Table Of Content

AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 1 07/04/16 7:07 pm A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 2 07/04/16 7:07 pm AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY FIFTH EDITION Edited by PETER DANIELS School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham MICHAEL BRADSHAW Warwick Business School, University of Warwick DENIS SHAW School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham JAMES SIDAWAY Department of Geography, National University of Singapore TIM HALL Department of Applied Social Studies, University of Winchester A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 3 07/04/16 7:07 pm Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow CM20 2JE United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)9 Web: www.pearson.com/uk First published 2001 (print) Second edition 2005 (print) Third edition 2008 (print) Fourth edition 2012 (print and electronic) Fifth edition published 2016 (print and electronic) © Pearson Education Limited 2001, 2008 (print) © Pearson Education Limited 2012, 2006 (print and electronic) The print publication is protected by copyright. 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All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third-party internet sites. ISBN: 978-1-292-08295-0 (print) 978-1-292-08298-1 (PDF) 978-1-292-12939-6 (ePub) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for the print edition is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Daniels, P. W., editor. Title: An introduction to human geography / edited by Peter Daniels [and four others]. Description: Fifth edition. | New York : Pearson, 2016. Identifiers: LCCN 2016003272 | ISBN 9781292082950 Subjects: LCSH: Human geography--Textbooks. Classification: LCC GF41 .I574 2016 | DDC 304.2--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016003272 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 Print edition typeset in 9.5/12pt Sabon MT Pro by SPi Global Print edition printed in Slovakia by Neografica NOTE THAT ANY PAGE CROSS REFERENCES REFER TO THE PRINT EDITION A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 4 07/04/16 7:07 pm Dedicated to Jasmin Leila Sidaway (see www.rgs.org/ourwork/grants/research/jasmin+leila+award.htm) A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 5 07/04/16 7:07 pm Brief contents Contributors xi Section 4 Acknowledgements xiii production, exchange and consumption Introduction 14 Geographies of the economy 281 Geography: finding your way in the world 1 15 Geographies of food production 302 16 The geographies of global production Section 1 Worlds in the past: changing scales of networks 321 experience and past Worlds in the present 17 Service economies, spatial divisions of 1 Pre-capitalist worlds 19 expertise and the second global shift 343 2 The rise and spread of capitalism 37 18 Geographies of money, finance and crisis 365 3 The making of the twentieth- and twenty- first-century world 59 19 Consumption and its geographies 379 Section 2 Section 5 population, resources, food, the political geographies: geopolitics, environment and development territory, states, citizenship and governance 4 Demographic transformations 79 20 Geopolitical traditions 399 5 Resources, energy and development 107 21 Territory, space and society 421 6 The environment and environmentalism 133 22 The place of the nation-state 439 7 Food security 156 23 The geographies of citizenship 456 8 Worlds apart? The changing 24 Global governance 470 geographies of global development 170 Glossary 491 Section 3 society, settlement and culture Bibliography 505 Index 547 9 Cities: urban worlds 189 10 Urban segregation and social inequality 206 11 Changing rural worlds – a global view 226 12 Social constructions of nature 246 13 Geography, culture and global change 261 A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 6 07/04/16 7:07 pm Contents in detail Contributors xi 3 the making of the twentieth- and Acknowledgements xiii twenty-first-century world 59 Denis Shaw introduction 3.1 The changing capitalism of the early geography: finding your way in the world 1 twentieth century 60 James Sidaway, Michael Bradshaw, Peter Daniels, 3.2 Fordist capitalism 62 Tim Hall and Denis Shaw 3.3 Challenges to liberal capitalism: Approach of the book 11 Nazism, communism 64 Further reading 12 3.4 The end of imperialism? 68 Research and study guides, readers and further 3.5 Globalized capitalism 70 insights into human geography 13 3.6 The world in the early twenty-first century 71 Useful websites 14 3.7 Conclusion 75 Learning outcomes 75 Section 1 Further reading 75 Worlds in the past: changing scales of Useful websites 76 experience and past Worlds in the present Edited by Denis Shaw Section 2 population, resources, food, 1 pre-capitalist worlds 19 the environment and development Denis Shaw Edited by Michael Bradshaw 1.1 Making sense of the past 22 1.2 A classification of human societies 23 4 demographic transformations 79 1.3 Hunting and gathering 23 1.4 Human settlement and agriculture 25 Dimitris Ballas and Danny Dorling 1.5 Cities and civilization 28 4.1 Introduction 80 1.6 Pre-capitalist societies 34 4.2 Geographies of population growth 80 1.7 The heritage of the past 35 4.3 Geographies of changing birth and death Learning outcomes 35 rates and the demographic transition model 85 Further reading 36 4.4 Global population growth and Useful websites 36 punctuated equilibrium 88 4.5 Migration and population change 92 2 the rise and spread of capitalism 37 4.6 Geographies of mortality and life expectancy 94 Terry Slater 4.7 The demographic impact and geography of disease, natural disasters and wars 96 2.1 What is capitalism? 