Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing

307 Pages·1986·11.5 MB·English

by  Roubik Gregorian

WILEY SERIES ON FILTERS:
Design, Manufacturing, and Applications

ANALOG MOS
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING

tore Raters A. temo and teomge Sst

Meclaieal Filer ja Flectamiee
ert Adal

Leis Desig, Ting, a Masta tsing
rich Cheatin

Analy MOS Integr Cnet far Sigal Processing
oubi Grogan aml Gabor C. Tome.

ROQUBIK GREGORIAN
‘ora Semiconductor
San Jose, Caitorria
GABOR 0, TEMES,

Dopartment af Electrical Engineering
University of Cabfornia, Los Angeles

[A Wiley-interscience Pubtcation
JOHN WILEY & SONS
New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore
chivwpednvenrowbese Rayon

ie of Can Casing nace

To our wives,
thi teraes
fant Agnes Gregorian,

{n raliuse for ther patience aad Dep
SERIES PREFACE

‘Tas primary cbzesss ofthe Wiley Saves On Ear3 410 ing get tery
tnd Sndustidl prctce ina eres 98 volume? written for AN ase a8 wll
those iovolved in uber desig aod maputuccaring,Aleneut this i & dieu
laak, be stiavr i Ube ace ene ad euiied far de oh The Bring both
slroay setlenecredealius and cany yours of indestal expeenae 10 thee
books. they his all dengoed fers. ive been ivelved ia nanofaatng
and tuive hl expenence m ietucung wath the For mst

Fach of is hive crave a wide range of slvocs nelle Alter spect.
vies desga, showy, sare and reat, manufactoring ting. tein.
spits appieations, an Nelp in asiag the tern a cre. The Ranks alsd
Jove a Tena es of cach suhvecr ‘eed om he anthers oi wore and
Insniveresne ih fer eqperts trom areund cas world.

"Tee mos: outstanding feats of Chis sees we brows andiase oF Ste
Iwsikite and taere. whiet ie adsense. This incbades fier ressneh and
fhcsinpinent enginees, ter dssigners, and satrial spect, as ell a8
inant quality cnnecl, aad safes engizaors. On cle far usc’ sds. the
Tooke ane 6 lp te the cheat designe, the sys englaser, a2 well 36
spplisatnns, ial, wad eomrponenr ist Sapa and apesifeaing® anc
Sodan engines

Rees A, tousson
Geracou Seer
PREFACE

he purpose of thn book i desenbe the eperucag preps of alog MOS
aegrated ecm a6 Wo lets te ener bow ta desig woe wie atk ecu,
LCasmples of these dics inwate sched iets ana todigel
and dhgual-o-aniteg converters, pliers, lll, eseluluns. aml x80,
‘The maia expbusiss on ce phootal opertion and on the design pooves. Ue
ope tha the Book el be ose ay seviur ur gradvatelevel gat inthe
clevlical engseeng currclird of voiversiies aid ho te Icing ta
telerence mierda foe ishisinal cre designers," were oe tetoinee of|
the tock ay test fur chyaroom leaching, numer probleie are ractided al
the em uf each caper: Ibese proelear my be une ive homewerk aeign-
sents ‘Lo numer is value a6 3 dei eeerexee. ables apd nursed design
fexaimpls ae incleded lw slants the sleptyenep processes anvaed, The Ste
three chapters pends concise, tancleses, und {we hope} clear desxpion 08
the geseral properics of analag MOS intyratsd cireuss. sad the requis
ackgromid in mugaamtis and sersiconducter dsiee pie, The remain
OF the hoo ts deseeed to the design af ths anuustsirauits, the placizal
Problem enecuntsced ard theks sofukions, and same sxemples of syn
applications.

