An Introduction to Bioreactor Hydrodynamics and Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer

326 Pages·2014·2.53 MB·English

by  Enes Kadic

AN INTRODUCTION
TO BIOREACTOR
HYDRODYNAMICS
AND GAS-LIQUID MASS
TRANSFER

AN INTRODUCTION
TO BIOREACTOR
HYDRODYNAMICS
AND GAS-LIQUID MASS
TRANSFER
Enes Kadic and Theodore J. Heindel
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
IowaStateUniversity
Ames,Iowa
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Kadic,Enes,1973-
Anintroductiontobioreactorhydrodynamicsandgas-liquidmasstransfer/EnesKadic,TheodoreJ.
Heindel.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-10401-9(hardback)
1. Bioreactors.2. Bioreactors–Fluiddynamics.I.Heindel,TheodoreJ.,1964-II.Title.
TP248.25.B55K332014
620.1′064–dc23
2013042733
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
EKwouldliketothankhisparents,MKandEK,fortheircontinuedsupportandlove.
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction 1
2. ModesofOperation 3
2.1 BatchBioreactors 3
2.2 ContinuousBioreactors 6
2.3 Summary 9
3. Gas–LiquidMassTransferModels 10
3.1 Gas-LiquidTransportPathways 10
3.2 BasicMassTransferModels 12
3.3 Summary 16
4. ExperimentalMeasurementTechniques 17
4.1 MeasuringBioreactorHydrodynamicCharacteristics 17
4.1.1 FlowRegimeMeasurements 18
4.1.2 LocalPressureDrop 18
4.1.3 MixingorResidenceTime 19
4.1.4 AxialDiffusionCoefficient 19
4.1.5 Gas–LiquidInterfacialArea 20
4.1.6 BubbleSizeandVelocity 21
4.1.7 GlobalandLocalLiquidVelocity 22
4.1.8 GasHoldup 23
4.1.9 LiquidHoldup 29
4.1.10 PowerMeasurements 30
4.2 Gas–LiquidMassTransfer 31
4.2.1 DissolvedOxygenMeasurementTechniques 31
4.2.2 DissolvedCarbonMonoxideMeasurements 43
4.2.3 DeterminingVolumetricGas–LiquidMassTransfer
Coefficient,k a 48
L
4.3 Summary 57
vii
viii CONTENTS
5. ModelingBioreactors 58
5.1 MultiphaseFlowCFDModeling 58
5.1.1 GoverningEquationsforGas–LiquidFlows 60
5.1.2 TurbulenceModeling 60
5.1.3 InterfacialMomentumExchange 62
5.1.4 BubblePressureModel 63
5.1.5 Bubble-InducedTurbulence 64
5.1.6 ModelingBubbleSizeDistribution 64
5.2 BiologicalProcessModeling 65
5.2.1 SimpleBioprocessModels 66
5.3 Summary 68
6. Stirred-TankBioreactors 69
6.1 Introduction 69
6.2 Stirred-TankReactorFlowRegimes 71
6.2.1 RadialFlowImpellers 71
6.2.2 AxialFlowImpellers 76
6.3 EffectsofImpellerDesignandArrangement 79
6.3.1 RadialFlowImpellers 80
6.3.2 AxialFlowImpellers 84
6.3.3 MultipleImpellerSystems 88
6.3.4 SurfaceAeration 93
6.3.5 Self-InducingImpellers 94
6.4 SuperficialGasVelocity 96
6.5 PowerInput 97
6.6 BaffleDesign 99
6.7 SpargerDesign 100
6.7.1 AxialFlowImpellers 101
6.7.2 RadialFlowImpellers 102
6.8 MicrobialCultures 102
6.9 CorrelationForms 106
6.10 Summary 123
7. BubbleColumnBioreactors 124
7.1 Introduction 124
7.2 FlowRegimes 126
7.3 ColumnGeometry 131
7.3.1 ColumnDiameter 131
7.3.2 UnaeratedLiquidHeight 134
7.3.3 AspectRatio 135
7.4 OtherOperatingConditions 136
7.4.1 Pressure 136
7.4.2 Temperature 138