Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide

594 Pages·2015·8.41 MB·English

Amazon Relational Database
Service
User Guide
API Version 2014-10-31
Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Amazon Relational Database Service: User Guide
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Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide
Table of Contents
What Is Amazon RDS?................................................................................................................... 1
Amazon RDS Components ..................................................................................................... 2
DB Instances................................................................................................................ 2
Regions and Availability Zones ........................................................................................ 3
Security Groups ............................................................................................................ 3
DB Parameter Groups.................................................................................................... 3
DB Option Groups......................................................................................................... 3
Available RDS Interfaces ........................................................................................................ 4
Amazon RDS Console ................................................................................................... 4
Command Line Interface................................................................................................. 4
Programmatic Interfaces................................................................................................. 4
How You Are Charged for Amazon RDS.................................................................................... 5
Monitoring an Amazon RDS DB Instance................................................................................... 5
What's Next? ........................................................................................................................ 5
Getting Started ............................................................................................................. 5
Database Engine Specific Topics...................................................................................... 6
Setting Up.................................................................................................................................... 7
Sign Up for AWS................................................................................................................... 7
Create an IAM User............................................................................................................... 8
Determine Requirements........................................................................................................ 9
Create a Security Group ....................................................................................................... 10
Getting Started............................................................................................................................ 12
Creating a MySQL DB Instance and Connecting to a Database................................................... 12
Creating a MySQL DB Instance...................................................................................... 13
Connecting to a Database on a DB Instance Running MySQL............................................. 18
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 18
Creating an Oracle DB Instance and Connecting to a Database................................................... 19
Creating a DB Instance Running Oracle........................................................................... 19
Connecting to a DB Instance Running Oracle................................................................... 25
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 27
Creating a SQL Server DB Instance and Connecting to a Database.............................................. 27
Creating a SQL Server DB Instance................................................................................ 27
Connecting to a SQL Server DB Instance Using SQL Server Management Studio................... 33
Troubleshooting a Connection to a DB Instance Running SQL Server................................... 37
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 38
Creating a PostgreSQL DB Instance and Connecting to a Database............................................. 38
Creating a PostgreSQL DB Instance............................................................................... 38
Connecting to a PostgreSQL DB Instance........................................................................ 45
Deleting a DB Instance................................................................................................. 48
Best Practices............................................................................................................................. 49
Amazon RDS Basic Operational Guidelines ............................................................................. 49
DB Instance RAM Recommendations...................................................................................... 50
Amazon RDS Security Best Practices ..................................................................................... 50
Best Practices for Working with MySQL Storage Engines............................................................ 50
Best Practices for Working with PostgreSQL............................................................................. 51
Loading Data into a PostgreSQL DB Instance................................................................... 51
Working with the PostgreSQL Autovacuum Feature........................................................... 51
Best Practices for Working with SQL Server............................................................................. 53
Amazon RDS SQL Server Best Practices Video................................................................ 53
Amazon RDS Best Practices Presentation Video....................................................................... 53
DB Instances .............................................................................................................................. 54
DB Instance Class ............................................................................................................... 55
DB Instance Status .............................................................................................................. 58
Regions and Availability Zones............................................................................................... 59
Related Topics ............................................................................................................ 61
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High Availability (Multi-AZ)..................................................................................................... 61
Failover Process for Amazon RDS.................................................................................. 62
Amazon RDS and Amazon VPC............................................................................................. 63
DB Instance Backups ........................................................................................................... 63
Automated Backup....................................................................................................... 64
DB Snapshots............................................................................................................. 66
Related Topics ............................................................................................................ 66
DB Instance Replication........................................................................................................ 66
Storage...................................................................................................................................... 67
Storage Types ..................................................................................................................... 67
Performance Metrics ............................................................................................................ 68
Facts About Amazon RDS Storage......................................................................................... 68
Other Factors That Impact Storage Performance............................................................... 69
Adding Storage and Changing Storage Type..................................................................... 70
General Purpose (SSD) Storage ............................................................................................ 70