“This hook sorted fina a ser af Kslune ame written sigialy fer bt
seurosneessared aera tne anual se 199 in The Unite Ss aa
Wester Eurepe. atl 36 yuolis ofeving at UCPA, the Federal Fase of
Technpioy of Silesian, the Univeeiy nf Sslgnt rl $04, andl 25 3
ir fn taining omuse foc Riahtochonpy seriondicio. communica,
fan oaipuner vss ffsrad Utgl te Cong Febcatin Tsti
SP Taae Angeles, Tater ie material fried the as nl grachate burs
ffeil ne ptog, MOS inte te cell at UGTA. The wiganivatis of the
ster wis tgetoncsntsa by there ke he pesenlation ite
for auctences of wales varyrug vickgruunde, Lence. we Uiet te make the
book reusonubly sell-golaed, wad the presentsiaen is athe simples. lve
altrded by che topics dhscuseed, nly w Umated amount of prepara. Ws
biumed on the pat of the rider: mateuaties em ene junit level, in une vt
‘tee antendaeroy-leve courses in slxtronies nd senerctr pj ae Ue
rina reguirernens,
The orig of the book aso inluences! tbe eeiled sheave of its ubnece
attr. Snes the crugal shor aourse wie ited ty nn dunt em
neers in the ceagn ef anuleg MOS sicily, te theurelia pies dessuscell
there reed 9 the manure nee for the practical design: protens leo,
in those siuutins were a her vf design rebnigurs eee cite
Ssesermplish gen fbn wo exit ly these th asst xls
sed ia pravlical appliations Hence many ingeviens and fetes Aes
prover were vara

Toth thors save hl vas aks ks visas als atone
reachuty buckecoun We fips thie N's rspersaes hy skslali im
foppreach ts he Iperf war hc

The bouk conasns righ! cegptere Chapin # gives iis stron to

atshed-capsatar ces, company Ihe sua, MOS cinets mith ote
‘agaul process epee my gd sseris (outset exp
etal sowne Igy appt Tae wate gt be Bove ot ie le

laser ecres are seseanl ere aul tout ths peli

‘Chapter 2 describes the Uplate, Funeral = astern, alive
the mnpunuim sos Inrturmaligns awed Uy deen sunple-cata stem
lesan an slog “rele.” Depending va ue ateuta backer uf the
suderts. Us terol uy muir Seu Unee tu Hes

‘Chapter? aes a rie dererigcing of ahs physos of MOS devices, siaussoe
the hnearizsd models af MOSFETs, ard’ destibes MOS eapscrors and
switches. The todhnalnge wed 1 Tebrieace MOS dleviss i sled busty ds-
scvihed. Onae again. depending en the Rackgromn of the audicase. 1 oF
thes lesa should stfies we cover the ceazen ofthis ehaper.

‘Chaorer 4 dicesa tho ctenic desig teshalgues fo ralalag MOS opet-
ional amplises The set somion siuitsonigutations. a8 Rll a thr
‘letige an batons, re nebula 9 es gn esnnpe ie eke oat"
vel. Complse wovengge alleys Mi chapter agrees abut Tie
lectus; This one rot he rosea By cessing the Uasusons ee
oun yield sists wel thee tPsese ip Sets 419, ALL, a
ond ain Ce eg evonple Sr eas,

Chapter 5 cea with srtchel-apacto ter dengn nad hence repress
the tue point of the book, Ax alteudy mentionea, the design wehniyass
isevsed sre vetrtted to the “ragnalrnt” uns: hose th hie Heer asd
thrust, tested fx pracucu upplictions. Che desga of the tee compel,
taal eitigarations eave ame ihler agcinl—es daitssed ix dell
Tastrned siCr a nuitencal desan exampie Some spac AUS, SLB ae
Sindvewipacitur Sepa tlle and smale-resisioe seine RC ker. ne
she dscibe, & Yell wseerge uf all wpe Un tas Capler neele JCOUL ve
Tarte hy vowing Sects #8 sd 99 tis ano cube rele hee

