An Indian Lexicon -- Comparative dictionary of 25+ ancient Bharatiya languages

5111 Pages·2008·29.72 MB·English

An Indian Lexicon -- Comparative dictionary of 25+
ancient Bharatiya languages

Bharu-kaccha, varun.a; maru = desert, water, shore (etyma from an early maritime
civilization)

sindhu-va_has passing (or carrying) through the sea (RV. v.75.2); sindhu the flood in
the highest heaven with which is connected Varun.a (RV. i.164.25); the sea or ocean
(RV. i.83.1); sea as a divinity (RV. i.94.16); the sea, ocean; the Indus; the country
around the Indus; name of a river in Ma_lva_; name of Varun.a; the inhabitants of the
Sindhu country; a great river or river in general; the river Sindhu; sindhu-khe_la the
country Sindhu; sindhu-ja river-born, sea-born, born in the Sindh country; sindhu-va_ra
a horse of good breed (brought from Sindha or Persia); sindhu-s'ayana name of
Vis.n.u; sindhu-de_s'a the country of the upper Indus (Skt.lex.) cintu sea, ocean
(te_rmicaic cen-r-ato_r cintu : Kampara_. A_r-r-up. 32) (Ta.lex.)
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Phonetic guide
a rut,at m. mum n- new
a_/ law n: king r- curl
a~_ long n~ nyet r. rug
/a~ un- h-/k- what r.. (zsh)
i it c change s fuse
i_ bee c. so s. shut
i~_ been d then s' sugar
/i~ in d. dot t both
u you l. rivalry t. too
u_/ ooze n. and
u~_ boon
/u~ june
e bet
e_ ate
e~_ bane
/e~ when,whey
o obese
o_ note
o~_ bone,one

Indian Lexicon: alphabetical sequence
[Note: Since the file sizes are large, the downloading may take several minutes depending on
the speed of the modem used. For faster searches, try using the Semantic Sequence or
Advanced Search facility.]
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An Indian Lexicon (12mb.)
General alphabetical sequence (from 0001 to 8387)
Each cluster presents ancient lexemes from all Indian languages
[Phonetic guide (Basic sounds of the language)]
a-i-u-e-o k-kh-g-gh c-ch-j-jh/ t-th-d-dh/ v-p-ph-b-bh-m
s-s'-s. t.-t.h-d.-d.h
0001- (692kb.) 1259- (474kb.) 2863- (872kb.) 4052- (400kb.) 5574- (418kb.)
0462- (234kb.) 1540- (470kb.) 3392- (516kb.) 4329- (471kb.) 5746- (554kb.)
0709- (245kb.) 1794- (450kb.) 3788- (361kb.) 4685- (475kb.) 6128- (458kb.)
0962- (360kb.) 2059- (450kb.) 6436- (414kb.)
2401- (684kb.) 6717- (446kb.)
6966- (509kb.)
-n
7398- (485kb.)
5070- (430kb.)
7898- (191kb.)
8095-8387(281kb.)
r-l
5422- (182kb.)

Selected semantic Clusters : Cultural Geography Economic Epigraphy (281kb.)
Indian Lexicon: semantic clusters
General semantic sequencing (using English meanings)
A comprehensive search facility is provided to search for
ANY INDIAN WORD or ANY ENGLISH MEANING.
In addition to an advanced search engine presented for the Indian Lexion, the Lexion is
presented in three sequences for easy search of Indian lexemes and English meanings: Indian
Lexicon
3
• Semantic clusters (the current page)
• English meanings
• Alphabetical sequence of Indian language lexemes
These are semantic clusters of Indian lexemes. The semantics are derived using English
meanings.
The lexicon provides semantic clusters from Indian languages closely approximating each
English meaning listed.
• The organization of the semantic clusters is intended to facilitate speedy downloading
and browsing of each semantic cluster.
• The resulting page presents the Indian lexemes using a simple transliteration rules.