I/O Credits and Burst Performance.................................................................................. 70
Provisioned IOPS Storage..................................................................................................... 72
Using Provisioned IOPS Storage with Multi-AZ, Read Replicas, Snapshots, VPC, and DB
Instance Classes ......................................................................................................... 73
Provisioned IOPS Storage Costs.................................................................................... 73
Getting the Most out of Amazon RDS Provisioned IOPS..................................................... 73
Provisioned IOPS Storage Support in the CLI and Amazon RDS API.................................... 74
Factors That Affect Realized IOPS Rates................................................................................. 74
Page Size and Channel Bandwidth................................................................................. 75
DB Instance Class ....................................................................................................... 75
Database Workload...................................................................................................... 76
Security ..................................................................................................................................... 77
Using IAM to Manage Access to Amazon RDS Resources.......................................................... 78
Creating IAM Policies for Amazon RDS............................................................................ 79
How Resource Authorization Works in Amazon RDS.......................................................... 80
Specifying Conditions in an IAM Policy for Amazon RDS.................................................... 81
Example IAM Policies for Amazon RDS........................................................................... 83
Encrypting Amazon RDS Resources....................................................................................... 87
Enabling Amazon RDS Encryption for a DB Instance......................................................... 87
Availability of Amazon RDS Encrypted Instances............................................................... 88
Managing Amazon RDS Encryption Keys......................................................................... 89
Limitations of Amazon RDS Encrypted Instances.............................................................. 89
Using SSL to Encrypt a Connection........................................................................................ 89
SSL Certificate Rotation................................................................................................ 89
Amazon RDS Security Groups............................................................................................... 91
DB Security Groups ..................................................................................................... 91
VPC Security Groups ................................................................................................... 91
DB Security Groups vs.VPC Security Groups................................................................... 91
Security Group Scenario............................................................................................... 92
Related Topics ............................................................................................................ 93
Limits ........................................................................................................................................ 94
Limits in Amazon RDS.......................................................................................................... 94
Naming Constraints in Amazon RDS....................................................................................... 95
File Size Limits in Amazon RDS............................................................................................. 97
MySQL ...................................................................................................................... 97
MySQL on Amazon RDS............................................................................................................... 98
MySQL Planning Information ................................................................................................. 99
MySQL Versions.......................................................................................................... 99
Amazon RDS Supported Storage Engines...................................................................... 100
Amazon RDS and MySQL Security............................................................................... 101
InnoDB Cache Warming.............................................................................................. 103
MySQL Features Not Supported By Amazon RDS........................................................... 104
Known Issues and Limitations...................................................................................... 104
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Creating a DB Instance Running MySQL................................................................................ 107
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 169
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 114
API.......................................................................................................................... 115
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 115
Connecting to a DB Instance Running MySQL........................................................................ 116
Connecting from the MySQL Utility................................................................................ 116
Connecting with SSL .................................................................................................. 117
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 118
Modifying a DB Instance Running MySQL.............................................................................. 119
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 119
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 121
API.......................................................................................................................... 121
Importing and Exporting Data From a MySQL DB Instance....................................................... 122
Overview .................................................................................................................. 122
Importing Data Considerations ..................................................................................... 122
Importing Data from a MySQL DB to an Amazon RDS MySQL DB Instance......................... 125
Importing Data to an Amazon RDS MySQL DB Instance with Reduced Downtime................. 126
Importing Data From Any Source to a MySQL DB Instance............................................... 138
Replication with a MySQL Instance Running External to Amazon RDS................................ 141
Using Replication to Export MySQL 5.6 Data.................................................................. 143
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for MySQL............................................................................. 147
Killing a Session or Query........................................................................................... 147
Skipping the Current Replication Error........................................................................... 147
Working with InnoDB Tablespaces to Improve Crash Recovery Times................................. 148
Managing the Global Status History.............................................................................. 150
Appendix: Options for MySQL .............................................................................................. 152
MySQL 5.6 memcached Support.................................................................................. 152
Appendix: MySQL on Amazon RDS SQL Reference................................................................. 156
Overview .................................................................................................................. 156
SQL reference conventions.......................................................................................... 156
mysql.rds_set_external_master .................................................................................... 156
mysql.rds_reset_external_master ................................................................................. 158
mysql.rds_start_replication .......................................................................................... 159
mysql.rds_stop_replication .......................................................................................... 159