Chapter é eee sith entering opplicalie of evikhed-sypacloe ara,
Such ingunayt cies ty lta axplers.uigtal-vosaaies a woa.ogS
igual eanverters. comparators mudeduurs, oat excitons ate sce 0
pt ineelarory level. A complete scverage of ll topics emi Teer Soar

lectures: naan he yresemes in su Noures iP Me dela dsions of
Sections 62 ad 62 eu od

‘Choptes?sonlamnsa deta dscwsy of the cua ects occur
seitehehoapactor vteaits. This aredal = of ultras impartonee 19
east toeigger ef peucttal ciate and hens (a apis ofits seem
rename suber ate) should be trae atleast bre seen et an uo
vaduate wee rss leetines shor be suiie “ora ie reset

The chapter discusses, on a descriptec love, some sper applications ares cat
2 ‘sulfiming aegleet dering che wr-eng of this work,
CONTENTS

Chapter One. tnraducron 1

‘The 1s0 af Analng MOS Integrated ison fu
Signal Prosessarg |

CConpasieen of Analog MOS Signal Prose ith
Ommse Implemencaians. 6

FBsainpls of Analg MOS Sigal Procising Cail
sn Seen TS

Prablens 13

Referens 1

Chapter Fe, Sramsformation Methnds 19

Chapter Thee, MOS Decicesas Circit Elements

Ml
MA

‘Analea, Digital, and Sampled-Anulog Sigsls
and Soci 19

‘The Laplace Transformation 24

The Fourier Transformation 2)

Sampling and the Traesforn 31

‘The Spee af Sampled-Dala Signals 78
The Design tf Sampe-Tal Files om
Goniewous Tine Bice

Tres 60

eterno, 82

Sevicamawters b
The MOS Tramisior

MOS Traesnor Types: Buds Lest 1
Seal Sal Opa and Lew! Cet
Dt MOSFF"S 75

MMOS Capacitors 96

Fhe MOB Susren 93

Role MOSFETs 46

Analog MOS echelons 99

Problems US

eterenses 120
Chapter Four, MOS Operntionat Amplifiers

21. Opeuonsl Anpiters 121
42. his Cieeitsin MOS Teehnolegy 126
43. Mos Gain Sages 13
44 MOS Somes Felesers un Opus Buti. 14
45. MOS Dulizsarial Amplners 46
Ae. Tas Freyunay Response of MOS Amplien Stges 198
$22 Uncampensaied €MUS Operational Arniners 268
4. Stabile Thoory 361 Campensanoy 9?
CMOS Ampliters 17?
44, Tegnes Response, Tramsen! Response rl Skew Rate
of the Cerspentaad CMOS OM Aap TE
Neve Vertermanee of CMOS Aneplfers 66
An Fthaueement Mode NMOS Upesiry 138
MGS Op-aimps vet Depletion Toate 156
AE, Tae Nowe Pesoreence af NMOS OwAmpe 206
£14 Phattissl Cans krations in MOS OpeSnnp, Doan 208
438. Oy snip Design Tecnu ia Exemsh 222
456. Minlntvefermance CMOS Opsmps sae
Preller 259
References 264

Chapter Five, Switeted- Capacitor Bitters

Urssqrated ies 265
Switthed-Canacior Lacg:atiry 216
Swayclusesitie Uneaten, 7
Senc-Ordar Soruoas: Cassie Hiker eso
Swlihed-Capacit Lads Fiers 294
“The Sealing 37 Setched-Capyuior Files 330
Design Lxaniples 8
Sh. Swied-Capstt ¥-Pah lets 18
53. therated Attn RO Fihers Using