[Phonetic guide (Basic sounds of the language)]
Semantic clusters (1242 English words and Botanical species Latin)
• Economic Court: Flora and Products from Flora@
• Birds
• Insects
• Fauna
• Animate phenomena: birth, body, sensory perceptions and actions
• Visual phenomena, forms and shapes
• Numeration and Mensuration
• Economic Court: Natural phenomena, Earth formations, Products of earth (excluding
flora clustered in a distinct category) @
• Building, Infrastructure
• Work, skills, products of labour and workers (fire-worker, potter/ smith/ lapidary,
weaver, farmer, soldier)
• Language fields
• Kinship
• Social formations
• Other semantic clusters
Economic Court: Flora and Products from Flora
butter curdle flesh flour food grain honey liquor mahua molasses oil oilcake rice spice sugar
supper tobacco wheat
bark cloth cotton drug flax fragrance fringe garland harvest granary glue hemp indigo
itch kunda lac log medicine mouldy ointment peel poison pulp pungent raw reed resin
root sandal scent seed sheaf sheath skein sow stick straw thorn thresh tip-cat
apple asparagus balsam bamboo banana barley basil basket betel bud camphor
cardamom cashew celery chaff clearingnut clove bush cork coconut
4
coffee creeper cucumber cumin ebony date fenugreek forest flower fruit garden garlic
ginger gooseberry gourd hibiscus jackfruit jalap jujube leadwort leaf linseed lotus mango
mushroom mustard palm orpiment pepper pericarp petal pomegranate raspberry saffron
sago sprout tree tuber turmeric wax wood-apple
abies abrus acacia acalypha acampe acanthus achyranthes aconitum acorus adenanthera aegle
aeschynomena aeschynomene agaricus agathotes agati ageratum aglaia aguilaria ailantus
alangium aloe alosanthes alpinia amarantus albizzia amomum andropogon
anethum anodendron anogeissus anthocephalus anthriscus antiaris areca aristolochia arka
artemisia artocarpus arum atlantia averrhoea azima balanites barleria barringtonia
basella bassia bauhinia berberis betula bixa blyxa bombax boswellia bryonia buchanania
butea caesalpinia caesaria cajanus calamus calophyllum canarium cannabis canthium
capparis carallia cardiospermum careya carissa carthamus carum caryota cassia
cassytha cedrela cedrus celastrus celosia celtis cerbera ceropegia ceratonia chenopodium
cicer cichorium cinnabar cinnamomum cinnamon citrus clarion cleistanthus
clerodendrum clitoria coccinia cocculus colocasia colosanthes
convolvulus cordia coriandrum costum costus cratraeva crocus crotalaria croton cucumis
curculigo curcuma cyperus dalbergia datura desmodium dichrostachys dillenia dioscorea
diospyros dodonea dolichos eclipta elaeocarpus elettaria eleusine ericybe erythrina
erythroxylon eugenia eugenis euphorbia excoecaria feronia ferula ficus frankincense
flacourtia garcinia galangal gamboge gardenia gaultheria gendarussa gentiana gloria
gmelina grewia grislea gymnema gynandropsis gyrocarpus heliotropium hemidesmus
hiptage holcus hopea hydnocarpus ichnocarpus ilex indigofera ipomoea jasminum juniper
justicia kaempferia lagenaria lagerstroemia laurus lepidum leucas ligusticum linum lobellia
lodhra luffa luvunga macaranga mangifera marsilia melastoma meliosma
memecyclon mentha mesua millingtonia mimusops momordica moringa morus mucuna
myrica myristica myrobalan myrtus nardostachys nauclea nelumbium nerium nyctanthes
nymphaea ochlandra ochre ocimum odina olea ophioxylon oryza palmyra pandanus
panicum papaver pavetta pavonia phaseolus phoenix phyllanthus physalis pimpinella pinus
piper plumbago pogostemon polygala polygonum premna prunus psidium pterocarpus
pterospermum pouzolzia prosopis quercus randia raphanus rauwofia rhizophora ricinus
rottleria rubia rumex saccharum sal salicornia salvadora salvinia sandoricum santalum
sapindus sarcostemma saussurea schleichera scirpus semecarpus sesamum sesbana
sesbania shorea sinapis solanum soymida sphaeranthus spinachia sterculia stereospermum
strobilanthes strychnos swertia symplocos syzygium tabernaemontana tamarindus tectona
