Amyloid Precursor Protein - A Practical Approach - W. Xia, H. Xu (CRC, 2005) WW PDF
Preview Amyloid Precursor Protein - A Practical Approach - W. Xia, H. Xu (CRC, 2005) WW
Amyloid Precursor Protein A Practical Approach © 2005 by CRC Press LLC CRC PR ESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. EDITED BY Weiming Xia and Huaxi Xu Amyloid Precursor Protein A Practical Approach © 2005 by CRC Press LLC This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com © 2005 by CRC Press No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-2245-6 Library of Congress Card Number 2004058142 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Xia, Weiming. Amyloid precursor protein : a practical approach / by Weiming Xia, Huaxi Xu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2245-6 (alk. paper) 1. Amyloid beta-protein precursors — Laboratory manuals. I. Xu, Huaxi. II. Title. QP552.A45X53 2004 616.8′047—dc22 2004058142 2245_C000.fm Page iv Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Preface Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an extensively studied single transmembrane protein. Our vast knowledge of this protein is derived from thousands of reports published during the past decade. In fact, many scientists from different disciplines have used their well-established experimental procedures to examine the character- istics of this molecule. Hence, their published reports display nearly all aspects of biological techniques used in genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, and biochem- istry. As a result, APP may be viewed as a unique model protein to illustrate a wide array of basic and advanced biological techniques used in many laboratories. The major aim of this book is to demonstrate the critical techniques utilized in the experiments selected from many significant findings that contribute to our under- standing of APP biology. Each technique will be presented in the format of a standard protocol, providing step-by-step instructions for bench scientists carrying out similar studies on APP and other proteins. Theoretical background and discussions will be provided in the introduction section, and a brief description of the goal will also be presented. These protocols will form the core of our approach in elucidating the function of a protein. The antibodies used in each experiment will be described and are cited on the list of antibodies to APP and Aβ proteins at the front of this book It is our intention to contrast basic and advanced methods and demonstrate how development of biological techniques significantly affects the way we examine our molecular targets. An important feature of this book is the presentation of modifications applied to standard procedures used in examining a membrane protein. These modifications will likely help readers consider similar alterations in their own experimental pro- cedures. The fact that most experiments we perform every day do not lead to conclusive answers strongly indicates that actively modifying our approach is essen- tial to perform biological experiments and achieve definitive results. The descriptions of the modifications will help justify similar alterations in readers’ own experimental approaches. Another goal of this book is to include commonly used experimental procedures and clearly present them in the format of a protocol to serve as a laboratory manual for bench scientists working on different aspects of the biological functions of APP and other membrane proteins. Most experimental procedures can be carried out in a regularly equipped laboratory, but a few protocols require sophisticated core facilities. In addition, multistep protocols will be broken down into several indepen- dent protocols, allowing an investigator to create parallel experiments to accelerate the achievement of results. This book will also describe a set of previously published milestone studies on APP. Results summarized here will not only provide a complete picture of our current understanding of APP, but also confer future direction for continued investigation of this protein in normal cellular function and in disease. 2245_C000.fm Page v Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Due to rapid expansion of our knowledge of APP biology, this book will cover the most up-to-date research activities. More importantly, we emphasize practical tech- niques used to address key questions related to APP and similar membrane proteins. Hence, this book will offer a framework for studying other membrane proteins and provide detailed, step-wise procedures to achieve specific aims. It will be suitable for students who are learning basic experimental approaches to address biological questions and also for bench scientists who seek immediate assistance and practical approaches for studying proteins. 