MOSHI Resivors 38?
Toblens 4
Teeferenzss cts

20

Chapter Sic. Nonfibering Applications of
‘Switeed- Copasitor Ciewin

G1, SwitthsLCuouier Guin Stages 412

(2 Progronnuble Cayce Aras: Digtal kenalog and
AAaalng e-bigical Cuvee 217

62. -MOS Comspuraton. 28

64 Modulators Recto ca Patesters 4

121 as

Chapter Seven,

Switehed-Capastor Oxilarers 445
Proems 455
Reforsases lst

Nomideat Hiffecey in Switched-Capacitar Cirewis 462

None eer in the Saésehes 42

Capasirnes Inaeeorascs 434

73, Nosidea! Qp-Amp Girens EMoces 42
3H Nodse Generatee In Stitchsd-Capacitor Crouiss SK
25. ayant Conmderations ia Spieked-Cepauitor Crees $13,
Profleins 24
Referees £24
Chapter Eight. Syuiem Considerations und Applications 50
AA, Preilusiog Reyuieraets lor Sutehed-Capaclor
Vier 330 .
2. Povetleanng for Sebo. Capuciter Hieens 339
S.Vae Appleton o Switeee-Capaeitor Cieais
Digital Voive Transmissioe Systeme 545
4, "Ths Application of Ssicehat-Canacitr Cienits in
Dara Mads 581
RS, Tas Application of Switetst-Capsciter Fete
245 Tone Resciers $84 -
6, Programmadte SwieheaCapasinen rs 5
RE. Tas Application f Stielisd-Capacivr Chetan
js Prsesing 376
Profens 38
Referees $91
Index 0
an
Chapter One

INTRODUCTION

le this chaster, the asia enacepe af a saliched capacitor parcvrtiag as 4
simlarat resister i incedoeed Some ofthe pascal aropertis of ited
capacitor siveuits ate alto bretly discussed. ‘Then. 4 camparison = ade
Fhetneonsighal peesioes using netehed-ajaite cvs and sme alterna:
tive raplementations such w dsret analog sireuts. Sigal fer, an seal
Tipolar icegraod civeuis. Finally. «fo repescectivo example ae van at
roots and ster valizing MOS analog signal pressing eecheiquon. 19
itastrate the grza oental of thes iene elcommmanicaion elem aon
related appsations

11. THE USE OF ANALOG MOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING. *

Flic digeal mosses ae usally lc ins os etegv ise ag,
gl spucins, Ma analog pete saris sgvale io the Kush of sages,
Sutreos, charg, and sh wich are ennsens functions af OS eemtoat
Tine sarabls. Seme Ispia! evap of analagtignal preceay aro abd9
srilifers, passives or aerw-RC Aly, and veo By conan signal
triton: each sigaal fe rapreantad hy a ssquonse of nuribers, Since thse
hurcers ean nat contain a fils numer of digits urspicaly. coda in the
Form of binary igi ar Ser chew an ons taken acre sabes. AO sie
humcrs are the saved ines of thes gal. talon af anette Insenes,
‘Tans. Soeh the dependent and ‘nsesentenr vaviahice a a sighal signal aro
ister. Sines ths pacestag a th digits. Wei wally pefaemod syachee~
hoxals a img or bes ious au iepottat ar of eh lita stan, The
ack prevides eas or more clock signals, each sonciniag accoctely times
ules euch operate av eynchronize the apertion af he somponsets of the
‘ystems. Typical cvamplos oF sip steteme are a genctalpurpose agi
computor, oF a specla-purpoie computer dedicated to (say) ccloulting the
oorisr wansform of sign vi de fost Fourie trastorn (FL). ora dial
Bsr used it speech analysand on

‘Most of the circuits somsidered in ths book fal ito category whic sin
bocneen the tra rum ciscanons desesibe!ubove, ‘hie isthe category o
sompladfara anlog sym. suc syste, the signal epreseted BS the
incoded omplitude of ax elencal sanity fnorauly. & sole 25 i 10
tanileg syitem. Sowever, he system cunine clock, and tae sagnal sophtude
is senso only at siscret tire stances, asin 9 dita stem. Page tthe
develapiient of Ube MOS invite dscyed sn Ihe work, he aut rapt
Sstopled-lala antug stents rere Ue Gairgetransfer eves, st 3 26
oupled desires (CCDsI aud bucke-bigade eves (DBDs. Ta hese, Ihe
Sigoa! ampbiie is presented ey the arieent of charge silted fom vel tw
tall Since, wil yecy fe enorme, the devices die not von Eruback
loops they were inkereai nonreumsive in usere, Thereene, bey see ure
suai for suvb amplctions 4s semplet-ita delay bees. onliplesers, corel
lem. ard un which did aol rive securely cuateolled poles a well a8
zeros, up tor ibe wammunly need! frequency seleive thet Uke. AS,
they requine special fabevation vetowiugs. rther than the stuadurd MOS,
process use? 19 mnutscice distal MOS ects. amd usualy geed some
Specslien! perpbers Gnput am vipa ervuiry. Por ese ranons, aie es
swe rite relatively fe ange companies, here te requiste special
Aesiga tsehgrownd ad lechologs ool he deelopet wd maa

