Analysis and Design of Bridges PDF
Preview Analysis and Design of Bridges
Analysis and Design of Bridges NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Senes presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO SCience Committee, which alms at the dissemination of advanced sCientific and technological knowledge, With a view to strengthening links between sCientific commUnities The Series IS published by an International board of publishers In conjunction With the NATO SCientific Affairs DIVISion A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and D Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht and Boston 0 Behavioural and Martlnus NIJhoff Publishers Social Sciences The Hag ue/Boston/Lancaster E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer-Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin/Heidelberg/New York G Ecological Sciences Series E: Applied Sciences - No. 74 Analysis and Design of Bridges edited by Cetin Y,lmaz , Associate Professor Civil Engineering Department Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey s. Tanvir Wasti Professor Civil Engineering Department Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers The Hague / Boston / Lancaster Published In cooperation with NATO SCientifiC Affairs DIvIsion Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Analysis and Design of Bridges, C;:e~me, Izmir, Turkey, June 28-July 9, 1982 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Analysis and design of bridges. (NATO advanced science institutes series. Series E, Applied sciences ; 74) Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Analysis and Design of Bridges held at Cesme and Izmir, Turkey, June 28-Ju1y 9, 1982. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division. II 1. Bridges--Design--Congresses. I. Y11maz, ~etin. II. Wast1, Syed Tanvir, 1941- • III. NATO Advanced Study Institute on Analysis and Design of Bridges (1982 ge~me and izmir, Turkey) IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. V. Series. TG300.A58 1984 624' .25 83-25461 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6124-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6122-7 DO I: 10 .1007/978-94-009-6122-7 Distributors for the United States and Canada: K1uwer Boston, Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Copyright © 1984 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1984 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands v PREFACE The Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Analysis and Design of Bridges held at ~e§me, lzmir, Turkey from 28 June 1982 to 9 July 1982 are contained in the present volume. The Advanced Study Institute was attended by 37 lecturers and participants from 10 different countries. The Organizing Committee consisted of Professors P. Gtilkan, A. C. Scordelis, S.T. Wasti and 9. Yl.lmaz. The guidelines set by NATO for the Advanced Study Institute require it to serve not only as an efficient forum for the dissemination of available advanced knowledge to a selected group of qualified people but also as a platform for the exploration of future research possibilities in the scientific or engineering areas concerned. The main topics covered by the present Advanced Study Institute were the mathematical modelling of bridges for better analysis and the scientific assessment of bridge behaviour for the introduction of improved design procedures. It has been our observation that as a result of the range and depth of the lectures presented and the many informal discussions that took place, ideas became fissile, the stimulus never flagged and many gaps in the engineering knowledge of the participants were "bridged". Here we particularly wish to mention that valuable informal presenta tions of research work were made during the course of the Institute by Drs. Friedrich, Karaesmen, Lamas and Parker. Contributing tangibly to the success of the Advanced Study Institute were the several opportunities for social get-togethers in which the ladies a Iso took part. The editing of the proceedings has entailed a moderate amount of work in the case of a few manuscripts and only very slight interference with some others. In general the proceedings faithfully represent the lectures as transmuted from the spoken to the written word by the lecturers themselves. Unfortunately Professor B.T. Yenis contribution was not received in time for publication. Inspite of the inevitable overlapping, it has been found suitable and convenient to group the lectures under the following five main headings : I. Design Considerations II. Analysis Methods for Steel Bridges III. Concrete Slab and Box Girder Bridges IV. Dynamics and Vibration V. Earthquake and Wind Effects The lectures in the present volume cover an impressive range of subjects and it is our hope L1at they will of use to a large number of engineers and researchers in civil, structural and bridge engineering. VI While the manuscripts were being assembled for the publishers, we learnt with shock and dismay of the tragic death (in December 1982) of Professor Conrad P. Heins, Jr. in an a~r crash in China. Conrad iiConnieii i1eins was Professor at the University of Maryland, a well known researcher in Bridge Engineering and a dynamic personality. Characteristically, he was one of the first lecturers to send us his manuscripts. R.I.P. We wish to take this opportunity to thank the many individuals and organizations whose assistance contributed to the success of the Advanced Study Institute. 1 • The NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Brussels, Belgium for substantially funding the Institute. 2. Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey for providing facilities and services. 3. AFA Prefabrike Beton Sanayi ve Ticaret A.§., tzmir, Turkey for generously hosting social and technical activities. 4. yUKSEL PROJE, A.§., Ankara, Turkey for hosting social events and funding services. 5. SETAN Engineering Consultants, Ankara, Turkey for funding . serv~ces 6. BMB (United Engineering Consulting Group Co. Ltd.) Ankara, Turkey for funding services. Last, but certainly not least, the book in your hands has been produced with care and skill by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague. The Netherlands. We would like to thank them for their patience and understanding and, especially, for the prompt cooper ation we received from Mrs. Henny Hoogervorst. Ankara t;:ETtN YILMAZ April 1983 S. TANVIR WAS TI Edi tors VII TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v I. DESIGN CONSIDERATIOr.rS Christian Menn Prestressing of Curved Bridges 3 Fritz Leonhardt Certain Aspects of Bridge Design 23 II. ANALYSIS METHODS FOR STEEL BRIDGES Ce lal Kos tern Overloading and Inelastic Response of Steel Multigirder Bridges 49 Con rad P. He ins Steel Curved I and Box Girder Design and Analysis 57 H. Roy Evans Simplified Methods for the Analysis and Design of Bridges of Cellular Cross-section 95 III. CONCRETE SLAB AND BOX GIRDE R BRIDGES Alex C. Scordelis Berkeley Computer Programs for the Analysis of Concrete Box Girder Bridges 119 S. Tanvir l,vasti and Alex C. Scordelis Comparative Structural Behavior of Straight, Curved and Skew Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge Models 191 Celal Kostem Lateral Live Load Distribution ~n Prestressed Concrete Highway Bridges 213 Christ ian Menn Skew Slab Bridges 225 VIII IV. DYNAMICS AND VIdRATION Nuri Akka§ and ~etin YLlrnaz Fluid-Structure Interaction in Analysis of Bridge piers. Part I : Theoretical Preliminaries 243 ~etin YLlrnaz and Nuri Akka§ Fluid-Structure Interaction in Analysis of Bridge Piers. Part II : Nurrerical Approach 259 Etienne Zeller Vibrations and Dynamic Behaviour of Actual Bridges 285 V. EARTH':lUAKE AND WIND EFFECTS Con rad P. He ins Seismic Design of Highway Bridges 343 Polat Giilkan Analysis and Design of Bridges for Earthquake Effects 375 Etienne Zeller Wind Loads on Bridge Structures 415 List of Participants 449 I. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3 PRESTRESSING OF CURVED BRIDGES Christian Menn Professor fur Baustatik und Konstruktion Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich SUMMARY A review of some structural concepts, prestressing schemes, analysis methods, and fundamental behavior of curved prestressed concrete bridges is presented. The application of several structural schemes to curved bridges is presented. Equilibrium requirements, the effect of moment redistribution on equilibrium requirements, and the effects of external constraints are reviewed. An approximate method for the analysis of curved girder bridges is developed. A comparison with an elasticity solution demonstrates the applicability of the method. Based on the structural requirements and approximate analysis method presented, optimal prestressing requirements for the equalization of torsion in simple- and continuous-span curved prestressed box girder bridges are developed.
The list of books you might like