tephrosia terminalia thespesia tinospora tribulus tragia trapa trema trichosanthes
trigonella trophis unquis utrica vaccinium veronia vitex vulpes wrightia xylia zizyphus
Birds
bird bluejay cock crane crow cuckoo dove duck eagle feather
gizzard crest hawk heron kingfisher myna nest owl parrot pheasant quail robin shrike
skylark snipe sparrow teal weaver-bird
Insects
bat beehive caterpillar chameleon cockroach crab frog insect lizard mosquito scorpion snake
spider
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Fauna
animal antelope, goat, deer, markhor, ram alligator bear buffalo bull camel dog elephant fish
hare herd horn horse ivory lair lion lowing mongoose monkey musk-deer octopus pony
porpoise rat rhinoceros shoal squirrel tail tiger tortoise yak yak-tail
Animate phenomena: birth, body, sensory perceptions and actions
abortion age amazed anger anus arrive ask attack back bald bathe behind beard beat beg
being belly bile birth bite blink blood blow body boil bone breath bristle butt buttock care
cheek chest chignon chin climb come copulate creep cross cry cut dance death decay doubt
dream dumb dwarf echo elbow end excrement eye faeces fall fat finger fist flee fly frolic
front funeral genus give gore groan hair hand hatch head heel hear heart herpes hiccup
hide hit hunt hurt idle intoxicate invite itch jaundice joint juggler jump kick lame laugh lift
leap leg lip listen liver look male mane meet mole mouth movement muscle nail navel neck
nerve noise nose numb old penis perish phlegm plague pour pregnant pudendum pull pus
push put raise rattle recite reply repress restrain rinse roar roll run rush scab scar
scatter seize senses separate serve silence sing sink sit shoulder shrink slander slap sleep
speak splash spleen split sprain squeeze stammer standing stay stirring stop strength suck
surprise swallow sweep swell swing syllable take tame taste throb throw tired toe trunk
tumour turning turn-back tusk twist udder urine vault vomit vulva waist walk woman
word wrinkle young
Visual phenomena, forms and shapes
ball beauty bend bit black braid brown bubble chequered circle colour crack curve dense dot
endless entangled extremity fitting flow fork full green heap hole hollow hump
incline invert knob knot leak left line long loose middle ooze red slack slant small square
straight stripe white
Numeration and Mensuration
account agreement audit average balance (scales) banker big broad centre cheap coin
collect collection contain counting deficient divide eight finger five four half high
increase joint knot lightness load mark marked market marking numeration one remainder
six seven ten two three twelve twenty measure weight zero
Economic Court: Natural phenomena, Earth formations, Products of earth (excluding flora
clustered in a distinct category)
barren basin borax brass bright bronze burst clay cloud cold collyrium crystal
darkness dawn desert dew dry extinguish fire frost gem glitter gold (including
soma) goods earth hail heat hill island lapislazuli lightning moon mud night north
ocean ore pearl planet pleiades rain rainbow river ruby sand salt sediment shell silk
silver sky smoke soap solstice south star stone sun tank tin thunder water wave wet
wind zodiac
Building, infrastructure
arch brick bridge building bund cave chisel chop churn corner door drain fence fencing ford
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fort house kitchen lattice loft parapet pillar rafter roof shelf space stable wall wattle way
(path, road)
Work, skills, products of labour and workers (fire-worker, potter/ smith/ lapidary, weaver,
farmer, soldier)
[The lexemes related to weapons and tools are so vivid and distinctive that the entire group
has been clustered together to provide an overview of the skills developed which are
reflected in semantic expansions related to weapon types and to wielding them. Thus, the
clusters in the following list (e.g. awl, axe, bow, goad, razor, saw, sickle) are only to be
treated as 'tool' samplers.]