THs cura, the ceeitywongied in Thy bau ca he facated wiiing,
stouaal digital MOS taeinoings, and Tense eel be ple th sone
hin with igi cheailey. Thi lice sopoct. wml grat inpoignes, for
"vample, in mealors ekoummunicatia nyten, tenet aly al ligt
Fenctons axe nfien nose within the same Tanebunal block. FeTeranre,
ese sicitscrmtai only fe sarc being hock: amin, wath,
rayacivars and in are inane, enone Ge these hve bern eveloped
and luulardval the keally avdhble iecoloyy, a tinge aumber of
seplicaiony cin be asvommodaled using only sbghlly ere coniguaticns
s)/or duensions,

To understand the basis comvepts of dhe most commonly wed eerie
liens of snag MOS crus, consider de imple ualog uate neti

batt)

un

Tg easy mn verify that the RIC sinet gone Fe, 10m eat thi
fusetcn (Penn [Ip While this seit eae in deg ha, a eh the
peesenes of the Indvetor in he svt make the Fisting mn an vega
Form impestial. ia fac. fr leetroqucney applizauens. hi eveuit may ell
require very Targe-waluss, and hos bulky, inductor and capa. Ts

USEOF ANALOG MOS WTEGRATEDCIRCUTE.

Vg eis Non,

T w

eo uo
Pt
RARE LA, Smtr om pid fo hae one

vec his probes Ssger a dis mea wo eee dese
Stabe ane uen an scuneR© eee tenho sos Dt th
Gicilul Fig Labs which als ave pean diners apa
frvnlcg the easier Inston speeel in 1-1) Ths creat nels a
GE and ay teed wi slid dese vgnens for 3 wa
Sacro tpeaogony (Pros 12) Tf out bower hac while 1s
Intgine at et mv a8 MOS opin prefs (Snce
Sailers cers at captions yadda le inated). dere a
me jr praca sla integrating Tee iat te very zee
Seer nosed hy the RC serpent wel as tbe sngent noumty ae
Son reaaivens or hae cement These eqreentcanot be ay
Sen i Itegated smn as veer I rete al the
‘Sipersule-odecal ava ot The stv a the capecive Ants
CEE aah cue‘ puro saroneny em IA 1 most
Spatstens {1s wot sil be isa fell In Set A of
Eline 51
Ro eftnesaey wile eo ube Yh the es a be aun
blame in te fei sah fester y The Iss by 9 combination of 3
Uipaslr anda er sche. Coster elvan bow in Fg 12. Heth
foer miles Sy Sy rand Sy oper nd de poly a0 fate wb
fructose tha thal ithe Crone of be emia wg i
Weider 8 and Soqwrte indronoy heck fe. Pee np
Sue nase SoH arn Sys 5, ate lal, Sy and Se ar em
and vine ver, Nowshen 8 and Sy sha. Se diebarged Wha nee Sy ate
Syopen.ané §, and Sy lose. Cis tosh ey the vaags <r cy NS
uses a cara! g > Chey = ny) tn Ens tw i arated af Fig 1 Nest
ts apain vtarged by 8 and 5, ara ae pu U hs evel in ete every
seuds (whore Ts he setting pre! or cick parts Uber the average
surtout tvnush the eames sree .

