Analog Circuit Design: High-Speed A-D Converters, Automotive Electronics and Ultra-Low Power Wireless

410 Pages·2006·13.87 MB·English

by  Arthur H. M. van Roermund

ANALOG CIRCUITDESIGN
Analog Circuit Design
High-Speed A-D Converters, Automotive
Electronics and Ultra-Low Power Wireless
Edited by
ARTHUR H.M. VAN ROERMUND
Eindhoven University of Technology,
The Netherlands
HERMAN CASIER
AMI Semiconductor, Vilvoorde,
Belgium
and
MICHIELSTEYAERT
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Belgium
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-5185-9 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-5185-2 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-5186-7 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-5186-9 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Table of Contents
Preface……………...…………………………….…………………..……..…vii
Previous Books in Analog Circuit Design………………………….…………ix
Part I: High-Speed AD Converters
Introduction…………………………...………………………………………….1
22GS/s ADCs – Implementation Choices and Performance Trade-Offs
P. Schvan……………………………….………………………………...……....3
Architectures and Issues for Gigasample/second ADCs
K. Poulton, R. Neff, B. Setterberg, B. Wuppermann, T. Kopley………...……..17
Concepts and Improvements in Pipeline and SAR ADCS
D. Draxelmayr, P. Bogner………………………………………………..…….33
Fast and Power-Efficient CMOS Subranging ADCs
F.M.L. van der Goes, J. Mulder, C.M. Ward, C.-H. Lin, D. Kruse,
J.R. Westra, M. Lugthart, E. Arslan, O. Bajdechi, R.J. van de Plassche
and K. Bult…………………………...………………………………………….53
Advances in High-Speed ADC Architectures Using Offset Calibration
R. Taft, C. Menkus, M. R. Tursi, O. Hidri ,V. Pons………………………...….73
Sub-Harmonic Limit-Cycle Sigma-Delta Modulation, Applied
to Ad Conversion
S. Ouzounov, H. Hegt, A. van Roermund…………………….….….….………97
Part II: Automotive Electronics: EMC issues
Introduction…………..………………………………………………………..127
Modeling and Verification Techniques to Ensure System-Wide Electro-
magnetic Reliability
T. Steinecke…………..………………………………………………………..129
Substrate Current Formation, Effects, and Protection Strategies
M. Schenkel………………………………………………………..………….151
v
vi Table of Contents
On The Susceptibility of Analog Circuit To EMI
F. Fiori…………………………...………………………………….…………183
Improved Electromagnetic Immunity Circuit Design
D. Bernardon…………………………………………..………………………203
Methodology and Case Study for High Immunity Automotive Design
A. Wieers, H. Casier…...…………………………………...…………………219
Ic Modelling for EMC: New Developments
M. Coenen…………..……………………………………..……….………….239
Part III: Ultra Low Power Wireless
Introduction……………………………………………………………………253
Ultra-Wideband Radio: Unconventional Circuit Solutions
for Unconventional Communication
S. Bagga, S.A.P. Haddad, W.A. Serdijn, and J.R. Long…………...………….255
Circuits and Technologies for Wireless Sensing
B. Otis, N. Pletcher, S. Rai, F. Burghardt, J. Rabaey………..………..………285
Design of an Energy-Efficient Pulsed UWB Receiver
M. Verhelst, W. Vereecken, N. Van Helleputte, G. Gielen,
M. Steyaert and W. Dehaene…………..……………………………….……...303
Design Concepts for Wireless Communication in Implantable Medical
Applications
M. De Mey, C. Christensen, S. Blanchard…....………………………...……...331
WiseNET, an Ultra Low-Power RF Transceiver SoC
and Communication Protocol Solution for Wireless Sensor Networks
V. Peiris, A. El Hoiydi, A. Ribordy, E. Le Roux, T. Melly, D. Ruffieux,
F. Pengg, F. Giroud, N. Raemy, M. Kucera, L. Sumanen, P. Volet,
S. Cserveny, C. Arm, P.-D. Pfister, R. Caseiro…………………………......…345
Ultra-low Power Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum
Transmitters and Receivers
E. Lopelli, J. van der Tang, A.H.M. van Roermund……….……………..….377
Preface

This book is part of the Analog Circuit Design series, and comprises three
chapters, each discussing a very relevant topic that receives a lot of attention
in analog circuit design at this moment:

1. High-Speed AD Converters
2. Automotive Electronics: EMC issues
3. Ultra-Low Power Wireless

The book contains eighteen tutorial papers, six per chapter. These papers are
written by six experts in each field, reflecting their presentations held at the
15th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design (AACD), Maastricht,
The Netherlands, April 2006. The workshop was organised by Neil Bird of
Philips Research The Netherlands, and the program committee consisted of
Arthur van Roermund from Eindhoven University of Technology, The
Netherlands; Herman Casier of AMI Semiconductor Belgium, and Michiel
Steyaert from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; who are also the
editors of this book.
This book is number 15 in the successful series of Analog Circuit
Design, providing valuable information and excellent overviews of analog
circuit design and related CAD, mainly in the fields of basic analog modules,
mixed-signal electronics, AD and DA converters, RF systems, and
automotive electronics. For the previous books in the series, see next page.
Analog Circuit Design is an essential reference source for analog circuit
designers and researchers wishing to keep abreast with the latest
developments in the field. The tutorial coverage also makes it suitable for use
in an advanced design course.
We hope that also this book will provide a valuable contribution to our
Analog Circuit Design community.