mysql_rds_skip_repl_error........................................................................................... 160
mysql.rds_next_master_log ......................................................................................... 161
mysql.rds_innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now ..................................................................... 162
mysql.rds_innodb_buffer_pool_load_now ....................................................................... 163
mysql.rds_innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort ..................................................................... 163
Oracle on Amazon RDS.............................................................................................................. 164
Common Management Tasks for Oracle on Amazon RDS......................................................... 164
Planning Your Amazon RDS Oracle DB Instance..................................................................... 165
Engine Features ........................................................................................................ 166
Security.................................................................................................................... 167
Oracle Version Management........................................................................................ 167
Licensing.................................................................................................................. 167
Using OEM, APEX, TDE, and other options.................................................................... 168
Creating a DB Instance Running Oracle................................................................................. 169
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 169
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 174
API.......................................................................................................................... 174
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 175
Connecting to a DB Instance Running Oracle.......................................................................... 176
CLI or Console .......................................................................................................... 176
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 177
Modifying a DB Instance Running Oracle............................................................................... 178
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 178
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CLI .......................................................................................................................... 180
API.......................................................................................................................... 180
Importing Data Into Oracle on Amazon RDS........................................................................... 181
Oracle SQL Developer................................................................................................ 181
Oracle Data Pump ..................................................................................................... 181
Oracle Export/Import Utilities ....................................................................................... 185
Oracle SQL*Loader .................................................................................................... 185
Oracle Materialized Views ........................................................................................... 186
Appendix: Options for Oracle................................................................................................ 188
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control................................................................. 188
Oracle XML DB ......................................................................................................... 189
Oracle Application Express (APEX)............................................................................... 189
Oracle Native Network Encryption................................................................................. 192
Oracle Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)..................................................................... 194
Oracle Statspack ....................................................................................................... 195
Oracle Time Zone ...................................................................................................... 198
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for Oracle.............................................................................. 200
Enabling and disabling Restricted Session ..................................................................... 201
Flushing the Shared Pool ............................................................................................ 201
Flushing the Buffer Cache ........................................................................................... 201
Disconnecting a Session (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)............................................... 202
Killing a Session ........................................................................................................ 202
Renaming the Global Name (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)........................................... 202
Granting Privileges to Non-Master Users........................................................................ 203
Modifying DBMS_SCHEDULER Jobs............................................................................ 203
Switching Online Log files............................................................................................ 204
Adding, Dropping and Resizing Online Redo Logs........................................................... 204
Setting Force Logging (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)................................................... 207
Retaining Archived Redo Logs (for version 11.2.0.2.v7 and later)....................................... 207
Setting Supplemental Logging (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)........................................ 207
Creating and Resizing Tablespaces and Data Files.......................................................... 208
Setting Default Tablespace........................................................................................... 208
Setting Default Temporary Tablespace ........................................................................... 208
Checkpointing the Database ........................................................................................ 209
Setting Distributed Recovery (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later) ......................................... 209
Granting SELECT or EXECUTE privileges to SYS Objects (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later)
................................................................................................................................ 209
Setting the Database Time Zone................................................................................... 210
Working with Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)........................................................ 210
Adjusting Database Links for Use with DB Instances in a VPC........................................... 210
Creating New Directories in the Main Data Storage Space (for version 11.2.0.4.v1 and
later)........................................................................................................................ 210
Listing and Reading Files in a DB Instance Directory (for version 11.2.0.3.v1 and later).......... 211
Appendix: Using Oracle GoldenGate with Amazon RDS............................................................ 212
Setting Up an Oracle GoldenGate Hub on EC2............................................................... 215
Setting Up a Source Database for Use with GoldenGate on Amazon RDS........................... 217
Setting Up a Target Database for Use with GoldenGate on Amazon RDS............................. 221
Working with Oracle GoldenGate's Extract and Replicat Utilities......................................... 222
Troubleshooting Issues When Using Oracle GoldenGate with Amazon RDS......................... 225
Appendix: Using AWS CloudHSM to Store Amazon RDS Oracle TDE Keys.................................. 226
Setting Up AWS CloudHSM to Work with Amazon RDS.................................................... 227
Setting Up Amazon RDS to Work with AWS CloudHSM.................................................... 231
Verifying the HSM Connection, the Oracle Keys in the HSM, and the TDE Key...................... 235
