An Introduction to Theories of Personality, 6th Edition

477 Pages·2004·4.78 MB·English

by  Robert B. Ewen

Sixth Edition
AN INTRODUCTION
TO THEORIES OF
PERSONALITY
ROBERT B. EWEN
AN INTRODUCTION TO
THEORIES
OF
PERSONALITY
AN INTRODUCTION TO
THEORIES
OF
PERSONALITY
Sixth Edition
Robert B. Ewen
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
2003 Mahwah, New Jersey London
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Copyright © 2003 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, micro-
film, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission from the publisher.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ewen, Robert B., 1940-
An introduction to theories of personality / Robert B. Ewen.—6th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-8058-4356-6 (casebound)
1. Personality. I. Title.
BF698.E87 2003
155.2—dc21
2002152190
CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
PART I
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Theories of Personality 3
CHAPTER 2
SIGMUND FREUD
Psychoanalysis 11
CHAPTER 3
CARL GUSTAV JUNG
Analytical Psychology 57
CHAPTER 4
ALFRED ADLER
Individual Psychology 89
CHAPTER 5
KAREN HORNEY
Neurosis and Human Growth 115
CHAPTER 6
ERICH FROMM
The Escape From Freedom 129
CHAPTER 7
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN
The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry 145
v
vi CONTENTS
CHAPTER 8
ERIK ERIKSON
Ego Psychology 167
PART II
THE HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE 193
CHAPTER 9
CARL R. ROGERS
Self-Actualization Theory (I) 195
CHAPTER 10
ABRAHAM H. MASLOW
Self-Actualization Theory (II) 217
CHAPTER 11
ROLLO MAY
Existential Psychology 237
PART III
THE TRAIT PERSPECTIVE 257
CHAPTER 12
GORDON W. ALLPORT
Trait Theory 259
CHAPTER 13
RAYMOND B. CATTELL AND OTHERS
Factor-Analytic Trait Theory 281
PART IV
THE BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE 309
CHAPTER 14
B. F. SKINNER
Radical Behaviorism 311
PART V
THE COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE 341
CHAPTER 15
GEORGE A. KELLY
The Psychology of Personal Constructs 343
CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER 16
ALBERT BANDURA
Social-Cognitive Theory 365
CHAPTER 17
CONCLUSION
Perspectives and Postscript 387
APPENDIX
Case Material for Use With the Study Questions 399
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 403
GLOSSARY OF THEORISTS 431
BIBLIOGRAPHY 435
CREDITS 453
INDEX 455
PREFACE
This book is an introduction to the field of personality theory. The goals are to provide a foun-
dation for further study, to stimulate enthusiasm for this important and provocative area, and
to promote interest in the primary sources on which this secondary one is based. I have tried
to achieve these objectives in the following ways:
First-hand Quotations. To familiarize students with the writings of the famous
theorists, numerous quotations have been integrated within the text. Also, paperback reprints
are cited as well as more standard editions. Paperbacks make it possible to acquire a schol-
arly library at moderate cost, and my hope is that the somewhat awkward referencing system
will facilitate comparisons with (and promote interest in) the original sources.
Capsule Summaries. Most personality theorists are fond (perhaps too fond) of neolo-
gisms. To help students learn the many definitions presented in each chapter, Capsule Sum-
maries of these concepts are included throughout the text.
Theoretical Applications. In my opinion, some knowledge of the major applications
of a personality theory helps to clarify its more abstruse concepts. I have therefore included an
introduction to such applications as dream interpretation, psychopathology, psychotherapy,
work, religion, education, literature, and areas of importance to a particular psychologist (e.g.,
Allport and prejudice).
Common Framework. To facilitate comparisons among the various theories, each
chapter follows a common framework (described in chapter 1), and important similarities and
differences among the theories are emphasized throughout the book. Each chapter stands on
its own, however, so the instructor may select virtually any combination for inclusion in a
given course.
Coverage. The coverage of this text was influenced by two polls of those who teach
theories of personality. According to these polls (N ⫽ 38), this book includes the 11 most
important theorists plus 4 of the following 5.
Interest and Readability. I have tried to maintain a readable and interesting style,
without sacrificing accuracy or scholarliness. I have begun most chapters with a significant
anecdote from the theorist’s life, and used this to lead into his or her theory.
I have avoided the use of “he” to refer to people in general. But I do not feel justified in rewrit-
ing history, so I have left such pronouns intact in the firsthand quotations. At times I have made
ix