2245_C000.fm Page vi Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Contributors Karen Hsiao Ashe Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Jorge Busciglio Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine, California Dongming Cai Fisher Center for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease The Rockefeller University New York, New York William A. Campbell Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Roberto Cappai Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Atul Deshpande Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine, California Susanne C. Feil Biota Structural Biology Laboratory St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Erica A. Fradinger Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Denise Galatis Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Arun K. Ghosh Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Gunnar Gouras Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York Heike S. Grimm Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany Marcus O.W. Grimm Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany Tobias Hartmann Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany 2245_C000.fm Page vii Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Pablo Helguera Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine, California Stanley Jones Premkumar Iyadurai Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Gerald Koelsch Protein Studies Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Edward H. Koo Department of Neurosciences University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California Markus P. Kummer Department of Neurosciences University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California Noel D. Lazo Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Cynthia A. Lemere Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Feng Li Center for Neuroscience and Aging The Burnham Institute La Jolla, California Samir Kumar Maji Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts William J. McKinstry Biota Structural Biology Laboratory St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Chica Mori Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts William J. Netzer Fisher Center for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease The Rockefeller University New York, New York Andreas J. Paetzold Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany Michael W. Parker Biota Structural Biology Laboratory St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Alejandra Pelsman Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine, California Thomas Ruppert Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany 2245_C000.fm Page viii Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Dongwoo Shin Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Xiaoyan Sun Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Reisuke H. Takahashi Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, New York Akihiko Takashima Brain Science Institute Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Saitama, Japan Jordan Tang Protein Studies Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City, Oklahoma David B. Teplow Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Vajira Weerasena Protein Studies Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Michael S. Wolfe Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Weiming Xia Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Huaxi Xu Center for Neuroscience and Aging The Burnham Institute La Jolla, California Tsuneo Yamazaki Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine Gunma University Gunma, Japan Hui Zheng Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Eva G. Zinser Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany 2245_C000.fm Page ix Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Table of Contents List of Antibodies to APP and Aβ Proteins Chapter 1 Biochemical Characterization of Amyloid Precursor Protein Weiming Xia Chapter 2 Assays for Analysis of APP Secretion and Recycling Markus P. Kummer, Tsuneo Yamazaki, and Edward H. Koo Chapter 3 Strategies for Crystallizing the N-Terminal Growth Factor Domain of Amyloid Precursor Protein William J. McKinstry, Susanne C. Feil, Denise Galatis, Roberto Cappai, and Michael W. Parker Chapter 4 Analysis of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing Protease β-Secretase: Tools for Memapsin 2 (β-Secretase) Inhibition Studies Gerald Koelsch, Vajira Weerasena, Dongwoo Shin, Arun K. Ghosh, and Jordan Tang Chapter 5 Assays for Amyloid Precursor Protein γ-Secretase Activity William A. Campbell, Michael S. Wolfe, and Weiming Xia Chapter 6 Cell-Free Reconstitution of β-Amyloid Production and Trafficking Dongming Cai, William J. Netzer, Feng Li, and Huaxi Xu Chapter 7 Studying Amyloid β-Protein Assembly Erica A. Fradinger, Samir Kumar Maji, Noel D. Lazo, and David B. Teplow Chapter 8 Intracellular Accumulation of Amyloid β and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down’s Syndrome Jorge Busciglio, Alejandra Pelsman, Pablo Helguera, and Atul Deshpande 2245_C000.fm Page xi Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC Chapter 9 Linking Alzheimer’s Disease, β-Amyloid, and Lipids: A Technical Approach Marcus O.W. Grimm, Andreas J. Paetzold, Heike S. Grimm, Eva G. Zinser, Thomas Ruppert, and Tobias Hartmann Chapter 10 Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing by Lithium Xiaoyan Sun and Akihiko Takashima Chapter 11 Immunocytochemical Analysis of Amyloid Precursor Protein and Its Derivatives Gunnar Gouras and Reisuke H. Takahashi Chapter 12 Pathological Detection of Aβ and APP in Brain Chica Mori and Cynthia A. Lemere Chapter 13 Creating APP Transgenic Lines in Mice Stanley Jones Premkumar Iyadurai and Karen Hsiao Ashe Chapter 14 Generation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Knockout Mice Hui Zheng 2245_C000.fm Page xii Monday, November 15, 2004 4:06 PM © 2005 by CRC Press LLC
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