Restoring Encrypted DB Instances................................................................................ 237
Managing a Multi-AZ Failover....................................................................................... 238
Appendix: Oracle Character Sets Supported in Amazon RDS.................................................... 239
Appendix: Oracle Database Engine Release Notes.................................................................. 241
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v3 ........................................................................... 241
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Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v4 or 11.2.0.2.v5........................................................ 241
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v6 ........................................................................... 242
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.2.v7 ........................................................................... 243
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.3.v1............................................................................ 245
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.3.v2............................................................................ 246
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.4.v1............................................................................ 247
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.4.v2 (Deprecated)......................................................... 247
Database Engine Version: 11.2.0.4.v3............................................................................ 248
Microsoft SQL Server on Amazon RDS.......................................................................................... 250
Common Management Tasks for SQL Server on Amazon RDS.................................................. 250
Planning Your SQL Server DB Instance on Amazon RDS.......................................................... 251
General Limits for SQL Server DB Instances................................................................... 252
Support for SQL Server Features on Amazon RDS.......................................................... 306
SQL Server Licensing................................................................................................. 255
Planning your Multi-AZ Deployments Using SQL Server Mirroring...................................... 255
Database Engine Version Management.......................................................................... 258
Supported SQL Server Roles and Permissions............................................................... 258
Using SSL with a SQL Server DB Instance..................................................................... 259
Using the TDE Option to Encrypt Data at Rest................................................................ 261
Creating a DB Instance Running SQL Server.......................................................................... 262
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 262
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 268
API.......................................................................................................................... 268
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 269
Connecting to a DB Instance Running SQL Server.................................................................. 270
Connecting with SQL Server Management Studio............................................................ 270
Connecting with SQL Workbench/J ............................................................................... 273
Troubleshooting a Connection to a DB Instance Running SQL Server.................................. 275
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 275
Modifying a DB Instance Running SQL Server........................................................................ 277
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 277
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 279
API.......................................................................................................................... 279
Working with SQL Server Multi-AZ with Mirroring..................................................................... 280
Determining the Location of the Standby Mirror............................................................... 280
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 280
Importing and Exporting SQL Server Data.............................................................................. 281
Importing Data into SQL Server on Amazon RDS............................................................ 281
Exporting Data from SQL Server on Amazon RDS........................................................... 288
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for SQL Server....................................................................... 291
Determining a Recovery Model..................................................................................... 291
Collations and Character Sets for SQL Server................................................................. 291
Transitioning a Database from OFFLINE to ONLINE......................................................... 292
Dropping a Database in a Multi-AZ Deployment Using Mirroring......................................... 292
Analyzing Your Database Workload on a DB Instance Using SQL Server Tuning Advisor........ 292
Using SQL Server Agent............................................................................................. 295
Working with SQL Server Logs..................................................................................... 296
Handling UTC Times for Time Zone Awareness............................................................... 297
Appendix: Options for SQL Server......................................................................................... 299
SQL Server Transparent Data Encryption....................................................................... 299
Multi-AZ Deployment for SQL Server Using the Mirroring Option........................................ 302
PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS....................................................................................................... 304
Amazon RDS PostgreSQL Planning Information...................................................................... 305
Database Engine Features .......................................................................................... 306
PostgreSQL Version 9.3.5............................................................................................ 307
Limits for PostgreSQL DB Instances.............................................................................. 308
Minor Version Upgrades.............................................................................................. 308
Using SSL with a PostgreSQL DB Instance.................................................................... 308
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Creating a DB Instance Running PostgreSQL......................................................................... 311
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 311
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 316
API.......................................................................................................................... 316
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 317
Connecting to a DB Instance Running the PostgreSQL Database Engine..................................... 318
Using pgAdmin to Connect to a PostgreSQL DB Instance................................................. 318
Using psql to Connect to a PostgreSQL DB Instance........................................................ 320
Troubleshooting Connection Issues............................................................................... 320
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 321
Modifying a DB Instance Running PostgreSQL........................................................................ 322
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 322
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 324
API.......................................................................................................................... 324
Importing Data into PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS.................................................................... 325
Importing a PostgreSQL Database from an Amazon EC2 Instance..................................... 325
Using the \copy Command to Import Data to a Table on a PostgreSQL DB Instance............. 326
