {bottom}. 7

8

st

6

6

68

Cy