An Introduction to Behavior Analysis PDF
Preview An Introduction to Behavior Analysis
AN INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS GREGORY J. MADDEN DEREK D. REED FLORENCE D. DIGENNARO REED This edition first published 2021 © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Gregory J. Madden, Derek D. Reed and Florence D. DiGennaro Reed to be identified as the author(s) of this work has been asserted in accordance with law. 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Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Madden, Gregory J. (Gregory Jude), author. | Reed, Derek D., author. | DiGennaro Reed, Florence D., author. Title: An introduction to behavior analysis / Gregory J. Madden, Derek D. Reed, Florence D. DiGennaro Reed. Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020046783 (print) | LCCN 2020046784 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119126539 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119126553 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119126546 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Behavioral assessment. Classification: LCC BF176.5 .M34 2021 (print) | LCC BF176.5 (ebook) | DDC 150.28/7—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020046783 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020046784 Cover image: © Shaunl / Getty Images Cover design by Wiley Set in 10/12pt Minion Pro by Integra Software Services, Pondicherry, India Table of Contents Cover Title page Copyright Preface Chapter 1: An Introduction to Behavior Analysis What Is Behavior? What Is Behavior Analysis? The Goals of Behavior Analysis The First Goal of Behavior Analysis The Second Goal of Behavior Analysis Demand More of Your Science Reading Quiz 1 The Assumptions of Behavior Analysis Assumption #1: Behavior is determined Mentalistic Explanations of Behavior I’m Not Buying It. I Determine My Own Behavior Assumption #2: The scientific method is a valid way to reveal the determinants of behavior Reading Quiz 2 Scientific Method Reading Quiz 3 What Are the Determinants of Behavior? Nature Nurture Behavioral Epigenetics The Activities of Behavior Analysts The Experimental Analysis of Behavior Applied Behavior Analysis Behavioral Service Delivery Extra Box 1:?Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis Organizational Behavior Management Summary Reading Quiz 4 Answers to Reading Quiz Questions Notes References Chapter 2: Understanding Behavioral Research Variables Correlation vs Causation Experiments Three Components of a Behavioral Experiment Reading Quiz 1 Measuring Behavior Behavioral Definitions Observable and Objective Refining the Behavioral Definition Social Validity of the Behavioral Definition Finalizing the Behavioral Definition Interobserver Agreement (IOA) What IOA Is Not Reading Quiz 2 Dimensions of Behavior Frequency Latency Duration Magnitude Four Direct-Observation Methods Outcome Recording When to Use Outcome Recording Calculating IOA When Using Outcome Recording Event Recording When to Use Event Recording Calculating IOA When Using Event Recording Interval Recording When to Use Interval Recording Calculating IOA When Using Partial- or Whole-Interval Recording Duration Recording When to Use Duration Recording Calculating IOA When Using Duration Recording Reading Quiz 3 Summary Answers to Reading Quiz Questions Note References Chapter 3: Experimental Designs in Behavior Analysis Group Experimental Designs Single-Subject Experimental Designs Internal Validity of Single-Subject Experimental Designs Four Types of Single-Subject Experimental Designs Comparison (A-B) Design Reversal (A-B-A) Design Alternating-Treatments Designs Multiple-Baseline Designs Defining Features of Single-Subject Designs Three Kinds of Replication Reading Quiz 1 Did Behavior Change? Two Patterns of Behavior Change What Makes a Change Convincing? Guidelines for Conducting the Visual Analysis What Is Responsible for the Change Reading Quiz 2 Supplementing the Visual Analysis with Inferential Statistics Summary Answers to Reading Quiz Questions Notes References Chapter 4: Phylogenetic Behavior and Pavlovian Learning Phylogenetically Selected Behavior Reflex Learning – Habituation The “Nature and Nurture” Answer to the “Nature vs Nurture” Debate Elicited or Evoked? Reading Quiz 1 Pavlovian Learning A Simple Pavlovian Conditioning Procedure Pavlovian Conditioning of Emotions Pavlovian Fear Conditioning The Little Albert Experiment What Became of Little Albert? Fear Conditioning and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reading Quiz 2 What Is Learned During Pavlovian Conditioning? Three Things Learned During Pavlovian Conditioning Principles of Effective Pavlovian Conditioning Applying these principles to PTSD Reading Quiz 3 Generalization Pavlovian Extinction-Based Therapy Graduated Exposure Therapy Spontaneous Recovery Extra Box 1: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans Reading Quiz 4 Pavlovian Conditioning in Everyday Life Taste-Aversion Learning Advertising Summary Answers to Reading Quiz Questions
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