Appendix: Common DBA Tasks for PostgreSQL....................................................................... 327
Creating Roles .......................................................................................................... 327
Managing PostgreSQL Database Access....................................................................... 327
Working with PostgreSQL Parameters ........................................................................... 328
Setting up PostGIS..................................................................................................... 336
Using pgBadger for Log Analysis with PostgreSQL.......................................................... 338
Aurora on Amazon RDS.............................................................................................................. 339
Amazon RDS for Aurora Preview.......................................................................................... 340
Aurora Endpoints ............................................................................................................... 340
Amazon Aurora Replication.................................................................................................. 341
Replication with MySQL .............................................................................................. 341
Amazon Aurora Storage...................................................................................................... 343
Amazon Aurora Reliability.................................................................................................... 343
Storage Auto-Repair................................................................................................... 343
"Survivable" Cache Warming........................................................................................ 344
Crash Recovery......................................................................................................... 344
Amazon RDS for Aurora Security.......................................................................................... 344
Securing Aurora Data with SSL.................................................................................... 345
Using the memcached Option with Amazon Aurora.................................................................. 346
Comparison of Amazon RDS for Aurora and Amazon RDS for MySQL........................................ 346
Amazon RDS for Aurora Preview.......................................................................................... 347
Getting Started with Amazon Aurora...................................................................................... 347
Creating a DB Cluster and Connecting to a Database on an Amazon Aurora DB Instance....... 347
How to Create a VPC for Use with Amazon Aurora........................................................... 353
Creating an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster................................................................................. 359
DB Cluster Prerequisites ............................................................................................. 360
Using the AWS Management Console to Launch an Aurora DB Cluster and Create an Aurora
Replica .................................................................................................................... 360
Connecting to an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster.......................................................................... 368
Connecting With SSL.................................................................................................. 369
Troubleshooting Aurora Connection Failures................................................................... 370
Migrating Data to an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster..................................................................... 370
Importing an RDS MySQL Snapshot to Aurora................................................................ 370
Monitoring an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster.............................................................................. 374
Aurora Metrics........................................................................................................... 376
Managing an Amazon Aurora DB Cluster............................................................................... 378
Managing Performance and Scaling for Aurora DB Cluster................................................ 378
Backing Up and Restoring an Aurora DB Cluster............................................................. 379
Fault Tolerance for an Aurora DB Cluster........................................................................ 380
Testing Amazon Aurora Using Fault Injection Queries....................................................... 380
DB Instance Lifecycle ................................................................................................................. 384
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Upgrading and Amazon RDS Resource Maintenance............................................................... 386
Operating System Updates for a DB Instance................................................................. 387
Upgrading Database Versions for a DB Instance.............................................................. 390
Amazon RDS Maintenance Window.............................................................................. 395
Modifying a DB Instance and Using the Apply Immediately Parameter......................................... 398
Renaming a DB Instance..................................................................................................... 400
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 400
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 401
API.......................................................................................................................... 401
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 401
Deleting a DB Instance ....................................................................................................... 402
Deleting a DB Instance with No Final Snapshot............................................................... 402
Deleting a DB Instance with a Final Snapshot................................................................. 403
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 404
Rebooting a DB Instance..................................................................................................... 405
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 405
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 405
API.......................................................................................................................... 406
Working with Storage Types................................................................................................. 407
Modifying a DB Instance to Use a Different Storage Type.................................................. 407
Modifying IOPS and Storage Settings for a DB Instance That Uses Provisioned IOPS............ 409
Creating a DB Instance that Uses Provisioned IOPS Storage............................................. 411
Creating a MySQL Read Replica That Uses Provisioned IOPS Storage............................... 413
Working with PostgreSQL and MySQL Read Replicas.............................................................. 415
Amazon RDS Read Replica Overview........................................................................... 415
PostgreSQL Read Replicas (version 9.3.5 and later)........................................................ 416
MySQL Read Replicas................................................................................................ 418
Creating a Read Replica ............................................................................................. 419
Promoting a Read Replica to Be a DB Instance............................................................... 420
Replicating a Read Replica Across Regions (MySQL only)................................................ 422
Monitoring Read Replication ........................................................................................ 424
Troubleshooting a MySQL Read Replica Problem............................................................ 426
Troubleshooting a PostgreSQL Read Replica Problem...................................................... 427
Tagging Amazon RDS Resources......................................................................................... 429
What You Should Know About Amazon RDS Resource Tags.............................................. 429
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 430
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 434
API.......................................................................................................................... 434