Weapons assembly amulet army axle badge bead bed bellows blanket boat bolt bore
and bracelet brazier break broken butcher camp cart carve censer cloak comb
Tools commonwealth convey crucible cymbals deliver dent depart dice distill drill
(798kb.) drive drum edge embark engrave enter entreat erect fan fasten fatigue fear
awl axe fell ferry filter fire flag flute forge fry furnace furrow glove gong groove
bow goad guard guild hammer indra jacket join kill kiln kubera labour ladder ladle lamp
razor saw land landless lathe leash leather lid lever loom lute manger mill mirror mould
sickle necklace net occupation oil-press ornament pannier patrol perforate pin plait
plough pole pot potsherd potter pressed produce profession pure purity
raft rope screen seat sew shackle script sling (bearing/ carrying) snare soldier spike
spinner (weaver) spy stake stampsteam stirrup stool stopper store tablet trap
treasury trough uproot vessel warrior wash water-lift well well-digger wheel
whip winnow write
Language fields
grammar (Etymology, arab tamil telugu
linguistics, grammar,

particles, become near next now only other that there thus time until
prepositions,
adverbs)
augment consonant name no prefix riddle sign signature yes
Kinship
ancestor bride brother companion family father friend gentleman girl lead love
marriage mistress mother self single sister wife
Social formations
abuse ambush auction authenticbard bawd brahma bravo buy chief class
commend confidence conflict confusion cruel country court dedicate deity demon disgrace
doctrine evil exile faith festival fop fraud free freedom game get gift goblin good gratitude
guilt hindu honour idol justice law learn lease lend life load loan malice manner market
meditate memorial mercy miser mystic oppose painting penalty place play please pledge
pomp poor post power prank pride principal procession protect regularity
regulation rich rob rogue royal rule sacrifice safety salutation scheme sell send shame
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sindhu stupid support surplus tax teacher temple terror theft tomb town trade tribe unruly
useless value violence virtuous vow wager wicked win witness worship
Other semantic clusters
(including cognisance and lexemes which may indicate semantic expansion and may span
many other semantic clusters; e.g. 'mix' cluster may relate to animate and inanimate
clusters)
adhere begin blocked bold bundle clean clever close coax commence dangle deceit
defeat deliberate desire detached dip dirty disgust dull enclose endure false forget
hard inferior know mark marked marking mass means medley mix narrow neat need
new notch opportunity outside overflow part particle paste pit pitfall ponder
purpose quick quit ready remember rise rot rough rub ruin section shade shake similar
slow strip thin think trace tranquil trouble truth unripe upper vermillion

Indian Lexicon: English meanings index
An Indian Lexicon (12mb.) General semantic sequencing (using English meanings)
In addition to an advanced search engine presented for the Indian Lexion, the Lexion is
presented in three sequences for easy search of Indian lexemes: Indian Lexicon
• English meanings (the current page)
• Semantic clusters
• Alphabetical sequence of Indian language lexemes
This is a clustered Index of English meanings. Each English meaning will present a semantic
cluster of Indian lexemes.
• The lexicon provides semantic clusters from Indian languages closely approximating
each English meaning listed.
• The organization of the semantic sequence is intended to facilitate speedy
downloading and browsing of each semantic cluster.
• The resulting page presents the Indian lexemes using a simple transliteration scheme.
[Phonetic guide (Basic sounds of the language)]
A comprehensive search facility is provided to search for ANY INDIAN WORD or ANY
ENGLISH MEANING.
Alphabetical sequence of English meanings (1240 English words and Botanical species Latin)
English meanings are in English alphabet sequence:
A B C D E F G H I J K L
M N O P Q R
S T U V W X Y Z
8
abies abortion abrus abuse acacia acalypha acampe acanthus account achyranthes
aconitum acorus adenanthera adhere aegle aeschynomena aeschynomene agaricus
agathotes agati age ageratum aglaia agreement aguilaria ailantus alangium albizzia
alligator (goat, deer, ram, markhor) aloe alosanthes alpinia amarantus amazed ambush
amomum amulet ancestor andropogon anethum anger animal anodendron anogeissus
antelope anthocephalus anthriscus antiaris anus apple arab arch areca aristolochia arka
army arrive artemisia artocarpus arum ask asparagus assembly atlantia attack auction
audit augment authentic average averrhoea awl axe axle azima
back badge balance balanites bald ball balsam bamboo banana banker bard bark
barleria barley barren barringtonia basella basil basin basket bassia bat bathe bauhinia
bawd bead bear beard beat beauty become bed beehive beg begin behind being
bellows belly bend berberis betel betula big bile bird birth bit bite bixa black blanket
blink blocked blood blow bluejay blyxa boat body boil bold bolt bombax bone borax
bore boswellia bow bracelet brahma braid brass bravo brazier break breath brick bride