hus, ,. 18 seeporstmal 19 the branch ile £5 ~ ye Sila, foes. brawch
ontuiing weir £, te sans ewonl = (LRX op) Thus. the
average curtent Hewes 3a thise eve hance age Ube suite if ik: rela
ROTC halls

Us plats tvsefure tha ths snc uF, 12 can Bo ws ela al
resistors in che viva of Lig 1.18, The -esuing ge ahs fe Bg, In
this crit, sities which slong in dierent "esses." ut yore ent
al tasks, hae: been umpined. Fucrinure, Uke seen oitional aepliier

aT 4

1]

Use OF ANALOG NOs MTEGRATER CIRCUS 5

Aop-ung) in Vig, “ib, tush woted merely us a phase ioverer, as seen
slated. This wus peeable ice by simply changin che phasing oF te cl
the ewmthes uncover Sach cpRENCE Che requ pho ver. Seals
bo utcemplchod walkout an opearap. Uke eis ofthe avslortaton ofthe
‘Siren: of Lg 1.15 cout eC Tg 1.3 ue ousted an Chupier 3. Section $4

As Tig. 1.3 icrate, the segsformed cueuse conluns waly capacitors.
cvitebes and epuraps. A muger adv aye ef iis sew acamgerent 1s that
‘os all ome curstenle gevisly letetival by the pus cumtolled RC
prodoets, will e given by eapreniony of tte form (EPC ICs = d1G'C a
Here he luck peril oval deers he 9 etgeiozrsial-conmolid
sack cenit, aa) hy ewe oury acre and sl, Te ther Tact uf Ue
lire vara fy CAC, ta in, he sa of ter ect MOS capeoat es
(Us some stl ul i ke layout af He: cera esr Seti
254i eile lain a asanaes and Lili Ce onder of D1 fo
ibis te, The reuling moe acura that hana toy he I
shat se eared ih ton chip Heitor al ear Rte WC” Ge

A irsnatic iproveraeat ¢ alsa actarable lor the as requir by che
ove semense Ts ahiew age cular ie I cle ange ay
10 krss’s) even with «ange (Le pl) capita: 1 eset of 10 MIE
rained, Such iy renicr will sseapy at tea of azuul TU yer, sluch
prvkisitivel Large i ip ntely US af be area of om sverige chip. By cout
fer typral clock peso oF W ps, Cie capadiunce of che sedis caput
peahang 4 JOM ceastor C= AR WW T/A W EL ph Te
seu sequwed co seule this capacitance about 2590 um’, oF oy G25 of
thar nesdad by the rai whic i apc,

‘Using she tree tspee of components fopeuroes. capes, ard stiles)
shown ip Lig. 1. a lange granu of geal precesing calls em be paced
ana sints-etyp. & Ioghcnabty op-arsp ox. te fabricated on a area
E5104 19" am? ile a switeh neoda epiclly aol about SC pa. Sane
the area of a lage chip may be around § 7“ an auca 9 ete en eadly
accommodate say. “0 vamps. 3 capacitors. ane 0) eeitches. ewapala
ing feam the clit of Fig. 13 heh realise tho asccnd-rder uaaor
Futetion given in Fa, (1). lean he scea cra Ce signa processing capabiis
sash 2 chip is "ficient to iepleinent taster funer eae with & combina
fer 10. Tn Fat, sinze ts east cas he ise sated enltsissad) for
Ty Froquenay signals sve Tighstosnir neti rey he reared: spec
sealer chy inglementing soitchedaponit thes wilh tela of AF
pols, in aleitnoe on Sul cpus 9 9 chip agi inate we
cen Sescriell

Thelin es Feequenereestve frying whi Le heen he as ecmsmnan
application of the surcel capaci (SC ysieuis ated i Fig U3, tte
Ine mary ciTes fiwstious slick such shsute ean ps, Teste nha
sult gal (A/D sal digi coanalng (PAS at caaverson, po
igoontale gin anpiiealion for SCC aul ether seston se wel a8 such