Constructing an Amazon RDS Amazon Resource Name (ARN)......................................... 435
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 437
Backing Up and Restoring................................................................................................... 437
Working With Automated Backups ................................................................................ 438
Creating a DB Snapshot.............................................................................................. 441
Restoring From a DB Snapshot.................................................................................... 443
Copying a DB Snapshot.............................................................................................. 446
Restoring a DB Instance to a Specified Time.................................................................. 449
Working with Option Groups ................................................................................................ 451
Option Groups Overview ............................................................................................. 451
Creating an Option Group............................................................................................ 455
Making a Copy of an Option Group............................................................................... 456
Adding an Option to an Option Group............................................................................ 456
Listing the Options and Option Settings for an Option Group.............................................. 459
Modifying an Option Setting......................................................................................... 460
Removing an Option from an Option Group.................................................................... 462
Working with DB Parameter Groups...................................................................................... 464
Creating a DB Parameter Group................................................................................... 464
Modifying Parameters in a DB Parameter Group.............................................................. 466
Copying a DB Parameter Group ................................................................................... 469
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Listing DB Parameter Groups....................................................................................... 470
Viewing Parameter Values for a DB Parameter Group....................................................... 472
DB Parameter Values.................................................................................................. 475
Working with DB Security Groups......................................................................................... 478
Creating a DB Security Group...................................................................................... 478
Listing Available DB Security Groups............................................................................. 481
Viewing a DB security group........................................................................................ 482
Authorizing Network Access to a DB Security Group from an IP Range............................... 484
Authorizing Network Access to a DB Instance from an Amazon EC2 Instance...................... 486
Revoking Network Access to a DB Instance from an IP Range........................................... 488
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 490
Working with Reserved DB Instances.................................................................................... 491
Describing Available Reserved DB Instance Offerings...................................................... 492
Purchasing a Reserved DB Instance............................................................................. 496
Describing Reserved DB Instances............................................................................... 498
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 501
Using Amazon RDS with Amazon VPC.................................................................................. 502
Determining Whether You are Using the EC2-VPC or EC2-Classic Platform......................... 503
Working with a DB Instance in a VPC............................................................................ 504
Working with DB Subnet Groups................................................................................... 505
Hiding a DB Instance in a VPC from the Internet.............................................................. 505
Creating a DB Instance in a VPC.................................................................................. 506
Moving a DB Instance not in a VPC into a VPC............................................................... 508
Using ClassicLink to Connect an EC2-Classic Instance to a DB Instance in an Amazon
VPC ........................................................................................................................ 509
Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 511
Viewing DB Instance Metrics................................................................................................ 512
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 512
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 513
API.......................................................................................................................... 513
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 514
Using Amazon RDS Event Notification................................................................................... 515
Amazon RDS Event Categories and Event Messages...................................................... 516
Subscribing to Amazon RDS Event Notification............................................................... 520
Listing Your Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscriptions................................................ 524
Modifying an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription................................................ 525
Adding a Source Identifier to an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription...................... 527
Removing a Source identifier from an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription.............. 528
Listing the Amazon RDS Event Notification Categories..................................................... 529
Deleting an Amazon RDS Event Notification Subscription................................................. 531
Viewing Amazon RDS Events .............................................................................................. 532
AWS Management Console......................................................................................... 532
CLI .......................................................................................................................... 532
API.......................................................................................................................... 533
Related Topics........................................................................................................... 533
Database Log Files ............................................................................................................ 534
MySQL Database Log Files......................................................................................... 534
Oracle Database Log Files .......................................................................................... 538
SQL Server Database Log Files................................................................................... 541
PostgreSQL Database Log Files................................................................................... 542
Viewing and Listing Database Log Files......................................................................... 544
Downloading a Database Log File................................................................................. 548
Watching a Database Log File...................................................................................... 550
Logging Amazon RDS API Calls Using AWS CloudTrail............................................................ 554
Configuring CloudTrail Event Logging............................................................................ 554
Amazon RDS Event Entries in CloudTrail Log Files.......................................................... 554
Troubleshooting ......................................................................................................................... 557
Cannot Connect to DB Instance............................................................................................ 557
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