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Amy Mariaskin dissertation PDF

181 Pages·2009·0.99 MB·English
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The Roles of Parenting and Moral Socialization in Obsessive-Compulsive Belief and Symptom Development by Amy Mariaskin Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ John F. Curry, Ph.D., Supervisor ___________________________ Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Ph.D. ___________________________ Philip R. Costanzo, Ph.D. ___________________________ Martha Putallaz, Ph.D. ___________________________ David B. Wong, Ph.D. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 ABSTRACT The Roles of Parenting and Moral Socialization in Obsessive-Compulsive Belief and Symptom Development by Amy Mariaskin Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ John F. Curry, Ph.D., Supervisor ___________________________ Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Ph.D. ___________________________ Philip R. Costanzo, Ph.D. ___________________________ Martha Putallaz, Ph.D. ___________________________ David B. Wong, Ph.D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Amy Mariaskin 2009 Abstract Despite the prominence of cognitive theories of anxiety disorders, which posit that thoughts can affect the expression of psychopathology, empirical investigation of the origins of such thoughts is scant. In the study of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a number of cognitive factors, deemed obsessive beliefs, have been identified as correlates of the disorder. Although both parenting behaviors and obsessive beliefs have demonstrated associations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, research exploring the relations between all three of these constructs has been heretofore limited. Moreover, given the moral content of some obsessions and compulsions (e.g. praying, harm prevention techniques), it is possible that specific moral socialization techniques serve to promote obsessive beliefs. This study investigated parenting, obsessive beliefs, moral socialization and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large non-clinical sample (N=288). Thirty-four students who were measured as relatively high or low on obsessive beliefs subsequently completed an additional procedure in which they were interviewed about moral socialization. Results provided support for a model in which obsessive beliefs served as a mediator of the relations between parenting behaviors and symptom levels. Adding self-conscious emotions to the model as a covariate significantly improved overall fit statistics. With respect to moral socialization, few differences emerged in the moral iv socialization histories of individuals relatively high or low on obsessive beliefs. However, those in the high obsessive beliefs group were more likely to report relationship-centered discipline (i.e. the parent using damage to the parent-child relationship as a vehicle for punishment) than those in the low obsessive beliefs group. v Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ x Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview and specific aims ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background and significance ........................................................................................ 10 1.2.1 Elevated Levels of Particular Beliefs are Found in Obsessive-Compulsive Adults ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Obsessive beliefs demonstrate manipulability ...................................................... 27 1.2.3 Manipulability in the family setting ....................................................................... 30 1.2.4 Certain parenting characteristics are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms ............................................................................................................................ 31 1.2.5 Parenting may influence the development of obsessive beliefs ......................... 37 1.2.6 Moral socialization and obsessive beliefs .............................................................. 43 1.2.7 Higher levels of guilt- and shame-proneness are found in individuals with OCD ...................................................................................................................................... 54 1.2.8 Parent and child reports of parenting .................................................................... 59 1.3 Summary of current study hypotheses ....................................................................... 60 2. Method ..................................................................................................................................... 64 2.1 Participants ...................................................................................................................... 64 2.2 Procedure ......................................................................................................................... 65 vi 2.2.1 Wave One measures .................................................................................................. 67 2.2.2 Wave Two measures ................................................................................................. 71 2.2.3 Caregiver Wave measures ........................................................................................ 76 2.2 Statistical analyses .......................................................................................................... 77 3. Results ....................................................................................................................................... 81 3.1 Relations between parenting, obsessive Beliefs, and Symptom Levels (Wave One) ................................................................................................................................................. 83 3.2 Results from the Moral Socialization in the Family Interview (Wave Two) .......... 89 3.3 Parent-reported and Participant-reported Parenting Measures (Caregiver Wave) ................................................................................................................................................. 93 3.4 Relations of Obsessive Beliefs to Anxious and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms ................................................................................................................................................. 97 4. Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 99 4.1 Wave One Data ............................................................................................................. 101 4.2 Wave Two Data ............................................................................................................ 105 4.3 Caregiver Wave Data ................................................................................................... 108 4.4 Study Limitations ......................................................................................................... 110 5. Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 114 5.1 Wave One Measures .................................................................................................... 114 5.2 Wave Two Measures .................................................................................................... 127 5.3 Caregiver Wave Measures .......................................................................................... 144 5.4 Other Forms .................................................................................................................. 148 References .................................................................................................................................. 150 vii Biography ................................................................................................................................... 169 viii List of Tables Table 1: Overall sample characteristics .................................................................................... 81 Table 2: Correlations between indicators ................................................................................ 82 Table 3: Means and standard deviations of indicator variables ........................................... 84 Table 4: Model fit indices for all models .................................................................................. 89 Table 5: Characteristics of high- versus low-OBQ participants in Wave Two ................... 90 Table 6: Cohen's Kappa values for Moral Socialization in the Family interview .............. 91 Table 7: Correlations between parent- and participant-reported scales on the EMBU and PIRBS ............................................................................................................................................ 94 Table 8: Correlations between mother/participant-reported parenting scales and symptoms/beliefs for participants with mother-reported data (n=32) ................................ 96 Table 9: Correlations between father/participant-reported parenting scales and symptoms/beliefs for participants with father-reported data (n=28) .................................. 97 ix List of Figures Figure 1: Model of Parenting, Obsessive Beliefs, Symptom Levels, and Shame (Model 1) ....................................................................................................................................................... 85 Figure 2: Model of Parenting, Obsessive Beliefs, Symptom Levels, and Shame (Model 2) ....................................................................................................................................................... 87 Figure 3: Model of Parenting, Obsessive Beliefs, and Symptom Levels (Model 3) ........... 88 x

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Despite the prominence of cognitive theories of anxiety disorders, which posit that thoughts have demonstrated associations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, research exploring OCD. Religion is another potential method of moral socialization. One comprehensive model of this parenting.
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