Arthur van Roermund

vii
Previous Books in Analog Circuit Design

The series on Analog Circuit Design covers the topics of previous workshops
on Advanced Analog Circuit Design (AACD), as listed in the following
table:

2005 Limerick (Ireland) RF Circuits: Wide Band, Front-Ends,
DACs Design Methodology and Verif
for RF and M/S Systems Low Power
and Low Voltage
2004 Montreux (Swiss) Sensor and Actuator Interface
Electronics Integrated High-Voltage
Electronics and Power Mgt Low-Power
and High-Resolution ADCs
2003 Graz (Austria) Fractional-N Synthesizers
Design for Robustness
Line and Bus drivers
2002 Spa (Belgium) Structured Mixed-Mode Design
Multi-Bit Sigma-Delta Converters
Short-Range RF Circuits
2001 Noordwijk Scalable Analog Circuits
(The Netherlands) High-Speed D/A Converters
RF Power Amplifiers
2000 Munich (Germany) High-Speed A/D Converters
Mixed-Signal Design
PLLs and Synthesizers
1999 Nice (France) XDSL and other Communication
Systems RF-MOST Models and
Behavioural Modelling Integrated
Filters and Oscillators
1998 Copenhagen (Denmark) 1-Volt Electronics Mixed-Mode
Systems LNAs and RF Power Amps
for Telecom
1997 Como (Italy) RF A/D Converters Sensor and
Actuator Interfaces Low-Noise
Oscillators, PLLs and Synthesizers
ix
x Previous Books in Analog Circuit Design
1996 Lausanne (Swiss) RF CMOS Circuit Design Bandpass
Sigma Delta and Other Data
Converters Translineair Circuits
1995 Villach (Austria) Low-Noise/Power/Voltage
Mixed-Mode with CAD tools
Voltage, Current and Time References
1994 Eindhoven (Netherlands) Low-Power Low-Voltage
Integrated Filters
Smart Power
1993 Leuven (Belgium) Mixed-Mode A/D Design
Sensor Interfaces
Communication Circuits
1992 Scheveningen OpAmps
(The Netherlands) ADC
Analog CAD
PART I: HIGH-SPEED AD CONVERTERS
The first chapter of this book is on High-Speed AD Converters. It addresses
both generic high-speed design issues and specific design examples. ‘High-
speed’ can be interpreted in two ways. It can mean in absolute sense the most
high-speed converters, like addressed in the first two papers. However, it can
also have a meaning in relative sense: those converters where the speed is
dictated by the application, but where the dynamic properties dominate the
performance. Depending on the application specifications, several
architectures come into the picture. The next four papers address design
techniques and design examples, for different type of architectures, that shift
the speed barriers towards higher values by alleviating the analog
requirements, by correction and calibration in the digital domain, or by
giving a better understanding and modeling, thus paving the way to more
optimized designs.
The first two papers address design aspects of really high-speed ADCs,
with 22GS/s and 20GS/s design examples; these papers include a more
general and tutorial like review. The first one, of Peter Schvan, addresses a
time-interleaved flash converter, operating at 22GS/s with 5 bit resolution,
made in a bipolar technology. Sources of degradation at high speed are
discussed before the design is elaborated. Bipolar has for several reasons
been the technology of choice for very high-speed converters up till shortly.
The next paper, of Ken Poulton, addresses the Bipolar/CMOS trends and the
shift in the last five years to CMOS. The pipelined converter slices of the
time-interleaved architecture are made in full-CMOS; a separate SiGe chip
comprises the only function left for bipolar in this design: the buffering.
As suggested earlier, time-interleaved flash and time-interleaved
pipelines are not the only architectures that are considered nowadays. Other
architectures like successive approximation converters (SAR), subranging
converters, time-inteleaved folding converters, and sub-harmonic limit-cycle
sigma-delta (SLC-SDM) conversion will be addressed too, in the next
papers.
Dieter Draxelmayr, in his paper, demonstrates similarities and
differences between pipelined, algorithmic, and SAR converters. He
addresses the various algorithmic and circuit level adaptations that can
improve speed, and the calibration methods that can improve the accuracy
while alleviating the requirements on the building blocks and technology.
The next paper, from Frank van der Goes, presents again a different
architecture: the two-step subranging ADC. He addresses the design of a
family of converters ranging from 8 bit to 10 bit at sampling rates from
50MS/s up to 200MS/s.

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