38 4.8 The challenges of an ageing population 102 2.2 Other perspectives, other stories 39 4.9 Conclusion 102 2.3 The transition from feudalism to capitalism 40 Learning outcomes 105 2.4 An expanding world 42 Further reading 105 2.5 Imperialism and racism 47 Useful websites 106 2.6 Industrialization 48 2.7 Urbanization 54 5 resources, energy and development 107 2.8 Conclusion 56 Learning outcomes 58 Michael Bradshaw Further reading 58 5.1 Natural resources 108 Useful websites 58 5.2 Fuelling the planet 113 A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 7 07/04/16 7:07 pm viii CONTENTS IN DETAIL 5.3 Energy and development 126 Section 3 5.4 Conclusions: global energy dilemmas 130 society, settlement and culture Learning outcomes 132 Edited by Tim Hall Further reading 132 Useful websites 132 9 cities: urban worlds 189 Tim Hall and Heather Barrett 6 the environment and environmentalism 133 9.1 Defining the urban world 191 Rachel Howell and Jenny Pickerill 9.2 Multiple geographies of the urban world 192 6.1 What kind of world do you want? 134 9.3 Contemporary urban issues 200 6.2 H ow we value the environment and perceive 9.4 Conclusion 203 environmental issues 134 Learning outcomes 204 6.3 L imits to growth and the challenge Further reading 204 of capitalism 139 Useful websites 205 6.4 The complexity of scale and responsibility 142 6.5 Strategies for change 146 10 urban segregation and social inequality 206 6.6 W hat is missing from our focus on Phil Hubbard ‘the environment’? 150 10.1 Poverty and urban segregation 207 6.7 Environmentally sustainable futures 153 10.2 Urban segregation and cultural stereotypes 213 Learning outcomes 154 10.3 Racial segregation in the city 217 Further reading 154 10.4 Gentrification: reclaiming the margins? 220 Useful websites 155 10.5 Conclusion 224 Learning outcomes 224 7 food security 156 Further reading 224 Bill Pritchard 11 changing rural worlds – a global view 226 7.1 Introduction 157 Warwick E. Murray 7.2 Hunger in human history 157 7.3 The present scale and geography 11.1 Words and worlds: what is ‘rural’? 228 of global hunger 158 11.2 Changing rural geographies 229 7.4 Defining food security 160 11.3 Shifting rural worlds 231 7.5 Food availability 163 11.4 Conclusion 244 7.6 Food access 166 Learning outcomes 245 7.7 Conclusion 168 Further reading 245 Learning outcomes 169 Further reading 169 12 social constructions of nature 246 Useful websites 169 James Evans 12.1 Questioning nature 247 8 Worlds apart? the changing geographies 12.2 Cultural constructions of nature 250 of global development 170 12.3 Environmental myths 253 Marcus Power 12.4 Constructing human nature 254 12.5 Nature and the media 258 8.1 Development and the geography of 12.6 Conclusions 259 the ‘Third World’ 173 Learning outcomes 260 8.2 Conceptualizing development 176 Further reading 260 8.3 Development practice: the historical Useful websites 260 geography of development 179 8.4 The ‘rising powers’ and the emergence 13 geography, culture and global change 261 of new ‘Southern’ donors 182 8.5 Conclusions: geography, unevenness Cheryl McEwan and Shari Daya and inequality 184 13.1 What is culture? 262 Learning outcomes 185 13.2 Towards a global culture? 264 Further reading 185 13.3 Reinventing local cultures? 268 Useful websites 185 13.4 Multi- and hybrid cultures? 271 A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 8 07/04/16 7:07 pm CONTENTS IN DETAIL ix 13.5 Conclusion 275 16.6 Reshaping global production networks? 338 Learning outcomes 276 16.7 Conclusion 341 Further reading 276 Learning outcomes 342 Useful websites 277 Further reading 342 Useful websites 342 Section 4 production, exchange and consumption 17 service economies, spatial divisions of expertise and the second global shift 343 Edited by Peter Daniels John R. Bryson 14 geographies of the economy 281 17.1 Defining services 344 Peter Daniels and Andrew Jones 17.2 Two common misconceptions about 14.1 The changing nature of service economies 347 economic geography 282 17.3 The body, services and emotional labour 351 14.2 What is the economic problem? 285 17.4 Services and the spatial 14.3 What are economies? 286 division of expertise 353 14.4 A geographical approach to economic 17.5 The second global shift 357 processes 287 17.6 Conclusion 363 14.5 The rise of a global economy 289 Learning outcomes 363 14.6 Global uneven development: the examples Further reading 364 of trade and foreign direct investment 291 14.7 Places and localities in an uneven 18 geographies of money, finance and crisis 365 global economy 294 Manuel B. Aalbers and Jane Pollard 14.8 The rise of a new global digital economy? 296 18.1 Money and finance in geography 366 14.9 Global re-balancing: the eastward shift 299 18.2 The global financial crisis 373 Learning outcomes 300 18.3 Conclusion: placing finance 377 Further reading 300 Learning outcomes 378 Useful websites 301 Further reading 378 Useful websites 378 15 geographies of food production 302 Damian Maye 19 consumption and its geographies 379 15.1 Thinking about food 303 Ian Cook and Philip Crang 15.2 Geographies of food production and 19.1 Economic geographies of consumption 380 global supply 304 19.2 Branding and marketing geography 383 15.3 Alternative geographies of food: 19.3 Local geographies of consumption 388 concepts and case studies 309 19.4 Consumption and geographies of 15.4 Food security: questions of scale, (dis)connection 391 definition and interpretation 314 Learning outcomes 396 15.5 Conclusion: the ethical foodscape 317 Further reading 396 Learning outcomes 319 Useful websites 396 Further reading 319 Useful websites 319 Section 5 16 the geographies of global production political geographies: geopolitics, networks 321 territory, states, citizenship and governance Neil M. Coe Edited by James Sidaway 16.1 Engaging with global production networks 322 16.2 Production chains, production networks . . . 323 20 geopolitical traditions 399 16.3 Geographies of production networks: spatial divisions of labour 326 James Sidaway, Virginie Mamadouh and Chih Yuan Woon 16.4 The governance of production networks 332 20.1 Introducing the idea of a geopolitical 16.5 The institutional context of production tradition 400 networks 337 20.2 The organic theory of the state 401 A01_DANI2950_05_SE_FM.indd 9 07/04/16 7:07 pm