An Introduction to LTE: LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE, VoLTE and 4G Mobile Communications

487 Pages·2014·4.11 MB·English

by  Christopher Cox

AN INTRODUCTION
TO LTE

AN INTRODUCTION
TO LTE
LTE, LTE-ADVANCED, SAE, VoLTE
AND 4G MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
Second Edition
ChristopherCox
Director,ChrisCoxCommunicationsLtd,UK
Thiseditionfirstpublished2014
©2014JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
Registeredoffice
JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdom
Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor
permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com.
TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeCopyright,
DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inany
formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUK
Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe
availableinelectronicbooks.
Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnamesand
productnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheir
respectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparing
thisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsof
thisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itis
soldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesandneitherthe
publishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpert
assistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Cox,Christopher(ChristopherIan),1965-
AnintroductiontoLTELTE,LTE-advanced,SAE,VoLTEand4Gmobilecommunications/ChristopherCox.
pagescm
Includesindex.
ISBN978-1-118-81803-9(cloth)
1. Long-TermEvolution(Telecommunications)2. Mobilecommunicationsystems–Standards. I.Title.
TK5103.48325.C6932014
621.3845′6–dc23
2014007432
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:9781118818039
Setin10/12TimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
To my nieces, Louise and Zoe

Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
ListofAbbreviations xxv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 ArchitecturalReviewofUMTSandGSM 1
1.1.1 High-LevelArchitecture 1
1.1.2 ArchitectureoftheRadioAccessNetwork 2
1.1.3 ArchitectureoftheCoreNetwork 4
1.1.4 CommunicationProtocols 5
1.2 HistoryofMobileTelecommunicationSystems 6
1.2.1 From1Gto3G 6
1.2.2 ThirdGenerationSystems 7
1.3 TheNeedforLTE 8
1.3.1 TheGrowthofMobileData 8
1.3.2 CapacityofaMobileTelecommunicationSystem 9
1.3.3 IncreasingtheSystemCapacity 10
1.3.4 AdditionalMotivations 11
1.4 FromUMTStoLTE 11
1.4.1 High-LevelArchitectureofLTE 11
1.4.2 Long-TermEvolution 12
1.4.3 SystemArchitectureEvolution 13
1.4.4 LTEVoiceCalls 14
1.4.5 TheGrowthofLTE 15
1.5 FromLTEtoLTE-Advanced 16
1.5.1 TheITURequirementsfor4G 16
1.5.2 RequirementsofLTE-Advanced 16
1.5.3 4GCommunicationSystems 16
1.5.4 TheMeaningof4G 17
1.6 The3GPPSpecificationsforLTE 17
References 19
2 SystemArchitectureEvolution 21
2.1 High-LevelArchitectureofLTE 21
viii Contents
2.2 UserEquipment 21
2.2.1 ArchitectureoftheUE 21
2.2.2 UECapabilities 22
2.3 EvolvedUMTSTerrestrialRadioAccessNetwork 23
2.3.1 ArchitectureoftheE-UTRAN 23
2.3.2 TransportNetwork 24
2.3.3 SmallCellsandtheHomeeNB 25
2.4 EvolvedPacketCore 25
2.4.1 ArchitectureoftheEPC 25
2.4.2 RoamingArchitecture 27
2.4.3 NetworkAreas 28
2.4.4 Numbering,AddressingandIdentification 28
2.5 CommunicationProtocols 30
2.5.1 ProtocolModel 30
2.5.2 AirInterfaceTransportProtocols 31
2.5.3 FixedNetworkTransportProtocols 31
2.5.4 UserPlaneProtocols 32
2.5.5 SignallingProtocols 33
2.6 ExampleSignallingFlows 34
2.6.1 AccessStratumSignalling 34
2.6.2 Non-AccessStratumSignalling 35
2.7 BearerManagement 36
2.7.1 TheEPSBearer 36
2.7.2 DefaultandDedicatedBearers 37
2.7.3 BearerImplementationUsingGTP 38
2.7.4 BearerImplementationUsingGREandPMIP 39
2.7.5 SignallingRadioBearers 39
2.8 StateDiagrams 40
2.8.1 EPSMobilityManagement 40
2.8.2 EPSConnectionManagement 40
2.8.3 RadioResourceControl 41
2.9 SpectrumAllocation 43
References 45
3 DigitalWirelessCommunications 49
3.1 RadioTransmissionandReception 49
3.1.1 CarrierSignal 49
3.1.2 ModulationTechniques 50
3.1.3 TheModulationProcess 51
3.1.4 TheDemodulationProcess 53
3.1.5 ChannelEstimation 55
3.1.6 BandwidthoftheModulatedSignal 55
3.2 RadioTransmissioninaMobileCellularNetwork 56
3.2.1 MultipleAccessTechniques 56
3.2.2 FDDandTDDModes 56
3.3 ImpairmentstotheReceivedSignal 58