bridge bright bristle broad broken bronze brother brown bryonia bubble buchanania
bud buffalo building bull bund bundle burst bush butcher butea butt butter buttock
buy
caesalpinia caesaria cajanus calamus calophyllum camel camp camphor canarium
cannabis canthium capparis carallia cardamom cardiospermum care careya carissa cart
carthamus carum carve caryota cashew cassia cassytha caterpillar cave cedrela cedrus
celastrus celery celosia celtis censer centre ceratonia cerbera ceropegia chaff chameleon
cheap cheek chenopodium chequered chest chief chignon chin chisel chop churn cicer
cichorium cinnabar cinnamomum cinnamon circle citrus clarion class clay clean
clearingnut cleistanthus clerodendrum clever climb clitoria cloak close cloth cloud clove
coax coccinia cocculus cock cockroach coconut coffee coin cold collect collection
collyrium colocasia colosanthes colour comb come commence commend commonwealth
companion confidence conflict confusion consonant contain convey convolvulus copulate
cordia coriandrum cork corner costum costus cotton counting country court crab crack
crane cratraeva creep creeper crest crocus cross crotalaria croton crow crucible cruel
cry crystal cuckoo cucumber cucumis cumin curculigo curcuma curdle curve cut cymbals
cyperus
dalbergia dance dangle darkness date datura dawn death decay deceit dedicate defeat
deficient deity deliberate deliver demon dense dent depart desert desire desmodium
detached dew dice dichrostachys dillenia dioscorea diospyros dip dirty disgrace disgust
distill divide doctrine dodonea dog dolichos door dot doubt dove drain dream drill
drive drug drum dry duck dull dumb dwarf
eagle earth ebony echo eclipta edge eight elaeocarpus elbow elephant elettaria
eleusine embark enclose end endless endure engrave entangled enter entreat erect
ericybe erythrina erythroxylon eugenia eugenis euphorbia evil excoecaria excrement
exile extinguish extremity eye
faeces faith fall false family fan fasten fat father fatigue fear feather fell fence fencing
fenugreek feronia ferry ferula festival ficus filter finger fire fish fist fitting five flacourtia
flag flax flee flesh flour flow flower flute fly food fop ford forest forge forget fork fort
four fragrance frankincense fraud free freedom friend fringe frog frolic front frost fruit
9
fry full funeral furnace furrow
galangal gamboge game garcinia garden gardenia garland garlic gaultheria gem
gendarussa gentiana gentleman genus get gift ginger girl give gizzard glitter gloria glove
glue gmelina goad goblin gold gong good goods gooseberry gore gourd grain grammar
granary gratitude green grewia grislea groan groove guard guild guilt gymnema
gynandropsis gyrocarpus
hail hair half hammer hand hard hare harvest hatch hawk head heap hear heart heat
heel heliotropium hemidesmus hemp herd heron herpes hibiscus hiccup hide high hill
hindu hiptage hit holcus hole hollow honey honour hopea horn horse house hump
hunt hurt hydnocarpus
ichnocarpus idle idol ilex incline increase indigo indigofera indra inferior insect
intoxicate invert invite ipomoea island itch ivory
jacket jackfruit jalap jasminum jaundice join joint juggler jujube jump juniper justice
justicia
kaempferia kick kill kiln kingfisher kitchen knob knot know kubera kunda
labour lac ladder ladle lagenaria lagerstroemia lair lame lamp land landless lapislazuli
lathe lattice laugh laurus law lead leadwort leaf leak leap learn lease leash leather left
leg lend lepidum leucas lever lid life lift lightness lightning ligusticum line linseed linum
lion lip liquor listen liver lizard load loan lobellia lodhra loft log long look loom loose
lotus love lowing luffa lute luvunga
macaranga mahua male malice mane manger mangifera mango manner mark marked
market marking marriage marsilia mass means measure medicine meditate medley
meet melastoma meliosma memecyclon memorial mentha mercy mesua middle mill
millingtonia mimusops mirror miser mistress mix molasses mole momordica mongoose
monkey moon moringa morus mosquito mother mould mouldy mouth movement
mucuna mud muscle mushroom musk-deer mustard myna myrica myristica myrobalan
myrtus mystic
nail name nardostachys narrow nauclea navel near neat neck necklace need nelumbium
nerium nerve nest net new next night no noise north nose notch now numb
numeration nyctanthes nymphaea
occupation ocean ochlandra ochre ocimum octopus odina oil oilcake oil-press ointment
old olea one only ooze ophioxylon opportunity oppose ore ornament orpiment oryza
other outside overflow owl
painting palm palmyra pandanus panicum pannier papaver parapet parrot part particle
paste patrol pavetta pavonia pearl peel penalty penis pepper perforate pericarp perish
petal phaseolus pheasant phlegm phoenix phyllanthus physalis pillar pimpinella pin
pinus piper pit pitfall place plague plait planet play please pledge pleiades plough
plumbago pogostemon poison pole polygala polygonum pomegranate pomp ponder
pony poor porpoise post pot potsherd potter pour pouzolzia power prank prefix
pregnant premna pressed pride principal procession produce profession prosopis protect
prunus psidium pterocarpus pterospermum pudendum pull pulp pungent pure purity
10